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Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Hematological parameters in recent and past dengue infections in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia

Abdulrahim Hakami, Ryhanh Tomehi, Ahmad A. Irekeola, Gasim Dobie, Sultan Alasmari, Mohammed Makkawi, Yahya Matari, Ahmed Mohammed and Ahmad A. Alshehri
Saudi Medical Journal May 2025, 46 (5) 515-521; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2025.46.5.20240879
Abdulrahim Hakami
From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Hakami, Alasmari, Makkawi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, from the Department of Microbiology and Virology (Tomehi), Abu Arish General Hospital, from the Department of Medical Laboratory Technology (Dobie), Jazan University, from the Department of Hematology and Blood Bank (Matari), Baish General Hospital, Jazan, from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alshehri), College of Applied Medical Sciences; from the Health Research Center (Alshehri), Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology (Irekeola), School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, from Department of Biological Sciences (Irekeola), Microbiology Unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, Kwara, Nigeria, and from the Department of Biotechnology (Mohammed), College of Sciences and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan.
MSc, PhD
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Ryhanh Tomehi
From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Hakami, Alasmari, Makkawi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, from the Department of Microbiology and Virology (Tomehi), Abu Arish General Hospital, from the Department of Medical Laboratory Technology (Dobie), Jazan University, from the Department of Hematology and Blood Bank (Matari), Baish General Hospital, Jazan, from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alshehri), College of Applied Medical Sciences; from the Health Research Center (Alshehri), Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology (Irekeola), School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, from Department of Biological Sciences (Irekeola), Microbiology Unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, Kwara, Nigeria, and from the Department of Biotechnology (Mohammed), College of Sciences and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan.
BSMLS, MSc
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Ahmad A. Irekeola
From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Hakami, Alasmari, Makkawi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, from the Department of Microbiology and Virology (Tomehi), Abu Arish General Hospital, from the Department of Medical Laboratory Technology (Dobie), Jazan University, from the Department of Hematology and Blood Bank (Matari), Baish General Hospital, Jazan, from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alshehri), College of Applied Medical Sciences; from the Health Research Center (Alshehri), Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology (Irekeola), School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, from Department of Biological Sciences (Irekeola), Microbiology Unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, Kwara, Nigeria, and from the Department of Biotechnology (Mohammed), College of Sciences and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan.
MSc, PhD
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Gasim Dobie
From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Hakami, Alasmari, Makkawi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, from the Department of Microbiology and Virology (Tomehi), Abu Arish General Hospital, from the Department of Medical Laboratory Technology (Dobie), Jazan University, from the Department of Hematology and Blood Bank (Matari), Baish General Hospital, Jazan, from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alshehri), College of Applied Medical Sciences; from the Health Research Center (Alshehri), Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology (Irekeola), School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, from Department of Biological Sciences (Irekeola), Microbiology Unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, Kwara, Nigeria, and from the Department of Biotechnology (Mohammed), College of Sciences and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan.
MSc, PhD
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Sultan Alasmari
From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Hakami, Alasmari, Makkawi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, from the Department of Microbiology and Virology (Tomehi), Abu Arish General Hospital, from the Department of Medical Laboratory Technology (Dobie), Jazan University, from the Department of Hematology and Blood Bank (Matari), Baish General Hospital, Jazan, from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alshehri), College of Applied Medical Sciences; from the Health Research Center (Alshehri), Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology (Irekeola), School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, from Department of Biological Sciences (Irekeola), Microbiology Unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, Kwara, Nigeria, and from the Department of Biotechnology (Mohammed), College of Sciences and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan.
MSc, PhD
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Mohammed Makkawi
From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Hakami, Alasmari, Makkawi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, from the Department of Microbiology and Virology (Tomehi), Abu Arish General Hospital, from the Department of Medical Laboratory Technology (Dobie), Jazan University, from the Department of Hematology and Blood Bank (Matari), Baish General Hospital, Jazan, from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alshehri), College of Applied Medical Sciences; from the Health Research Center (Alshehri), Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology (Irekeola), School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, from Department of Biological Sciences (Irekeola), Microbiology Unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, Kwara, Nigeria, and from the Department of Biotechnology (Mohammed), College of Sciences and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan.
MSc, PhD
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Yahya Matari
From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Hakami, Alasmari, Makkawi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, from the Department of Microbiology and Virology (Tomehi), Abu Arish General Hospital, from the Department of Medical Laboratory Technology (Dobie), Jazan University, from the Department of Hematology and Blood Bank (Matari), Baish General Hospital, Jazan, from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alshehri), College of Applied Medical Sciences; from the Health Research Center (Alshehri), Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology (Irekeola), School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, from Department of Biological Sciences (Irekeola), Microbiology Unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, Kwara, Nigeria, and from the Department of Biotechnology (Mohammed), College of Sciences and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan.
BSMLS
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Ahmed Mohammed
From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Hakami, Alasmari, Makkawi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, from the Department of Microbiology and Virology (Tomehi), Abu Arish General Hospital, from the Department of Medical Laboratory Technology (Dobie), Jazan University, from the Department of Hematology and Blood Bank (Matari), Baish General Hospital, Jazan, from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alshehri), College of Applied Medical Sciences; from the Health Research Center (Alshehri), Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology (Irekeola), School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, from Department of Biological Sciences (Irekeola), Microbiology Unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, Kwara, Nigeria, and from the Department of Biotechnology (Mohammed), College of Sciences and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan.
MSc, PhD
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Ahmad A. Alshehri
From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Hakami, Alasmari, Makkawi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, from the Department of Microbiology and Virology (Tomehi), Abu Arish General Hospital, from the Department of Medical Laboratory Technology (Dobie), Jazan University, from the Department of Hematology and Blood Bank (Matari), Baish General Hospital, Jazan, from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alshehri), College of Applied Medical Sciences; from the Health Research Center (Alshehri), Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology (Irekeola), School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, from Department of Biological Sciences (Irekeola), Microbiology Unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, Kwara, Nigeria, and from the Department of Biotechnology (Mohammed), College of Sciences and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan.
MSc, PhD
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  • ORCID record for Ahmad A. Alshehri
  • For correspondence: [email protected]
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  • Figure 1
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    Figure 1

    - A flowchart illustrating the study design. AGH: Abu Arish General Hospital, BCH: Baysh General Hospital, IgM: immunoglobulin M, IgG: immunoglobulin G

  • Figure 2
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    Figure 2

    - Positive controls, negative controls and cut-off values of: A) immunoglobulin M and B) immunoglobulin G. The red dotted line indicates the threshold the positive control should exceed. The green dotted line indicates the threshold the negative control should not exceed. The blue dotted lines indicate the range within which the cut-off value should be. IgM: immunoglobulin M, IgG: immunoglobulin G, OD: optical density, NC: negative control, PC: positive control

  • Figure 3
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    Figure 3

    - Comparison of 5 hematological markers in dengue virus infected patients and controls. A) Results of red blood cells; B) hemoglobin; C) white blood cells; D) hematocrit; and E) platelets.The range between the 2 dotted lines indicates the normal values (****p<0.0001, ***p<0.001, **p<0.01). RBCs: red blood cells, HGB: hemoglobin, WBCs: white blood cells, HCT: hematocrit, PLT: platelets

  • Figure 4
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    Figure 4

    - Comparison of hematological markers between recent and past infection. A) hematocrit; B) red blood cells; and C) hemoglobin. The dotted lines indicate the lower normal value. RBCs: red blood cells, IgM: immunoglobulin M, IgG: immunoglobulin G

Tables

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    Table 1

    - Seroprevalence of anti-dengue virus antibodies.

    SamplesIgM positiveIgG positive
    Abu Arish General Hospital (n=100)16 (16.0)27 (27.0)
    Baysh General Hospital (n=46)6 (13.0)10 (21.7)
    Overall (n=146)22 (15.1)37 (25.3)

    Values are presented as numbers and percentages (%). IgM: immunoglobulin M, IgG: immunoglobulin G

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    1 May 2025
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    Hematological parameters in recent and past dengue infections in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia
    Abdulrahim Hakami, Ryhanh Tomehi, Ahmad A. Irekeola, Gasim Dobie, Sultan Alasmari, Mohammed Makkawi, Yahya Matari, Ahmed Mohammed, Ahmad A. Alshehri
    Saudi Medical Journal May 2025, 46 (5) 515-521; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2025.46.5.20240879

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    Hematological parameters in recent and past dengue infections in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia
    Abdulrahim Hakami, Ryhanh Tomehi, Ahmad A. Irekeola, Gasim Dobie, Sultan Alasmari, Mohammed Makkawi, Yahya Matari, Ahmed Mohammed, Ahmad A. Alshehri
    Saudi Medical Journal May 2025, 46 (5) 515-521; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2025.46.5.20240879
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    Keywords

    • dengue
    • hematology
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