Vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using metformin and the associated factors in Saudi Arabia

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Figure 1
- Relation between patient’s characteristics and vitamin B12 levels.

Table 1

- Characteristics and demographic data of diabetic patients on metformin (N=307).

Characteristics	n (%)
Gender
Male	116 (37.8)
Female	191 (62.2)
Duration of DM (years)
<10 years	169 (55.0)
≥10 years	138 (45.0)
Metformin dose
<1000 mg	187 (60.9)
≥1000 mg	120 (39.1)
Smoking
Yes	21 (6.8)
No	286 (93.2)
Alcohol use
Yes	1 (0.3)
No	306 (99.7)
Vegetarian
Yes	0 (0)
No	307 (100)
Age (years) (mean±SD)	58.6 (11.1)
HbA1c level (mean±SD)	8.5 (1.68)
Length of metformin use (years) (mean±SD)	9.53 (5.853)

Values are expressed as numbers and percentages (%).DM: diabetes mellitus. A1C: glycated hemoglobin.

Table 2

- Association between vitamin B12 levels and use of a supplement (N=307).

Supplement use	Deficiency	Borderline	Normal	Chi-square	P-value
B-complex				49.22	0.00*
Yes	1 (0.9)	51 (45.1)	61 (45.0)
No	10 (5.2)	150 (78.5)	31 (16.2)
Multivitamins				1.657	0.437
Yes	0 (0.0)	23 (65.7)	12 (34.3)
No	11 (4.1)	180 (66.4)	80 (29.5)
Duration of B-complex (years)				2.283	0.319
<2	1 (107)	24 (40.0)	35 (58.3)
≥2	0 (0.0)	27 (51.9)	25 (48.1)
Duration of multivitamins use (years)				0.273	0.458
<2	0 (0.0)	15 (75.0)	5 (25.0)
≥2	0 (0.0)	8 (57.6)	6 (42.9)