Article Figures & Data
Tables
Characteristics n (%) Gender Male 172 (70.2) Female 73 (29.8) Education No education 67 (27.3) General education 123 (50.2) Graduate 55 (22.4) Employment Not employed 102 (41.6) Retired 84 (34.3) Government 38 (15.5) private 21 (8.6) Marital status Single/widow 50±20.4 Married 195±79.6 Age, mean±SD 56.51±9.70 Disease duration since diagnosis, mean±SD 3.60±4.43 Hospital admissions within the last year, mean±SD 1.18±1.52 Family size, mean±SD 4.86±3.38 Scale and upper-lower scored items Mean±SD Converted to 100* Maintenance sub-scale 3.375±0.647 67.5% Yearly flu vaccine 2.24±1.50 Not missing doses 4.41±0.982 Monitoring sub-scale 3.36±0.721 67.2% Recorded symptoms 1.82±1.33 Noticed tiredness 4.09±1.09 Recognize symptoms 2.95±1.67 Know symptoms 2.24±1.88 Management sub-scale 3.75±0.569 75.0% Call for guidance 2.70±1.69 Take medicine 4.63±0.904 Confidence sub-scale 4.19±0.695 83.8% Evaluate remedy 4.00±1.11 Follow treatment plan 4.53±0.738 Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD).
↵* Mean/highest scale number (5) × 100
Variables Maintenance Monitoring Management Confidence Gender Male 3.377±0.638 3.332±0.725 3.70±0.651 4.10±0.724 Female 3.372±0.672 3.43±0.710 3.88±0.572 4.40±0.573 T-test t(243)=0.052, p=0.958 t(243)=1.03, p=0.302 t(243)=2.29, p=0.023* t(243)=3.09, p=0.002* Education No education 3.34±0.59 3.24±0.73 3.79±0.57 4.26±0.64 General education† 3.44±0.64 3.44±0.67 3.83±0.53 4.15±0.71 Graduate 3.79±0.57 3.32±0.80 3.54±0.59 4.20±0.72 ANOVA F=(2,242)=1.66, p=0.191 F=(2,242)=1.82, p=0.164 F=(2,242)=5.18, p=0.006* F=(2,242)=0.502, p=0.606 Employment Not employed 3.36±0.59 3.38±0.65 3.81±0.57 4.25±0.67 Retired 3.48±0.65 3.46±0.73 3.79±0.58 4.21±0.67 Government 3.33±0.67 3.36±0.73 3.63±0.55 4.10±0.77 Private 3.06±0.67 2.86±0.77 3.59±0.45 4.00±0.71 ANOVA F=(3,241)=2.47, p=0.062 F=(3,241)=4.06, p=0.008* F=(3,241)=1.60, p=0.189 F=(3,241)=0.978, p=0.404 Marital status Single 3.23±0.63 3.37±0.67 3.77±0.55 4.23±0.79 Married 3.41±0.64 3.36±0.73 3.75±0.57 4.18±0.66 T-test t(243)=1.74, p=0.082 t(243)=0.105, p=0.916 t(243)=0.269, p=0.789 t(243)=0.461, p=0.645 Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). *Significance level at 0.05. †General education include primary, secondary, and high school education. ANOVA: analysis of variance
Variables β R2 F P-values Self-care behaviors (total score) Gender 0.093 Age 2.35 Disease duration in years 0.005 Hospital admission(s) 0.026 0.053 1.891 0.072 Number of family members 0.006 Education 0.131 Employment 0.233 Maintenance Gender 0.008 Age 0.004 Disease duration in years 0.002 Hospital admission(s) 0.005 0.021 0.736 0.640 Number of family members 0.002 Education 0.117 Employment 0.160 Confidence 1.84 0.153 43.7 0.000 Monitoring Gender 0.098 Age 0.004 Disease duration in years 0.007 Hospital admission(s) 0.085 0.082 3.027 0.005 Number of family members 0.014 Education 0.27 Employment 0.348 Confidence 1.141 0.260 85.6 0.000 Management Gender 0.173 Age 0.001 Disease duration in years 0.005 Hospital admission(s) 0.001 0.041 1.437 0.191 Number of family members 0.007 Education 0.038 Employment 0.193 Confidence 2.148 0.219 68.314 0.000
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