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Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Role of venlafaxine in relapse to methamphetamine seeking

Potential treatment option for drug dependence

Yusuf S. Althobaiti
Saudi Medical Journal April 2019, 40 (4) 339-346; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2019.4.23718
Yusuf S. Althobaiti
From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and the Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Pharm. D, PhD
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    Figure 1

    Experimental schedule of the conditioned place preference. M - methamphetamine, S - saline, V - Venlafaxine

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    Figure 2

    Experimental design A) Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: 1) Saline-Saline-animals received saline during the conditioning, extinction, and reinstatement phases; 2) Saline-VEN-animals received saline in the conditioning, VEN (10 mg/kg, i.p.) in the extinction, and saline in the reinstatement phase; 3) METH-Saline, rats received METH (1 mg/kg, i.p.) in the conditioning, saline in the extinction, and METH (1 mg/kg, i.p.) in the reinstatement phase; 4) METH-VEN group in which METH (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered in the conditioning phase, VEN (10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the extinction phase, and METH (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered in the reinstatement phase. Time spent in each chamber during pre-conditioning and before any treatment. B) No significant changes in time spent were found in chamber 1 and chamber 2 during the preconditioning phase. Values shown as means ± S.E.M.

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    Figure 3

    Time spent in the conditioning chambers during phases of post-conditioning, extinction, and reinstatement in A) Saline-Saline and B) Saline-VEN treated groups. No significant changes in time spent were found in Chamber 1 and Chamber 2 during all tested phases. Values shown as means ± S.E.M.

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    Figure 4

    Time spent in the conditioning chambers during phases of post-conditioning, extinction, and reinstatement in A) METH-Saline and B) METH-VEN. In METH-Saline group, rats spent time in the METH-paired chamber that was significantly elevated during the reinstatement test compared to the extinction test. VEN blocked reinstatement induced by re-exposure to METH. Values shown as means ± S.E.M. ***p<0.001 and ****p<0.0001. (@p<0.05 and @@p<0.01 compared to post-conditioning, while $$p<0.01 as compared to the extinction test).

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    Figure 5

    Distance traveled during Pre-conditioning (A), Conditioning (B), Extinction (C), and Reinstatement (D) phases in Saline-Saline, Saline-VEN, METH-Saline, and METH-VEN treated groups. During the reinstatement phase (D), distance traveled was significantly increased in the METH-Saline and METH-VEN treated groups compared to the corresponding control groups. Distance traveled was not significantly changed among all groups during Pre-conditioning (A), Conditioning (B), and Extinction (C) phases. Values shown as means ± S.E.M. *p<0.05.

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Saudi Medical Journal: 40 (4)
Saudi Medical Journal
Vol. 40, Issue 4
1 Apr 2019
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Role of venlafaxine in relapse to methamphetamine seeking
Yusuf S. Althobaiti
Saudi Medical Journal Apr 2019, 40 (4) 339-346; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2019.4.23718

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Role of venlafaxine in relapse to methamphetamine seeking
Yusuf S. Althobaiti
Saudi Medical Journal Apr 2019, 40 (4) 339-346; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2019.4.23718
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