Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Prevalence of hypertension, obesity, hematuria and proteinuria amongst healthy adolescents living in Western Saudi Arabia

Kholoud A. Hothan, Bashaer A. Alasmari, Omniya K. Alkhelaiwi, Khalid M. Althagafi, Abdulaziz A. Alkhaldi, Ahmed K. Alfityani, Mohannad M. Aladawi, Sara N. Sharief, Sherif El Desoky and Jameela A. Kari
Saudi Medical Journal October 2016, 37 (10) 1120-1126; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2016.10.14784

References

  1. ↵
    1. Harris DE,
    2. Aboueissa AM,
    3. Hartley D
    (2008) Myocardial infarction and heart failure hospitalization rates in Maine, USA - variability along the urban-rural continuum. Rural Remote Health 8:980.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  2. ↵
    1. Vishram JK
    (2014) Prognostic interactions between cardiovascular risk factors. Dan Med J 61:B4892.
    OpenUrl
  3. ↵
    1. Faienza MF,
    2. Wang DQ,
    3. Fruhbeck G,
    4. Garruti G,
    5. Portincasa P
    (2016) The dangerous link between childhood and adulthood predictors of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Intern Emerg Med 11:175–182.
    OpenUrl
  4. ↵
    1. Al Salloum AA,
    2. El Mouzan MI,
    3. Al Herbish AS,
    4. Al Omar AA,
    5. Qurashi MM
    (2009) Blood pressure standards for Saudi children and adolescents. Ann Saudi Med 29:173–178.
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
  5. ↵
    1. Moreno JA,
    2. Yuste C,
    3. Gutierrez E,
    4. Sevillano AM,
    5. Rubio-Navarro A,
    6. maro-Villalobos JM,
    7. et al.
    (2016) Haematuria as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease progression in glomerular diseases: A review. Pediatr Nephrol 31:523–533.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  6. ↵
    1. Cohen RA,
    2. Brown RS
    (2003) Clinical practice. Microscopic hematuria. N Engl J Med 348:2330–2338.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  7. ↵
    1. Gale DP
    (2013) How benign is hematuria? Using genetics to predict prognosis. Pediatr Nephrol 28:1183–1193.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  8. ↵
    1. Rao PK,
    2. Jones JS
    (2008) How to evaluate ’dipstick hematuria’: what to do before you refer. Cleve Clin J Med 75:227–233.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  9. ↵
    1. Vivante A,
    2. Afek A,
    3. Frenkel-Nir Y,
    4. Tzur D,
    5. Farfel A,
    6. Golan E,
    7. et al.
    (2011) Persistent asymptomatic isolated microscopic hematuria in Israeli adolescents and young adults and risk for end-stage renal disease. JAMA 306:729–736.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  10. ↵
    1. Yanagihara T,
    2. Hamada R,
    3. Ishikura K,
    4. Uemura O,
    5. Matsuyama T,
    6. Takahashi S,
    7. et al.
    (2015) Urinary screening and urinary abnormalities in 3-year-old children in Japan. Pediatr Int 57:354–358.
    OpenUrl
  11. ↵
    1. Hogg RJ,
    2. Furth S,
    3. Lemley KV,
    4. Portman R,
    5. Schwartz GJ,
    6. Coresh J,
    7. et al.
    (2003) National Kidney Foundation’s Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease in children and adolescents: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Pediatrics 111(6 Pt 1):1416–1421.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  12. ↵
    1. Alharthi AA,
    2. Taha AA,
    3. Edrees AE,
    4. Elnawawy AN,
    5. Abdelrahman AH
    (2014) Screening for urine abnormalities among preschool children in western Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 35:1477–1481.
    OpenUrl
  13. ↵
    1. Edress B,
    2. Tayeb M,
    3. Shandeedi M
    (2013) Prevalence of hematuria among school children in Makkah and Baha in Saudi Arabia. Jordan Medical Journal 47:20–25.
    OpenUrl
  14. ↵
    1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    Clinical Growth Charts, Available from: URL: http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/clinical_charts.htm. Cited 2009 August.
  15. ↵
    1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    Defining Childhood Obesity, Available from: URL: http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/defining.html. Cited 2009 August.
  16. ↵
    1. US Department of Health and Human Services
    A pocket guide to blood pressure measurement in children, Available from: URL: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/bp_child_pocket.pdf. cited 2007 May.
  17. ↵
    1. Subhi MD
    (2006) Blood pressure profiles and hypertension in Iraqi primary school children. Saudi Med J 27:482–486.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  18. ↵
    1. Kar S,
    2. Khandelwal B
    (2015) Fast foods and physical inactivity are risk factors for obesity and hypertension among adolescent school children in east district of Sikkim, India. J Nat Sci Biol Med 6:356–359.
    OpenUrl
  19. ↵
    1. Rahman AJ,
    2. Qamar FN,
    3. Ashraf S,
    4. Khowaja ZA,
    5. Tariq SB,
    6. Naeem H
    (2013) Prevalence of hypertension in healthy school children in Pakistan and its relationship with body mass index, proteinuria and hematuria. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 24:408–412.
    OpenUrl
  20. ↵
    1. McNiece KL,
    2. Poffenbarger TS,
    3. Turner JL,
    4. Franco KD,
    5. Sorof JM,
    6. Portman RJ
    (2007) Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension among adolescents. J Pediatr 150:640–644.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  21. ↵
    1. Chiolero A,
    2. Paccaud F,
    3. Bovet P
    (2007) Pre-hypertension and hypertension among adolescents of Switzerland. J Pediatr 151:e24–e25.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  22. ↵
    1. Chiolero A,
    2. Madeleine G,
    3. Gabriel A,
    4. Burnier M,
    5. Paccaud F,
    6. Bovet P
    (2007) Prevalence of elevated blood pressure and association with overweight in children of a rapidly developing country. J Hum Hypertens 21:120–127.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  23. ↵
    1. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies
    (2004) Lancet 363:157–163.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  24. ↵
    1. Ogden CL,
    2. Carroll MD,
    3. Kit BK,
    4. Flegal KM
    (2012) Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents 1999-2010. JAMA 307:483–490.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  25. ↵
    1. El-Mouzan MI,
    2. Al-Herbish AS,
    3. Al-Salloum AA,
    4. Qurachi MM,
    5. Al-Omar AA
    (2007) Growth charts for Saudi children and adolescents. Saudi Med J 28:1555–1568.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  26. ↵
    1. El Mouzan MI,
    2. Al Herbish AS,
    3. Al Salloum AA,
    4. Foster PJ,
    5. Al Omar AA,
    6. Qurachi MM,
    7. et al.
    (2008) Comparison of the 2005 growth charts for Saudi children and adolescents to the 2000 CDC growth charts. Ann Saudi Med 28:334–340.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  27. ↵
    1. El Mouzan M,
    2. Foster P,
    3. Al Herbish A,
    4. Al Salloum A,
    5. Al Omer A,
    6. Alqurashi M,
    7. et al.
    (2009) Regional variations in the growth of Saudi children and adolescents. Ann Saudi Med 29:348–356.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  28. ↵
    1. El Mouzan MI,
    2. Al Herbish AS,
    3. Al Salloum AA,
    4. Al Omer AA,
    5. Qurachi MM
    (2012) Regional prevalence of short stature in Saudi school-age children and adolescents. Scientific World Journal 2012:505709.
    OpenUrl
  29. ↵
    1. Al-Hazzaa HM
    (2002) Physical activity, fitness and fatness among Saudi children and adolescents: implications for cardiovascular health. Saudi Med J 23:144–150.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  30. ↵
    1. US Department of Health and Human Services
    2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, Available from URL: https://health.gov/paguidelines/pdf/paguide.pdf. cited 2008.
  31. ↵
    1. Redwine KM,
    2. Acosta AA,
    3. Poffenbarger T,
    4. Portman RJ,
    5. Samuels J
    (2012) Development of hypertension in adolescents with pre-hypertension. J Pediatr 160:98–103.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  32. ↵
    1. Yanagihara T,
    2. Kuroda N,
    3. Hayakawa M,
    4. Yoshida J,
    5. Tsuchiya M,
    6. Yamauchi K,
    7. et al.
    (2007) Epidemiology of school urinary screening over a 30 year period in Tokyo. Pediatr Int 49:570–576.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  33. ↵
    1. Yamagata K,
    2. Iseki K,
    3. Nitta K,
    4. Imai H,
    5. Iino Y,
    6. Matsuo S,
    7. et al.
    (2008) Chronic kidney disease perspectives in Japan and the importance of urinalysis screening. Clin Exp Nephrol 12:1–8.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  34. ↵
    1. Cho BS,
    2. Kim SD
    (2007) School urinalysis screening in Korea. Nephrology (Carlton) 12(Suppl3):S3–S7.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  35. ↵
    1. Lin CY,
    2. Hsieh CC,
    3. Chen WP,
    4. Yang LY,
    5. Wang HH
    (2001) The underlying diseases and follow-up in Taiwanese children screened by urinalysis. Pediatr Nephrol 16:232–237.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  36. ↵
    1. El-Tayeb M
    (2010) ESMESHEY Screening of proteinuria in young adults: Is it worthwhile? Dialysis & Transplantation 39:522–526.
    OpenUrl
  37. ↵
    1. El-Shafie AM,
    2. El-Nemr FM,
    3. Bahbah MB,
    4. Shokry M,
    5. Attia A
    (2014) The Role of Urine Screening (In School Children of Menoufiya Governorate) In Early Detection of Renal Disorders. Journal of American Science 10:143–150.
    OpenUrl
  38. ↵
    1. Hajar F,
    2. Taleb M,
    3. Aoun B,
    4. Shatila A
    (2011) Dipstick urine analysis screening among asymptomatic school children. N Am J Med Sci 3:179–184.
    OpenUrl
  39. ↵
    1. Yap HK,
    2. Quek CM,
    3. Shen Q,
    4. Joshi V,
    5. Chia KS
    (2005) Role of urinary screening programmes in children in the prevention of chronic kidney disease. Ann Acad Med Singapore 34:3–7.
    OpenUrlPubMed
Back to top

In this issue

Print
Download PDF
Email Article
Citation Tools
Bookmark this article

Jump to section