Cochlear implantation at King Abdallah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia: Single institution experience, a 5-years retrospective analysis

Shatha Y. Alqahtani; Shuruq M. Almasoudi; Zohour A. Almalki; Khalid M. Badr; Saeed A. Alghamdi; Fares E. Alghamdi

doi:10.15537/smj.2025.46.2.20240770

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Table 1

- Distribution of studied patients according to their demographics, comorbidity and family history of hearing loss (N=33).

Variable	n (%)
Age (mean 9 years, 108 months)
Pediatric (mean 3 years, 36 months)	108 (81.2)
Adult (mean 36 years, 432 months)	25 (18.8)
Gender
Female	58 (43.6)
Male	75 (56.4)
Nationality
Non-Saudi	5 (3.8)
Saudi	128 (96.2)
Residency
From Makkah	67 (50.4)
From outside Makkah	66 (49.6)
Comorbidity
No	77 (74.0)
Yes	27 (26.0)
If having comorbidity, specify ?(n=27)
Sudden sensory neural hearing loss (SSNHL)	5 (3.8)
Consanguinity	10 (7.5)
Cochlear implantation	24 (18)
Cardiac disease	7 (5.3)
Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD)	3 (2.3)
Enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome (EVAS)	3 (2.3)
Epilepsy	2 (1.5)
Pierre Roben sequel	4 (3.0)
Cogan syndrome	2 (1.6)
Other	26 (19.5)
Family history of hearing loss
No	107 (80.5)
Yes	26 (19.5)

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Table 2

- Distribution of studied patients according to peri natal history, vaccination status, auditory brainstem response (ABR)– pure-tone audiometry (PTA) (N=133).

Variable	n (%)
Abnormal perinatal history
No	109 (82)
Yes	24 (18)
If abnormal perinatal history, specify: (n=24)
Birth asphyxia	4 (16.6)
Infection during pregnancy	4 (16.6)
NICU admission	17 (70.8)
Cytomegalovirus	2 (8.3)
High grade fever and meningitis	3 (12.5)
Prematurity	5 (20.8)
Congenital anomaly	4 (16.6)
Vaccination status
Needing vaccines pre-operative	28 (21.1)
Vaccinated up to date at time of presentation	105 (78.9)
ABR – PTA
Bilateral profound SNHL	97 (72.9)
Bilateral severe to profound SNHL	1 (0.8)
Bilateral severe to profound SNHL with DLD	2 (1.5)
Bilateral total hearing loss	5 (3.8)
Bilateral total SNHL	19 (14.3)
Left total hearing loss and right moderately severe hearing loss	1 (0.8)
Right profound SNHL and left total SNHL	2 (1.5)
Right severe SNHL and left severe to profound SNHL	2 (1.5)
Right side had channels working and open circuit	1 (0.8)
Right total hearing loss and left severe MHL with excellent speech	1 (0.8)
Right total SNHL	1 (0.8)

NICU: neonatal intensive care unit, DLD: Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, SNHL: sensory neural hearing loss

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Table 3

- Distribution of studied patients according to case, unplanted side, and cochlear implant (CI) company (N=133).

Variable	n (%)
Primary versus revision
Revision case	5 (3.8)
Primary case	128 (96.3)
Implanted side
Bilateral simultaneous	50 (37.6)
Left	34 (25.6)
Right	49 (36.8)
CI company
AB	10 (7.5)
Cochlear	38 (28.6)
Medel	85 (63.9)

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Table 4

- Distribution of studied patients according to intraoperative and postoperative complications (N=133).

Variable	n (%)
Intraoperative complications
No	126 (94.7)
Yes	7 (5.3)
Electrode insertion difficulty	1
Procedure termination due to perforated tympanic membrane	1
Difficulty visualizing the round window	2
Fibrosis of the round window post-meningitis	2
Moderate gusher	1
Post-operative complications
No	122 (91.7)
Yes	11 (8.3)
Forehead trauma	1
Delayed wound healing	1
Wound infection	2
Wound dehiscence	1
Postoperative vertigo, nausea, and vomiting	2
Ear infection	2
Facial nerve palsy	2

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Table 5
- The follow-up and tele-practice during the COVID crisis.
Variable n (%)
Follow-up
No 8 (6.0)
Yes 125 (94.0)
Tele-practice
No 108 (81.3)
Yes 25 (18.8)