Complications of endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia

Abdulmajeed Alharbi; Fahad Alhussain; Abduljabbar Alyamani; Majed Aljohani; Abdullah Alsergani; Mashal AbaAlkhail; Ahmed Alsayed; Mohammad Aloulah; Abdulaziz Alrasheed; Surayie Aldousary; Saud Alromaih; Ahmad Alroqi; Saad Alsaleh

doi:10.15537/smj.2023.44.6.20230911

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Table 1

- Socio-demographic profile and diagnosis of the patients (N=1395).

Charactaristics	n	(%)
Gender
Male	871	62.40
Female	511	36.60
Undocumented	13	0.90
Nationality
Saudi	1301	93.30
Non-Saudi	81	5.80
Undocumented	13	0.90
Smoking status
Smoker	112	8.00
Non-smoker	1283	92.00
Age
Mean	36.12
Minimum	7
Maximum	77
Range	70
Standard deviation	13
Diagnosis
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis	782	56.1
Chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis	377	27
Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis	191	13.7
Isolated sinusitis	23	1.6
Antrochoanal polyp	22	1.6

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Table 2

- Complications profile of the patients (N=1395).

Questions	n	%
Intracranial complication
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak	1	0.10
Orbital complication
Orbital hematoma	2	0.10
Hemorrhagic complication
Epistaxis	4	0.30
General complication
Synechia	22	1.60
Aspiration pneumonia / pneumonitis	2	0.10

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Table 3

- Factors associated with incidence of complications post-op.

Variables	Incidence of complication post-op		P-value
Variables	No	Yes	P-value
Age (mean, standard deviation)	36.09±13	37.52±13.41	0.560
Gender (n, %)			0.676
Male	851 (97.7)	20 (2.3)
Female	501 (98)	10 (2.0)
Nationality (n, %)			0.329
Saudi	1274 (97.9)	27 (2.1)
Non-Saudi	78 (96.3)	3 (3.7)
Smoking status (n, %)			0.339
Smoker	111 (99.1)	1 (0.9)
Non-smoker	1254 (97.7)	29 (2.3)
Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (n, %)			0.765
Yes	61 (98.4)	1 (1.6)
No	1304 (97.8)	29 (2.2)
Asthma (n, %)			0.550
Yes	387 (97.5)	10 (2.5)
No	978 (98)	20 (2.0)
Allergic rhinitis (n, %)			0.090
Yes	209 (96.3)	8 (3.7)
No	1156 (98.1)	22 (1.9)
Diabetes (n, %)			0.161
Yes	62 (95.4)	3 (4.6)
No	1303 (98)	27 (2)
Hypertension (n, %)			0.751
Yes	73 (97.3)	2 (2.7)
No	1292 (97.9)	28 (2.1)
Medically free (n, %)			0.074
Yes	1162 (98.1)	22 (1.9)
No	203 (96.3)	8 (3.8)
Diagnosis			0.624
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis	366 (97.1)	11 (2.9)
Chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis	763 (97.6)	19 (2.4)
Primary surgeon (n, %)			0.303
Rhinologist	1247 (97.7)	29 (2.3)
Non-rhinologist	118 (99.2)	1 (0.8)
Starting time of the operation (n, %)			0.037*
Morning	879 (97.2)	25 (2.8)
Afternoon	473 (99.0)	5 (1.0)
Extent of surgery (n, %)			0.518
Minimal endoscopic sinus surgery	440 (98.2)	8 (1.8)
Full house	925 (97.7)	22 (2.3)
Laterality (n, %)			0.049*
Unilateral	156 (100)	0 (0)
Bilateral	1209 (97.6)	30 (2.4)
CT guidance (n, %)			0.381
Used	1148 (97.7)	27 (2.3)
Not used	217 (98.6)	3 (1.4)
Type of surgery (n, %)			0.137
Primary	1076 (97.6)	27 (2.4)
Revision	289 (99.0)	3 (1.0)
Septoplasty (n, %)			0.056
Done	715 (97.1)	21 (2.9)
Not done	650 (98.6)	9 (1.4)
Actual surgery duration (in minutes) (mean, standard deviation)	190.04±74.63	222.17±70.03	0.022*
Post-op length of stay (in days) (mean, standard deviation)	0.78±0.56	1.17±1.09	< 0.001*
Total Lund Mucky Score (mean, standard deviation)	13.8±7.23	11.23±6.80	0.054
*Significant at level 0.05