Epidemiology of pediatric trauma in Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An observational cohort study

Mansour M. Almalki; Mohammed E. Almalki; Nedaa Alsulaimani; Shahad Tariq; Taif Alqahtani; Fawaz Baalaraj; Mohammed Ageel

doi:10.15537/smj.2023.44.8.20230292

References

1.↵
1. Alomani H,
2. Fareed A,
3. Ibrahim H,
4. Shaltoot A,
5. Elhalawany A,
6. Alhajjaj M, et al.
Pediatric trauma at a single center in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med 2021; 41: 165–170.
OpenUrl
2.↵
1. Peden M,
2. Oyegbite K,
3. Ozanne-Smith J,
4. Hyder AA,
5. Branche C,
6. Rahman AF, et al.
1. Peden M,
2. Oyegbite K,
3. Ozanne-Smith J et al.
World Report on Child Injury Prevention - PubMed - NCBI. Peden M, Oyegbite K, Ozanne-Smith J, Hyder AA, Branche C, Rahman AF, et al., editors. Geneva: World Health Organization 2008; 31–56.
3.↵
General Authority for Statistics. Chapter 01 | Population & Demography | General Authority for Statistics. [Updated 2019; Accessed 2019 April 1]. Available from: https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/1007-0
4.↵
1. Alghnam S,
2. Alkelya M,
3. Al-Bedah K,
4. Al-Enazi S.
Burden of traumatic injuries in Saudi Arabia: lessons from a major trauma registry in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med 2014; 34: 291–296.
OpenUrl PubMed
5.↵
1. Almuneef M,
2. Saleheen H,
3. AlBuhairan F,
4. Al-Eissa M,
5. Al Muntaser M,
6. Al Alem H, et al.
Child mortality in Saudi Arabia: Time for action at all levels. Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med 2021; 8: 165–171.
OpenUrl
6.↵
1. Albedewi H,
2. Al-Saud N,
3. Kashkary A,
4. Al-Qunaibet A,
5. AlBalawi SM,
6. Alghnam S.
Epidemiology of childhood injuries in Saudi Arabia: a scoping review. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21.
7.↵
1. Abbafati C,
2. Abbas KM,
3. Abbasi-Kangevari M,
4. Abd-Allah F,
5. Abdelalim A,
6. Abdollahi M, et al.
Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2020; 396: 1223–1249.
OpenUrl
8.↵
1. Mohamed AS,
2. Sagna A,
3. Fall M,
4. Ndoye NA,
5. Mbaye PA,
6. Fall AL, et al.
Les accidents de la vie courante chez l’enfant à Dakar: à propos de 201 cas. PAMJ 2017; 27: 272.
OpenUrl
9.↵
1. Waters PM.
2. Skaggs DL,
3. John M.
4. Flynn JM
. Rockwood and Wilkins Fractures in Children. 9th edition, Sacks DO, Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Netherland: 2019. pp. 1224.
10.↵
1. Mehmood A,
2. Agrawal P,
3. Allen KA,
4. Al-Kashmiri A,
5. Al-Busaidi A,
6. Hyder AA.
Childhood injuries in Oman: retrospective review of a multicentre trauma registry data. BMJ Paediatr Open 2018; 2: e000310.
OpenUrl
11.↵
1. Liu JC,
2. Ismael AA,
3. Zaidi A,
4. Sha’ban BW,
5. Almutawa SE,
6. Chatha AA, et al.
Epidemiology of pediatric trauma in the Kingdom of Bahrain: a national pediatric trauma registry pilot study. Inj Epidemiol 2021; 8: 42.
OpenUrl
12.↵
1. Alyafei KA,
2. Toaimah F,
3. El Menyar A,
4. Al Thani H,
5. Youssef B,
6. Mollazehi M, et al.
Analysis of pediatric trauma data from a hospital based trauma registry in Qatar. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci 2023; 5: 21.
OpenUrl
13.↵
1. AlAteeq MA,
2. Alsulayhim AK,
3. AlHargan F,
4. AlSamaani IS,
5. Alyousef M,
6. AlDossari A, et al.
Morbidity Patterns of Non-Traffic Unintentional Injuries Among the Pediatric Age Group Attending the Emergency Department at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2020; 12: e9258.
OpenUrl
14.
1. Alhabdan S,
2. Zamakhshary M,
3. Alnaimi M,
4. Mandora H,
5. Alhamdan M,
6. Al-Bedah K, et al.
Epidemiology of traumatic head injury in children and adolescents in a major trauma center in Saudi Arabia: implications for injury prevention. Ann Saudi Med 2013; 33: 52–56.
OpenUrl
15.↵
1. Naqvi G,
2. Johansson G,
3. Yip G,
4. Rehm A,
5. Carrothers A,
6. Stöhr K. Mechanisms
, patterns and outcomes of paediatric polytrauma in a UK major trauma centre. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2017; 99: 39–45.
OpenUrl
16.↵
1. Alnasser A,
2. Othman A,
3. Mobaireek O,
4. Alharthy N,
5. Aljerian N,
6. Al Zamel H, et al.
Epidemiology of pediatric trauma at a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2018; 9: 247–251.
OpenUrl
17.↵
1. Oliver J,
2. Avraham J,
3. Frangos S,
4. Tomita S,
5. DiMaggio C.
The Epidemiology of Inpatient Pediatric Trauma in United States Hospitals 2000 to 2011. J Pediatr Surg 2018; 53: 758–764.
OpenUrl
18.↵
1. Stanley, T.,
2. Misra, M.
1. Bowden, S.A.
Multiple Fractures. In: Stanley, T., Misra, M. (eds) Endocrine Conditions in Pediatrics. Springer, Cham: 2021. pp 23–27.
19.↵
1. Karepov Y,
2. Kozyrev DA,
3. Benifla M,
4. Shapira V,
5. Constantini S,
6. Roth J.
E-bike-related cranial injuries in pediatric population. Childs Nerv Syst 2019; 35: 1393–136.
OpenUrl
20.↵
1. Thinnes R,
2. Swanson MB,
3. Wetjen K,
4. Harland KK,
5. Mohr NM.
Preferences for Emergency medical service transport after childhood injury: An emergency department-based mixed methods study. Injury 2020; 51: 1961–1969.
OpenUrl
21.↵
1. Nesje E,
2. Valøy NN,
3. Krüger AJ,
4. Uleberg O.
Epidemiology of paediatric trauma in Norway: A single-trauma centre observational study. Int J Emerg Med 2019; 12: 1–10.
OpenUrl PubMed
22.↵
1. Alghnam S,
2. Towhari JA,
3. Al Babtain I,
4. Al Nahdi M,
5. Aldebasi MH,
6. Alyami M, et al.
The associations between injury mechanism and extended hospital stay among pediatric patients: Findings from a trauma center in Saudi Arabia. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19: 1–8.
OpenUrl
23.↵
1. Alghnam S,
2. Jastaniah E,
3. Alwahaibi W,
4. Albabtain IT,
5. Alqublan S,
6. Bajwaiber M, et al.
The prevalence of head and facial injuries among children in Saudi Arabia following road traffic crashes. Ann Saudi Med 2020; 40: 417–424.
OpenUrl
24.
1. Donaldson LJ,
2. Reckless IP,
3. Scholes S,
4. Mindell JS,
5. Shelton NJ.
The epidemiology of fractures in England. J Epidemiol Community Health 2008; 62: 174–180.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text
25.↵
1. Ansari S,
2. Akhdar F,
3. Mandoorah M,
4. Moutaery K.
Causes and effects of road traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia. Public Health 200; 114: 37–39.
26.↵
Yousefzadeh chabok S, Ranjbar taklimie F, Malekpouri R, Razzaghi A. Predicting mortality, hospital length of stay and need for surgery in pediatric trauma patients. Chin J Traumatol 2017; 20: 339–342.
OpenUrl CrossRef
27.↵
1. Barcellos LG,
2. Da Silva APP,
3. Piva JP,
4. Rech L,
5. Brondani TG.
Characteristics and outcome of burned children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva 2018; 30: 333–337.
OpenUrl
28.↵
1. Ahmad M.
Pakistani experience of childhood burns in a private setup. Ann Burns Fire Disasters 2010; 23: 25.
OpenUrl PubMed
29.↵
1. Keswani MH.
The prevention of burning injury. Burns Incl Therm Inj 1986; 12: 533–539.
OpenUrl PubMed
30.↵
1. Brooks NC,
2. Song J,
3. Boehning D,
4. Kraft R,
5. Finnerty CC,
6. Herndon DN, et al.
Propranolol Improves Impaired Hepatic Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling after Burn Injury. Mol Med 2012; 18: 707–711.
OpenUrl PubMed
31.↵
1. Mack KA,
2. Liller KD,
3. Baldwin G,
4. Sleet D.
Preventing unintentional injuries in the home using the health impact pyramid. Health Educ Behav 2015; 42: 115S–122S.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
32.↵
National Technical Infomation Service. Results of the National Child Restraint Use Special Study Results of the National Child Restraint Use Special Study 13. [Updated 2015: 2019 April 1]. Availble from: https://www.ntis.gov./
33.↵
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Effectiveness of Child Passenger Safety Information for the Safe Transportation of Children. [Updated 2013; 2019 April 1]. Availble from: https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/812245-effective-cps-safety-info.pdf

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Keywords

[1] 1.↵
Alomani H,
Fareed A,
Ibrahim H,
Shaltoot A,
Elhalawany A,
Alhajjaj M, et al.
Pediatric trauma at a single center in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med 2021; 41: 165–170.
OpenUrl

[2] Alomani H,

[3] Fareed A,

[4] Ibrahim H,

[5] Shaltoot A,

[6] Elhalawany A,

[7] Alhajjaj M, et al.

[8] 2.↵
Peden M,
Oyegbite K,
Ozanne-Smith J,
Hyder AA,
Branche C,
Rahman AF, et al.
Peden M,
Oyegbite K,
Ozanne-Smith J et al.
World Report on Child Injury Prevention - PubMed - NCBI. Peden M, Oyegbite K, Ozanne-Smith J, Hyder AA, Branche C, Rahman AF, et al., editors. Geneva: World Health Organization 2008; 31–56.

[9] Peden M,

[10] Oyegbite K,

[11] Ozanne-Smith J,

[12] Hyder AA,

[13] Branche C,

[14] Rahman AF, et al.

[15] Peden M,

[16] Oyegbite K,

[17] Ozanne-Smith J et al.

[18] 3.↵
General Authority for Statistics. Chapter 01 | Population & Demography | General Authority for Statistics. [Updated 2019; Accessed 2019 April 1]. Available from: https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/1007-0

[19] 4.↵
Alghnam S,
Alkelya M,
Al-Bedah K,
Al-Enazi S.
Burden of traumatic injuries in Saudi Arabia: lessons from a major trauma registry in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med 2014; 34: 291–296.
OpenUrl PubMed

[20] Alghnam S,

[21] Alkelya M,

[22] Al-Bedah K,

[23] Al-Enazi S.

[24] 5.↵
Almuneef M,
Saleheen H,
AlBuhairan F,
Al-Eissa M,
Al Muntaser M,
Al Alem H, et al.
Child mortality in Saudi Arabia: Time for action at all levels. Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med 2021; 8: 165–171.
OpenUrl

[25] Almuneef M,

[26] Saleheen H,

[27] AlBuhairan F,

[28] Al-Eissa M,

[29] Al Muntaser M,

[30] Al Alem H, et al.

[31] 6.↵
Albedewi H,
Al-Saud N,
Kashkary A,
Al-Qunaibet A,
AlBalawi SM,
Alghnam S.
Epidemiology of childhood injuries in Saudi Arabia: a scoping review. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21.

[32] Albedewi H,

[33] Al-Saud N,

[34] Kashkary A,

[35] Al-Qunaibet A,

[36] AlBalawi SM,

[37] Alghnam S.

[38] 7.↵
Abbafati C,
Abbas KM,
Abbasi-Kangevari M,
Abd-Allah F,
Abdelalim A,
Abdollahi M, et al.
Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2020; 396: 1223–1249.
OpenUrl

[39] Abbafati C,

[40] Abbas KM,

[41] Abbasi-Kangevari M,

[42] Abd-Allah F,

[43] Abdelalim A,

[44] Abdollahi M, et al.

[45] 8.↵
Mohamed AS,
Sagna A,
Fall M,
Ndoye NA,
Mbaye PA,
Fall AL, et al.
Les accidents de la vie courante chez l’enfant à Dakar: à propos de 201 cas. PAMJ 2017; 27: 272.
OpenUrl

[46] Mohamed AS,

[47] Sagna A,

[48] Fall M,

[49] Ndoye NA,

[50] Mbaye PA,

[51] Fall AL, et al.

[52] 9.↵
Waters PM.
Skaggs DL,
John M.
Flynn JM
. Rockwood and Wilkins Fractures in Children. 9th edition, Sacks DO, Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Netherland: 2019. pp. 1224.

[53] Waters PM.

[54] Skaggs DL,

[55] John M.

[56] Flynn JM

[57] 10.↵
Mehmood A,
Agrawal P,
Allen KA,
Al-Kashmiri A,
Al-Busaidi A,
Hyder AA.
Childhood injuries in Oman: retrospective review of a multicentre trauma registry data. BMJ Paediatr Open 2018; 2: e000310.
OpenUrl

[58] Mehmood A,

[59] Agrawal P,

[60] Allen KA,

[61] Al-Kashmiri A,

[62] Al-Busaidi A,

[63] Hyder AA.

[64] 11.↵
Liu JC,
Ismael AA,
Zaidi A,
Sha’ban BW,
Almutawa SE,
Chatha AA, et al.
Epidemiology of pediatric trauma in the Kingdom of Bahrain: a national pediatric trauma registry pilot study. Inj Epidemiol 2021; 8: 42.
OpenUrl

[65] Liu JC,

[66] Ismael AA,

[67] Zaidi A,

[68] Sha’ban BW,

[69] Almutawa SE,

[70] Chatha AA, et al.

[71] 12.↵
Alyafei KA,
Toaimah F,
El Menyar A,
Al Thani H,
Youssef B,
Mollazehi M, et al.
Analysis of pediatric trauma data from a hospital based trauma registry in Qatar. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci 2023; 5: 21.
OpenUrl

[72] Alyafei KA,

[73] Toaimah F,

[74] El Menyar A,

[75] Al Thani H,

[76] Youssef B,

[77] Mollazehi M, et al.

[78] 13.↵
AlAteeq MA,
Alsulayhim AK,
AlHargan F,
AlSamaani IS,
Alyousef M,
AlDossari A, et al.
Morbidity Patterns of Non-Traffic Unintentional Injuries Among the Pediatric Age Group Attending the Emergency Department at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2020; 12: e9258.
OpenUrl

[79] AlAteeq MA,

[80] Alsulayhim AK,

[81] AlHargan F,

[82] AlSamaani IS,

[83] Alyousef M,

[84] AlDossari A, et al.

[85] 14.
Alhabdan S,
Zamakhshary M,
Alnaimi M,
Mandora H,
Alhamdan M,
Al-Bedah K, et al.
Epidemiology of traumatic head injury in children and adolescents in a major trauma center in Saudi Arabia: implications for injury prevention. Ann Saudi Med 2013; 33: 52–56.
OpenUrl

[86] Alhabdan S,

[87] Zamakhshary M,

[88] Alnaimi M,

[89] Mandora H,

[90] Alhamdan M,

[91] Al-Bedah K, et al.

[92] 15.↵
Naqvi G,
Johansson G,
Yip G,
Rehm A,
Carrothers A,
Stöhr K. Mechanisms
, patterns and outcomes of paediatric polytrauma in a UK major trauma centre. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2017; 99: 39–45.
OpenUrl

[93] Naqvi G,

[94] Johansson G,

[95] Yip G,

[96] Rehm A,

[97] Carrothers A,

[98] Stöhr K. Mechanisms

[99] 16.↵
Alnasser A,
Othman A,
Mobaireek O,
Alharthy N,
Aljerian N,
Al Zamel H, et al.
Epidemiology of pediatric trauma at a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2018; 9: 247–251.
OpenUrl

[100] Alnasser A,

[101] Othman A,

[102] Mobaireek O,

[103] Alharthy N,

[104] Aljerian N,

[105] Al Zamel H, et al.

[106] 17.↵
Oliver J,
Avraham J,
Frangos S,
Tomita S,
DiMaggio C.
The Epidemiology of Inpatient Pediatric Trauma in United States Hospitals 2000 to 2011. J Pediatr Surg 2018; 53: 758–764.
OpenUrl

[107] Oliver J,

[108] Avraham J,

[109] Frangos S,

[110] Tomita S,

[111] DiMaggio C.

[112] 18.↵
Stanley, T.,
Misra, M.
Bowden, S.A.
Multiple Fractures. In: Stanley, T., Misra, M. (eds) Endocrine Conditions in Pediatrics. Springer, Cham: 2021. pp 23–27.

[113] Stanley, T.,

[114] Misra, M.

[115] Bowden, S.A.

[116] 19.↵
Karepov Y,
Kozyrev DA,
Benifla M,
Shapira V,
Constantini S,
Roth J.
E-bike-related cranial injuries in pediatric population. Childs Nerv Syst 2019; 35: 1393–136.
OpenUrl

[117] Karepov Y,

[118] Kozyrev DA,

[119] Benifla M,

[120] Shapira V,

[121] Constantini S,

[122] Roth J.

[123] 20.↵
Thinnes R,
Swanson MB,
Wetjen K,
Harland KK,
Mohr NM.
Preferences for Emergency medical service transport after childhood injury: An emergency department-based mixed methods study. Injury 2020; 51: 1961–1969.
OpenUrl

[124] Thinnes R,

[125] Swanson MB,

[126] Wetjen K,

[127] Harland KK,

[128] Mohr NM.

[129] 21.↵
Nesje E,
Valøy NN,
Krüger AJ,
Uleberg O.
Epidemiology of paediatric trauma in Norway: A single-trauma centre observational study. Int J Emerg Med 2019; 12: 1–10.
OpenUrl PubMed

[130] Nesje E,

[131] Valøy NN,

[132] Krüger AJ,

[133] Uleberg O.

[134] 22.↵
Alghnam S,
Towhari JA,
Al Babtain I,
Al Nahdi M,
Aldebasi MH,
Alyami M, et al.
The associations between injury mechanism and extended hospital stay among pediatric patients: Findings from a trauma center in Saudi Arabia. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19: 1–8.
OpenUrl

[135] Alghnam S,

[136] Towhari JA,

[137] Al Babtain I,

[138] Al Nahdi M,

[139] Aldebasi MH,

[140] Alyami M, et al.

[141] 23.↵
Alghnam S,
Jastaniah E,
Alwahaibi W,
Albabtain IT,
Alqublan S,
Bajwaiber M, et al.
The prevalence of head and facial injuries among children in Saudi Arabia following road traffic crashes. Ann Saudi Med 2020; 40: 417–424.
OpenUrl

[142] Alghnam S,

[143] Jastaniah E,

[144] Alwahaibi W,

[145] Albabtain IT,

[146] Alqublan S,

[147] Bajwaiber M, et al.

[148] 24.
Donaldson LJ,
Reckless IP,
Scholes S,
Mindell JS,
Shelton NJ.
The epidemiology of fractures in England. J Epidemiol Community Health 2008; 62: 174–180.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[149] Donaldson LJ,

[150] Reckless IP,

[151] Scholes S,

[152] Mindell JS,

[153] Shelton NJ.

[154] 25.↵
Ansari S,
Akhdar F,
Mandoorah M,
Moutaery K.
Causes and effects of road traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia. Public Health 200; 114: 37–39.

[155] Ansari S,

[156] Akhdar F,

[157] Mandoorah M,

[158] Moutaery K.

[159] 26.↵
Yousefzadeh chabok S, Ranjbar taklimie F, Malekpouri R, Razzaghi A. Predicting mortality, hospital length of stay and need for surgery in pediatric trauma patients. Chin J Traumatol 2017; 20: 339–342.
OpenUrl CrossRef

[160] 27.↵
Barcellos LG,
Da Silva APP,
Piva JP,
Rech L,
Brondani TG.
Characteristics and outcome of burned children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva 2018; 30: 333–337.
OpenUrl

[161] Barcellos LG,

[162] Da Silva APP,

[163] Piva JP,

[164] Rech L,

[165] Brondani TG.

[166] 28.↵
Ahmad M.
Pakistani experience of childhood burns in a private setup. Ann Burns Fire Disasters 2010; 23: 25.
OpenUrl PubMed

[167] Ahmad M.

[168] 29.↵
Keswani MH.
The prevention of burning injury. Burns Incl Therm Inj 1986; 12: 533–539.
OpenUrl PubMed

[169] Keswani MH.

[170] 30.↵
Brooks NC,
Song J,
Boehning D,
Kraft R,
Finnerty CC,
Herndon DN, et al.
Propranolol Improves Impaired Hepatic Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling after Burn Injury. Mol Med 2012; 18: 707–711.
OpenUrl PubMed

[171] Brooks NC,

[172] Song J,

[173] Boehning D,

[174] Kraft R,

[175] Finnerty CC,

[176] Herndon DN, et al.

[177] 31.↵
Mack KA,
Liller KD,
Baldwin G,
Sleet D.
Preventing unintentional injuries in the home using the health impact pyramid. Health Educ Behav 2015; 42: 115S–122S.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[178] Mack KA,

[179] Liller KD,

[180] Baldwin G,

[181] Sleet D.

[182] 32.↵
National Technical Infomation Service. Results of the National Child Restraint Use Special Study Results of the National Child Restraint Use Special Study 13. [Updated 2015: 2019 April 1]. Availble from: https://www.ntis.gov./

[183] 33.↵
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Effectiveness of Child Passenger Safety Information for the Safe Transportation of Children. [Updated 2013; 2019 April 1]. Availble from: https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/812245-effective-cps-safety-info.pdf

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An observational cohort study

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Epidemiology of pediatric trauma in Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

An observational cohort study

References

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CONTENT

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