Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
- The frequency of symptoms reported in children with COVID-19.
- Figure 2
- The level of management of COVID-19 in different pediatric age groups. PICU: pediatric intensive care unit
Tables
- Table 1
- Demographic variables, exposures, and clinical characteristics of children with COVID-19 (N=62).
Demographics n (%) Age, years 6 (0.2-13) Gender Male 31(50) Female 31 (50) Nationality Saudi 37 (59.7) Yemeni 9 (14.5) Indian 5 (8.1) Others 11 (17.7) Exposures History of contact with COVID-19 positive patient 48 (77.4) COVID-19 positive family member 41 (66.1) COVID-19 positive patient outside family 7 (11.3) Unknown exposure 14 (22.6) Parents are health care providers 4 (6.5) Clinical manifestations History of fever 50 (80.6) Documented fever in hospital 17 (27.4) Fever category (°C) 37.7-38 8 (12.90) >38-39 8 (12.90) >39 1 (1.61) Fever duration, days 2 (1-9) Respiratory symptoms Cough 30 (48.4) Runny nose 17 (27.4) Sore throat 11 (17.7) Shortness of breath 8 (12.9) Anosmia 1 (1.6) General non-specific symptoms Headache 6 (9.7) Body aches 3 (4.8) Myalgia 5 (8.1) Gastrointestinal symptoms Diarrhea 15 (24.2) Vomiting 11 (17.7) Abdominal pain 6 (9.7) Skin rash 1 (1.6) Seizures 3 (4.8) Associated comorbidities 9 (14.5) Congenital heart disease 3 (4.8) Bronchial asthma/adenoid/bronchiolitis obliterans 3 (4.8) Malignancy (rhabdomyosarcoma) 1 (1.6) Hydrocephalous (brain atrophy) 2 (3.2) Values are presented as numbers and percentages (%).
Parameter Number of patients Patients with abnormal results Measured values Reference range Laboratory data Complete blood count 22 Hemoglobin, gm/dl 4 11.7 (6.50-14) 10.2-16 WBCs, K/μL 4 7.65 (2.3-26) 4.5-17.5 Platelets, K/μL 4 300 (104-520) 150-450 Neutrophils, K/μL 6 3.3 (0.5-21) 1-8.5 Lymphocytes, K/μL 16 2.6 (0.7-12.4) 4-10.5 CRP, mg/L 20 8 3 (3-268) 0-3 Liver enzymes 20 AST, U/L 11 39 (13-79) 15-37 ALT, U/L 0 30 (7-59) 12-78 Renal functions 21 Urea, mmol/Z 3 3.8 (1.4-22) 2.5-6.4 Creatinine, μmol/L 1 32.5 (13-440) 53-115 Ferritin, ng/ml 7 1 246 (9-2264) 30-400 D-dimer 9 7 1.1 (0.2-40) 0-0.5 LDH, U/L 7 6 344 (200-1284) 100-240 Cardiac enzymes 2 Troponin-I, μg/L 2 1.29 (0.59-2) 0.02-0.04 Creatine kinase, IU/L 2 393 (388-398) 26-308 Bacterial blood culture 14 0 Negative Radiological findings Chest X-ray, n (%) 20 (100) Normal 9 (45) Peripheral ground-glass opacities 3 (15) Bilateral consolidative opacities 7 (35) Pleural effusion 1 (5) WBC: white blood cell, CRP: C-reactive protein, AST: aspartate transaminase, ALT: alanine transaminase, LDH: lactate dehydrogenasel, VSD: ventricular septal defect
Parameter Number of patients Patients with abnormal results Measured values Reference range Laboratory data Complete blood count 22 Hemoglobin, gm/dl 4 11.7 (6.50-14) 10.2-16 WBCs, K/μL 4 7.65 (2.3-26) 4.5-17.5 Platelets, K/μL 4 300 (104-520) 150-450 Neutrophils, K/μL 6 3.3 (0.5-21) 1-8.5 Lymphocytes, K/μL 16 2.6 (0.7-12.4) 4-10.5 CRP, mg/L 20 8 3 (3-268) 0-3 Liver enzymes 20 AST, U/L 11 39 (13-79) 15-37 ALT, U/L 0 30 (7-59) 12-78 Renal functions 21 Urea, mmol/L 3 3.8 (1.4-22) 2.5-6.4 Creatinine, μmol/L 1 32.5 (13-440) 53-115 Ferritin, ng/ml 7 1 246 (9-2264) 30-400 D-dimer 9 7 1.1 (0.2-40) 0-0.5 LDH, U/L 7 6 344 (200-1284) 100-240 Cardiac enzymes 2 Troponin-I, μg/L 2 1.29 (0.59-2) 0.02-0.04 Creatine kinase, IU/L 2 393 (388-398) 26-308 Bacterial blood culture 14 0 Negative Radiological findings Chest X-ray, n (%) 20 (100) Normal 9 (45) Peripheral ground-glass opacities 3 (15) Bilateral consolidative opacities 7 (35) Pleural effusion 1 (5) WBC: white blood cell, CRP: C-reactive protein, AST: aspartate transaminase, ALT: alanine transaminase, LDH: lactate dehydrogenasel, VSD: ventricular septal defect
- Table 4
- Summary of the main characteristics of children with COVID-19 included in large systematic reviews and meta-analysis.
Characteristics Present study Cui et al22 Liu et al21 Ding et al20 Mantovani et al18 Meena et al19 Liguoro et al9 Number of cases 62 5829 4300 371 2855 4857 7480 Age (mean, years) 6 - 7.04 5.5 6.9 6.4 7.6 Male (%) 50 55 53.6 58 50.3 57 52.1 History of contact (%) 77.4 72 81.5 86.4 - 91 85 Fever (%) 80.6 51 52.7 51.2 47 49 51.6 Cough (%) 48.4 41 41.9 37 37 45 47.3 Diarrhea (%) 24.2 8 4.2 7.4 4 9 9.7 Severe/critical cases (%) 8.1 12 0 0 4 4 2.7
