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Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Hematological malignancies

Prevalence and hematological characteristics in a single center in southern Saudi Arabia

Adil M. Alshahrani, Omayma S Bakheet, Mohammed H. Makkawi and Sultan Z. Alasmari
Saudi Medical Journal March 2024, 45 (3) 295-306; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2024.45.3.20230776
Adil M. Alshahrani
From the Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank (Adil, Omayma), Aseer Central Hospital; and from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Mohammed, Sultan), Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MSc
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Omayma S Bakheet
From the Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank (Adil, Omayma), Aseer Central Hospital; and from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Mohammed, Sultan), Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MBBS, DPath
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Mohammed H. Makkawi
From the Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank (Adil, Omayma), Aseer Central Hospital; and from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Mohammed, Sultan), Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MSc, PhD
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Sultan Z. Alasmari
From the Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank (Adil, Omayma), Aseer Central Hospital; and from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Mohammed, Sultan), Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MSc, PhD
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  • ORCID record for Sultan Z. Alasmari
  • For correspondence: [email protected]
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  • Figure 1
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    Figure 1

    - Comparison of CBC parameters between patients with (A) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and (B) chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) and control groups. The total sample comprised 106 leukemic patients and 100 controls. Evaluated parameters include white blood cells (WBC), platelets (PLTs), hemoglobin (HB), red blood cells (RBCs), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW), and mean platelet volume (MPV). *p<0.05, ***p<0.001

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    Figure 2

    - Comparison of CBC parameters between patients with (A) acute myeloid leukemia (AML), (B) B-cell acute lymphoid leukemia (B-ALL), and (C) T-cell acute lymphoid leukemia (T-ALL) and control groups. The total sample included 106 leukemic patients with 100 controls. Evaluated parameters include white blood cells (WBC), platelets (PLTs), hemoglobin (HB), red blood cells (RBCs), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW), and mean platelet volume (MPV).*p<0.05, ***p<0.001.

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    Figure 3

    - Comparison of liver and kidney function tests between patients with (A) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and (B) chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) and control groups. The total sample includes 106 leukemic patients with 100 controls. Evaluated parameters include creatinine (CREA), total bilirubin (T. Bilirubin), direct bilirubin (D. Bilirubin), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (T. Protein), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.

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    Figure 4

    - Comparison of liver and kidney function tests between patients with (A) acute myeloid leukemia (AML), (B) B-cell acute lymphoid leukemia (B-ALL), and (C) T-cell acute lymphoid leukemia (T-ALL) and control groups. The total sample includes 106 leukemic patients with 100 controls. Evaluated parameters include creatinine (CREA), total bilirubin (T. Bilirubin), direct bilirubin (D. Bilirubin), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (T. Protein), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.

  • Figure 5
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    Figure 5

    - Comparison of coagulation profiles between patients with (A) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), (B) acute myeloid leukemia (AML), (C) chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL), (D) B-cell acute lymphoid leukemia(B-ALL), and (E) T-cell acute lymphoid leukemia (T-ALL) and control groups. The total sample includes 106 leukemic patients with 100 controls. Sig: ***p<0.001. PT: prothrombin time, APTT: activated partial thromboplastin, INR: international normalized ratio

Tables

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    Table 1

    - Distribution of leukemia cases by gender, type, and subtype among children aged 14 years or younger from 2012 to 2022.

    Leukemia subtypeMaleFemaleTotal
    ALL7 (70)3 (30)10 (30.3)
    CML5 (100)0 (0)5 (15.1)
    ALL-L24 (80)1 (20)5 (15.1)
    AML0 (0)2 (100)2 (6)
    CLL2 (100)0 (0)2 (6)
    ALL-L32 (100)0 (0)2 (6)
    AML-M40 (0)2 (100)2 (6)
    AML-M31 (100)0 (0)1 (3)
    ALL-L11 (100)0 (0)1 (3)
    AML-M21 (100)0 (0)1 (3)
    AML-M71 (100)0 (0)1 (3)
    AML-M11 (100)0 (0)1 (3)
    TOTAL25 (75.7)8 (24.2)33 (100)

    Values are presented as numbers and percentages (%). ALL: acute lymphoid leukemia, CML: chronic myeloid leukemia, AML: acute myeloid leukemia

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      Table 2

      - Distribution of leukemia cases by gender, type, and subtype among adults aged 15 years or older from 2012 to 2022.

      Leukemia subtypeMaleFemaleTotal
      CML43 (64.1)24 (35.8)67 (37.8)
      AML23 (65.7)12 (34.2)35 (19.7)
      CLL10 (43.4)13 (56.5)23 (12.9)
      B-ALL9 (45.0)11 (55.0)20 (11.2)
      ALL6 (66.6)3 (33.3)9 (5)
      ALL-L25 (62.5)3 (37.5)8 (4.5)
      AML-M32 (40)3 (60)5 (2.8)
      T-ALL1 (33.3)2 (66.7)3 (1.6)
      ALL-L31 (50)1 (50)2 (1.2)
      AML-M401 (100)1 (0.5)
      ALL-L11 (100)01 (0.5)
      AML-M21 (100)01 (0.5)
      AML-M71 (100)01 (0.5)
      AML-M51 (100)01 (0.5)
      TOTAL104 (58.7)73 (41.2)177 (100)

      Values are presented as numbers and percentages (%). ALL: acute lymphoid leukemia, CML: chronic myeloid leukemia, AML: acute myeloid leukemia

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      Saudi Medical Journal: 45 (3)
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      1 Mar 2024
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      Hematological malignancies
      Adil M. Alshahrani, Omayma S Bakheet, Mohammed H. Makkawi, Sultan Z. Alasmari
      Saudi Medical Journal Mar 2024, 45 (3) 295-306; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2024.45.3.20230776

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      Hematological malignancies
      Adil M. Alshahrani, Omayma S Bakheet, Mohammed H. Makkawi, Sultan Z. Alasmari
      Saudi Medical Journal Mar 2024, 45 (3) 295-306; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2024.45.3.20230776
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      Keywords

      • hematological malignancies
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