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Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

The epidemiology and incidence of dengue in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, during 2017-2019

Sami Melebari, Rowaida Bakri, Abdul Hafiz, Fadel Qabbani, Asim Khogeer, Ismail Alharthi, Sultan Alhazmi, Yehya Almalki, Rasha Bulkhi, Razaz Gammash, Ashwaq Hakim, Ahmed Alkhyami, Mohamed Bazaid and Thanaa Mohammad
Saudi Medical Journal November 2021, 42 (11) 1173-1179; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2021.42.11.20210124
Sami Melebari
From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MSc, PhD
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Rowaida Bakri
From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MSc, PhD
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Abdul Hafiz
From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MSc, PhD
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Fadel Qabbani
From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
BMSc
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Asim Khogeer
From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MSc, PhD
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Ismail Alharthi
From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
BMSc
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Sultan Alhazmi
From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MPh
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Yehya Almalki
From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
BMSc
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Rasha Bulkhi
From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MSc
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Razaz Gammash
From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MSc
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Ashwaq Hakim
From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
BMSc
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Ahmed Alkhyami
From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
BMSc
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Mohamed Bazaid
From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MSc
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Thanaa Mohammad
From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MBBS, MD
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  • Figure 1
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    Figure 1

    - Dengue cases in Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, by weeks. (A) The total number of confirmed dengue cases was plotted against the week number in 2017, 2018 and 2019. (B) Cumulative percentages of the total number of confirmed dengue cases were plotted against the week number in 2017, 2018 and 2019.

  • Figure 2
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    Figure 2

    - Aedes density by year in Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Aedes density is plotted against the months of the year in 2017, 2018 and 2019.

  • Figure 3
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    Figure 3

    - Age distribution of dengue cases in Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The dengue cases in an age group are displayed as a percentage of the total. Each bar is divided into different colored segments to represent the proportion of dengue cases in 2017, 2018 and 2019 for each age group.

  • Figure 4
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    Figure 4

    - Nationality and gender-related incidence risk of dengue cases in Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, plotted from 2017-2019.

Tables

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    Table 1

    - Average annual rainfall and dengue cases in Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

    YearAnnual rainfall (mm)Suspected dengue casesConfirmed dengue casesThe precentage of suspected cases found to be positive
    201725.151,00420420.32%
    201811.7475216321.67%
    2019110.81,57174847.61%
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Saudi Medical Journal: 42 (11)
Saudi Medical Journal
Vol. 42, Issue 11
1 Nov 2021
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The epidemiology and incidence of dengue in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, during 2017-2019
Sami Melebari, Rowaida Bakri, Abdul Hafiz, Fadel Qabbani, Asim Khogeer, Ismail Alharthi, Sultan Alhazmi, Yehya Almalki, Rasha Bulkhi, Razaz Gammash, Ashwaq Hakim, Ahmed Alkhyami, Mohamed Bazaid, Thanaa Mohammad
Saudi Medical Journal Nov 2021, 42 (11) 1173-1179; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2021.42.11.20210124

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The epidemiology and incidence of dengue in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, during 2017-2019
Sami Melebari, Rowaida Bakri, Abdul Hafiz, Fadel Qabbani, Asim Khogeer, Ismail Alharthi, Sultan Alhazmi, Yehya Almalki, Rasha Bulkhi, Razaz Gammash, Ashwaq Hakim, Ahmed Alkhyami, Mohamed Bazaid, Thanaa Mohammad
Saudi Medical Journal Nov 2021, 42 (11) 1173-1179; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2021.42.11.20210124
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