Outcomes of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients in National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Article Figures & Data

Table 1

- The socio-demographic profiles of the participants (N=45).

Demographical characteristics	n (%)
Gender
Male	30 (66.7)
Female	15 (33.3)
BMI
Healthy	2 (4.40)
Overweight	15 (33.30)
Class 1 obesity	17 (37.80)
Class 2 obesity	7 (15.60)
Class 3 obesity	4 (8.90)
Age (mean±SD)	66.67±12.74

Table 2

- The outcomes of the participants (N=45).

Factors	n (%)
Cause of death
COVID-19 related death	24 (53.3)
Tracheostomy related death	1 (2.2)
No death	20 (44.4)
Weaning from ventilator
Successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation	11 (24.4)
On ventilation at the time of data collection	9 (20.0)
Death	25 (55.6)
Duration from tracheostomy to death (in days), mean±SD (min - max)	10.64±6.90 (2-25)
Duration from tracheostomy to weaning (in days)* mean±SD (min - max)	27.92±20.21 (2-82)

Table 3

- The factors associated with patients’ mortalities.

Factors	Mortalities	Survivals	P-value*
Factors	Mean±SD
Duration from intubation to tracheostomy (in days)	20.96±7.86	20.20±6.49	0.730
PEEP	7.36±2.06	8.1±2.4	0.272
FiO2	42.2±11.28	42.75±10.06	0.865
CRP before tracheostomy	115.72±88.74	90.15±106.03	0.383
Use of inotropes, n (%)
Yes	16 (61.5)	10 (38.5)	0.345
No	9 (47.4)	10 (52.6)	0.345
CRP trend before tracheostomy, n (%)
Uptrend	12 (75)	4 (25)	0.039*
Downtrend	11 (42.3)	15 (57.7)	0.039*
Method of tracheostomy, n (%)
Open	21 (61.8)	13 (38.2)	0.141
Percutaneous	4 (36.4)	7 (63.6)	0.141

PEEP: positive end-expiratory pressure, FiO2: fraction of inspired oxygen CRP: C-reactive protein, SD: standard deviation, * significant at <0.05

Table 4

- The factors associated with duration from tracheostomy to weaning.

Factors	Time from tracheostomy to weaning	Pearson correlation	P-value
Factors	Mean±SD
Method of tracheostomy
Open	38.57±19.97		0.033*
Percutaneous	15.50±12.57
Correlation between duration from intubation to tracheostomy and duration from tracheostomy to weaning		-0.63	0.84