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Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Impact of dietary intake on brain choline levels

A 3 Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

Halima Hawesa, Mayar Alghumaiz, Renad Alghamdi, Nourah Alrabiah, Bayader Alfaifi, Hind Allam, Mahasin Gamalalddin, Haya Alshegri and Mansour Shanawani
Saudi Medical Journal March 2025, 46 (3) 254-260; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2025.46.3.20240698
Halima Hawesa
From the Department of Radiological Sciences (Hawesa, Alghumaiz, Alghamdi, Alrabiah, Alfaifi, Allam, Gamalalddin), College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, and from the Department of Radiology (Alshegri, Shanawani), King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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  • ORCID record for Halima Hawesa
  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Mayar Alghumaiz
From the Department of Radiological Sciences (Hawesa, Alghumaiz, Alghamdi, Alrabiah, Alfaifi, Allam, Gamalalddin), College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, and from the Department of Radiology (Alshegri, Shanawani), King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Renad Alghamdi
From the Department of Radiological Sciences (Hawesa, Alghumaiz, Alghamdi, Alrabiah, Alfaifi, Allam, Gamalalddin), College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, and from the Department of Radiology (Alshegri, Shanawani), King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Nourah Alrabiah
From the Department of Radiological Sciences (Hawesa, Alghumaiz, Alghamdi, Alrabiah, Alfaifi, Allam, Gamalalddin), College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, and from the Department of Radiology (Alshegri, Shanawani), King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Bayader Alfaifi
From the Department of Radiological Sciences (Hawesa, Alghumaiz, Alghamdi, Alrabiah, Alfaifi, Allam, Gamalalddin), College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, and from the Department of Radiology (Alshegri, Shanawani), King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Hind Allam
From the Department of Radiological Sciences (Hawesa, Alghumaiz, Alghamdi, Alrabiah, Alfaifi, Allam, Gamalalddin), College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, and from the Department of Radiology (Alshegri, Shanawani), King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Mahasin Gamalalddin
From the Department of Radiological Sciences (Hawesa, Alghumaiz, Alghamdi, Alrabiah, Alfaifi, Allam, Gamalalddin), College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, and from the Department of Radiology (Alshegri, Shanawani), King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Haya Alshegri
From the Department of Radiological Sciences (Hawesa, Alghumaiz, Alghamdi, Alrabiah, Alfaifi, Allam, Gamalalddin), College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, and from the Department of Radiology (Alshegri, Shanawani), King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Mansour Shanawani
From the Department of Radiological Sciences (Hawesa, Alghumaiz, Alghamdi, Alrabiah, Alfaifi, Allam, Gamalalddin), College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, and from the Department of Radiology (Alshegri, Shanawani), King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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    Figure 1

    -Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and the corresponding brain spectrum. The blue box is the volume from which the magnetic resonance spectroscopy spectrum is obtained.

  • Figure 2
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    Figure 2

    - Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and the corresponding brain spectrum. In the brain spectrum, choline (Cho) peak appears at 3.02 ppm frequency. Cho: choline, Cr: creatinine, NAA: N-acetylaspartate

Tables

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    Table 1

    - Descriptive analysis of the relative total choline concentration, estimated as the total choline/creatine ratio from the magnetic resonance spectroscopy spectrum.

    ParametersMean*Root mean squareNumbers
    Cho/Cr0.72840.7506888
    diet intake Cho28.443233.2461588

    Coefficients have been calculated through the origin.

    • ↵* The observed mean is printed. Cho: choline, Cr:creatine

    • View popup
    Table 2

    - The correlation between total choline relative concentration and dietary choline intake.

    ParametersCho/CrDiet intake Cho
    Std. cross-product
    Cho/Cr1.0000.827
    Diet intake Cho0.8271.000
    Sig. (one-tailed)
    Cho/Cr0.0000.000
    Diet intake Cho0.0000.000
    Numbers
    Cho/Cr8888
    Diet intake Cho8888

    Coefficients have been calculated through the origin. Cho: choline, Cr: creatine, Std.: standard deviation, Sig.: significance

      • View popup
      Table 3

      - The regression coefficients for the relationship between dietary choline intake and total choline relative concentration.

      ModelUnstandardized coefficientsStandardized coefficientstSig.95% confidence interval for BCorrelations
      BStd. ErrorBetaLower boundUpper boundZero-orderPartialPart
      Diet intake Cho0.0190.0010.82713.7420.0000.0160.0210.8270.8270.827

      Dependent Variable: total choline/creatine. Linear regression through the origin. Cho: choline

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      Impact of dietary intake on brain choline levels
      Halima Hawesa, Mayar Alghumaiz, Renad Alghamdi, Nourah Alrabiah, Bayader Alfaifi, Hind Allam, Mahasin Gamalalddin, Haya Alshegri, Mansour Shanawani
      Saudi Medical Journal Mar 2025, 46 (3) 254-260; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2025.46.3.20240698

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      Impact of dietary intake on brain choline levels
      Halima Hawesa, Mayar Alghumaiz, Renad Alghamdi, Nourah Alrabiah, Bayader Alfaifi, Hind Allam, Mahasin Gamalalddin, Haya Alshegri, Mansour Shanawani
      Saudi Medical Journal Mar 2025, 46 (3) 254-260; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2025.46.3.20240698
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      Keywords

      • MRS
      • brain choline
      • brain metabolism
      • liver choline
      • liver metabolism
      • dietary choices
      • Saudi young female

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