Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1
- Comparison of participants characteristics by gender in a sample of health care workers in Saudi Arabia.
Characteristics Total Gender P-value Female n (%) Male n (%) Total population 646 398 (100) 248 (100.0) N/A Age Mean (SD): 34.1 (9.5) 22 to 26 156 86 (21.6( 70 (28.2) 0.004 27 to 31 181 99 (24.9) 82 (33.1) 32 to 39 144 98 (24.6) 46 (18.5) 40 and above 165 115 (28.9) 50 (20.2) Nationality Saudi 348 156 (39.2) 192 (77.4) <0.0001 Non-Saudi 298 242 (60.8) 56 (22.6) Administration region of employment Riyadh region 450 304 (76.4) 146 (58.9) <0.0001 Mecca region 82 34 (8.5) 48 (19.4) Eastern region 75 46 (11.6) 29 (11.7) Other regions 39 14 (3.5) 25 (10.1) Marital status Single 294 183 (46.0) 111 (44.8) 0.070 Married 337 201 (50.5) 136 (54.8) Divorced 12 11 (2.8) 1 (0.4) Widowed 3 3 (0.8) 0 (0.0) Number of children No children 351 208 (52.3) 143 (57.7) <0.0001 One child 111 81 (20.4) 30 (12.1) 2 to 3 children 137 92 (23.1) 45 (18.1) More than 3 children 47 17 (4.3) 30 (12.1) Department you are working in (during Coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) Other 54 29 (7.3) 25 (10.1) 0.439 Emergency department 102 66 (16.6) 36 (14.5) Intensive care unit 55 30 (7.5) 25 (10.1) Infectious department 19 10 (2.5) 9 (3.6) Surgical departments 107 64 (16.1) 43 (17.3) Medical departments 309 199 (50.0) 110 (44.4) How many years have you been working as a healthcare provider? Less than one year 146 75 (18.8) 71 (28.6) <0.0001 1-5 years 146 76 (19.1) 70 (28.2) 5-10 years 115 82 (20.6) 33 (13.3) More than 10 years 239 165 (41.5) 74 (29.8) Social status of the family: Less than 10,000 Saudi Riyal/month 233 186 (46.7) 47 (19.0) <0.0001 From 10,001 to 20,000 Saudi Riyal/month 236 138 (34.7) 98 (39.5) From 20,001 to 40,000 Saudi Riyal/month 124 56 (14.1) 68 (27.4) More than 40,000 Saudi Riyal/month 53 18 (4.5) 35 (14.1) What’s your usual working hours per week? <40 h 116 59 (14.8) 57 (23.0) <0.0001 40-49 h 391 271 (68.1) 120 (48.4) 50-59 h 73 34 (8.5) 39 (15.7) 60-69 h 37 21 (5.3) 16 (6.5) 70 and more 29 13 (3.3) 16 (6.5) Comorbidities/chronic diseases Yes 142 104 (26.1) 38 (15.3) 0.001 None 504 294 (73.9) 210 (84.7) Have your working hours increased during the Coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) pandemic? Yes 305 180 (45.2) 125 (50.4) 0.200 No 341 218 (54.8) 123 (49.6) Previous experience in working during pandemics? (SARS, H1N1, MERS) Yes 241 150 (37.7) 91 (36.7) 0.799 No 405 248 (62.3) 157 (63.3) Do you smoke? Yes 107 28 (7.0) 79 (31.9) <0.0001 I quit 34 11 (2.8) 23 (9.3) No 505 359 (90.2) 146 (58.9) Sleeping hours per day (on average): More than 8 43 23 (5.8) 20 (8.1) 0.342 6 to 8 364 218 (54.8) 146 (58.9) 4 to 6 230 151 (37.9) 79 (31.9) Less than 4 9 6 (1.5) 3 (1.2) During the past 3 months, how many patients with COVID-19 infection were you exposed to? None 124 70 (17.6) 54 (21.8) 0.013 1 to 5 183 128 (32.2) 55 (22.2) 6 to 10 87 57 (14.3) 30 (12.1) 11 to 20 72 48 (12.1) 24 (9.7) 21 to 40 55 27 (6.8) 28 (11.3) More than 40 125 68 (17.1) 57 (23.0) How many times were you tested for COVID-19? None 354 230 (57.8) 124 (50.0) 0.004 1 176 114 (28.6) 62 (25.0) 2 62 32 (8.0) 30 (12.1) 3 to 5 48 19 (4.8) 29 (11.7) More than 5 6 3 (0.8) 3 (1.2) Did you test positive for COVID-19? Yes 60 32 (8.0) 28 (11.3) 0.213 No 359 218 (54.8) 141 (56.9) Did not test 227 148 (37.2) 79 (31.9) Have you had any specific training related to the COVID-19 pandemic? Yes 325 177 (44.5) 148 (59.7) <0.0001 No 321 221 (55.5) 100 (40.3) Do you feel you are being pushed to deal with COVID-19 patients? Yes 205 123 (30.9) 82 (33.1) 0.759 No 313 193 (48.5) 120 (48.4) Not sure 128 82 (20.6) 46 (18.5) Has your institution made psychological or mental health support available to you? Yes 280 197 (49.5) 83 (33.5) <0.0001 No 235 123 (30.9) 112 (45.2) I don’t know 131 78 (19.6) 53 (21.4) - Table 2
- Prevalence of burnout among health care workers working during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Prevalences N % P-value 95% CI No work burnout 161 24.9 <0.0001 0.71 - 0.78 Work burnout present 485 75.1 Total 646 100.0 - Table 3
- Prevalence of burnout, defined by Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), by multiple factors among health care workers working during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Characteristics CBI scale P-value No work burnout n (%) Work burnout present n (%) Gender Female 96 (24.1) 302 (75.9) 0.551 Male 65 (26.2) 183 (73.8) Age 22 to 26 43 (27.6) 113 (72.4) <0.0001 27 to 31 28 (15.5) 153 (84.5) 32 to 39 30 (20.8) 114 (79.2) 40 and above 60 (36.4) 105 (63.6) Nationality Saudi 80 (23.0) 268 (77.0) 0.219 Non-Saudi 81 (27.2) 217 (72.8) Administration region of employment Riyadh region 113 (25.1) 337 (74.9) 0.771 Mecca Region 17 (20.7) 65 (79.3) Eastern Region 20 (26.7) 55 (73.3) Other Regions 11 (28.2) 28 (71.8) Marital status Single 69 (23.5) 225 (76.5) 0.097 Married 92 (27.3) 245 (72.7) Divorced 0 (0.0) 12 (100) Widowed 0 (0.0) 3 (100) Number of children No children 81 (23.1) 270 (76.9) 0.554 One child 29 (26.1) 82 (73.9) 2 to 3 children 36 (26.3) 101 (73.7) More than 3 children 15 (31.9) 32 (68.1) Social status of the family Less than 10,000 Saudi Riyal/month 59 (25.3) 174 (74.7) 0.548 From 10,001 to 20,000 Saudi Riyal/month 52 (22.0) 184 (78.0) From 20,001 to 40,000 Saudi Riyal/month 35 (28.2) 89 (71.8) More than 40,000 Saudi Riyal/month 15 (28.3) 38 (71.7) Do you smoke? Yes 22 (20.6) 85 (79.4) 0.158 I quit 5 (14.7) 29 (85.3) No 134 (26.5) 371 (73.5) Job title Others 2 (33.3) 4 (66.7) 0.001 Intern 36 (35.0) 67 (65.0) Resident doctor 18 (14.6) 105 (85.4) Specialist doctor 9 (32.1) 19 (67.9) Consultant doctor 19 (44.2) 24 (55.8) Nurse 70 (23.3) 231 (76.7) Paramedic 2 (11.1) 16 (88.9) Allied health care worker 2 (14.3) 12 (85.7) Pharmacist 3 (30.0) 7 (70.0) Other 15 (27.8) 39 (72.2) 0.458 Emergency department 19 (18.6) 83 (81.4) Intensive care unit 13 (23.6) 42 (76.4) Infectious 6 (31.6) 13 (68.4) Surgical 23 (21.5) 84 (78.5) Medical 85 (27.5) 224 (72.5) Less than one year 44 (30.1) 102 (69.9) 0.002 1-5 years 20 (13.7) 126 (86.3) 5-10 years 27 (23.5) 88 (76.5) More than 10 years 70 (29.3) 169 (70.7) Comorbidities/chronic diseases: Yes 33 (23.2) 109 (76.8) 0.600 None 128 (25.4) 376 (74.6) Have your working hours increased during the COVID-19 pandemic? Yes 45 (14.8) 260 (85.2) <0.0001 No 116 (34.0) 225 (66.0) Previous experience in working during pandemics? (SARS, H1N1, MERS) Yes 57 (23.7) 184 (76.3) 0.565 No 104 (25.7) 301 (74.3) Sleeping hours per day (on average) More than 8 15 (34.9) 28 (65.1) 0.007 6 to 8 103 (28.3) 261 (71.7) 4 to 6 43 (18.7) 187 (81.3) Less than 4 0 (0.0) 9 (100) During the past 3 months, how many people with COVID-19 infection were you exposed to? None 52 (41.9) 72 (58.1) <0.0001 1 to 5 56 (30.6) 127 (69.4) 6 to 10 13 (14.9) 74 (85.1) 11 to 20 13 (18.1) 59 (81.9) 21 to 40 13 (23.6) 42 (76.4) More than 40 14 (11.2) 111 (88.8) How many times were you tested for COVID-19? None 104 (29.4) 250 (70.6) 0.010 1 42 (23.9) 134 (76.1) 2 8 (12.9) 54 (87.1) 3 to 5 7 (14.6) 41 (85.4) More than 5 0 (0.0) 6 (100) Did you test positive for COVID-19? Yes 10 (16.7) 50 (83.3) 0.133 No 86 (24.0) 273 (76.0) Did not test 65 (28.6) 162 (71.4) Have you had any specific training related to the COVID-19 pandemic? Yes 84 (25.8) 241 (74.2) 0.585 No 77 (24.0) 244 (76.0) Do you feel you are being pushed to deal with COVID-19 patients? Yes 20 (9.8) 185 (90.2) <0.0001 No 113 (36.1) 200 (63.9) Not sure 28 (21.9) 100 (78.1) Has your institution made psychological or mental health support available to you? Yes 79 (28.2) 201 (71.8) 0.191 No 50 (21.3) 185 (78.7) I don’t know 32 (24.4) 99 (75.6) SARS: Severe acute respiratory syndrome, H1N1: swine flu, MERS: Middle East respiratory syndrome
