The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among university students in Wasit, Iraq

Alaa H. Zamil; Seenaa S. Amin

doi:10.15537/smj.2022.43.11.20220558

Article Figures & Data

Figures

Tables

Download figure
Open in new tab
Download powerpoint
Figure 1
- Prevalence of metabolic syndrome criteria depending on the number of components. FBG: fasting blood glucose, HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol, WC: waist circumference, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diasolic blood pressure, TG: triglycerides

Tables

Figures

View popup

Table 1

- The distribution of anthropometric and lifestyle data among participants.

Characteristics	Total (n=300)		Female (n=165)		Male (n=135)		P-value
Characteristics	n	%	n	%	n	%
Age (years)
18-21	160	53.3	96	58.2	64	47.4	0.063
22-25	140	46.7	69	41.8	71	52.6	0.063
Body mass index (Kg/m2)
Underweight (<18.5)	20	6.7	14	8.5	6	4.4	0.186
Normal (18.5-24.9)	166	55.3	93	56.3	72	53.3
Overweight (25-29.9)	93	31	45	27.3	49	36.3
Obese (≥30)	21	7.0	13	7.9	8	6.0
WC (inch)
<31.5 female	157	52.3	63	38.2	94	69.6	0.033*
<37 male	157	52.3	63	38.2	94	69.6
≥31.5 female	143	47.7	102	61.8	41	30.4
≥37 male	143	47.7	102	61.8	41	30.4
Systolic BP mmHg
<130	233	77.7	141	85.5	92	68.1	<0.001**
≥130	67	22.3	24	14.5	43	31.9	<0.001**
Diastolic:
<85	238	79.3	138	83.6	100	74.1	0.046*
≥85	62	20.7	27	16.4	35	25.9	0.046*
Physical activity (min/week)
<150	271	90.3	160	97.0	111	82.0	<0.001**
≥150	29	9.7	5	3.0	24	18.0	<0.001**
Smoking
Yes	56	18.67	2	1.2	54	40.0	<0.001**
No	244	81.33	163	98.8	81	60.0	<0.001**
Smoking type
Cigarette	21	7.0	0	0	21	15.6	<0.001**
Argela	25	8.34	2	1.2	23	17.0
Both	10	3.33	0	0	10	7.4
Fast food (times/week)
0	36	12.0	14	8.5	22	16.3	0.004*
1-3	146	48.7	94	57.0	52	38.5
>3	118	39.3	57	34.5	61	45.2
Vegetable eating (times/week)
0	9	3.0	7	4.2	2	1.5	0.094
1-5	200	66.7	110	66.7	90	66.7
>5	91	30.3	48	29.1	43	31.8

WC: waist circumference, BP: blood pressure, *: significant difference (<0.05), **significant difference (<0.001)

View popup

Table 2

- Biochemical parameters statistics of participants.

Paraneters	Total (n=300)		Female (n=165)		Male (n=135)		P -value
Paraneters	n	%	n	%	n	%	P -value
FBG (mg/dl)							0.034*
<100	30	10	22	13.3	8	5.9
≥00	270	90	143	86.7	127	94.1
Triglycerides (mg/dl)							--
<150	300	100	165	100	135	100
≥150	0	0	0	0	0	0
HDL-C(mg/dl)							<0.001**
<50(female)			139	84.2
<40 (male)	195	65			56	41.49
≥50 (female)			26	15.8
≥40 (male)	105	35			79	58.51
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)							--
<200	300	100	165	100	135	100
≥200	0	0	0	0	0	0

FBG: fasting blood glucose, HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol, *significant (<0.05), **significant (<0.001)

View popup
Table 3
- The prevalence of MteS components among participants, according to IDF/ AHA/NHLBI criteria.
Component Total (300) Female (165) Male (135) P-value
n % n % n %
0 2 0.6 0 0 2 1.5 0.117
1 62 20.7 15 9.1 47 34.8 <0.001**
2 112 37.3 67 40.6 45 33.3 0.196
3 98 32.7 67 40.6 31 23 0.001*
4 26 8.7 16 9.7 10 7.4 0.484
*significant (<0.05), **significant (<0.001)

View popup

Table 4

- The anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameter between groups of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and non-MetS.

Variables	Metabolic syndrome Median (interquartile range)		Z Test	P-value
Variables	YES (n=124)	NO (n=176)	Z Test	P-value
Weight (kg)	71 (24.0)	62.5 (19.0)	6.05	<0.001**
Height (cm)	164.5 (13.0)	166 (17.0)	1.9	0.057
BMI (kg/m²)	26.55 (4.8)	22.22(4.1)	9.86	<0.001**
WC (inch)	37 (7.0)	31 (4.0)	9.66	<0.001**
SBP (mmHg)	125 (25.0)	115 (12.0)	5.54	<0.001**
DBP (mmHg)	82 (15.0)	75 (10.0)	6.1	<0.001**
Fasting blood glucose	113 (11.0)	110 (15.0)	2.7	0.006*
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	167 (8.0)	165 (11.0)	2.64	0.008*
TG (mg/dl)	108 (5.0)	107 (5.0)	1.18	0.23
HDL-C (mg/dl)	39 (11.0)	42 (10.0)	2.5	0.01*

BMI: body mass index, WC: waist circumference, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diasolic blood pressure, HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG: triglycerides

View popup

Table 5

- Associations of metabolic syndrome with potential risk factors.

Risk factors	Metabolic syndrome		Chi-square test	P-value	Odds ratio	95% CI
Risk factors	Yes n=(124)	No n=(176)	Chi-square test	P-value	Odds ratio	95% CI
Age group (years)
18-21	54 (43.5)	106(60.2)	χ2 = 8.131	0.004*	1.96	1.23-3.13
22- 25	70 (56.5)	70(39.8)	χ2 = 8.131	0.004*	1.96	1.23-3.13
Gender
Female	83 (66.9)	82(46.6)	χ2= 12.166	<0.001**	2.32	1.44-3.74
Males	41 (33.1)	94(53.4)	χ2= 12.166	<0.001**	2.32	1.44-3.74
Smoking group
Smokers	25 (20.2)	31 (17.6)	χ2= 0.311	0.57	1.18	0.65-2.12
Non smokers	99(79.8)	145(82.4)	χ2= 0.311	0.57	1.18	0.65-2.12
Type of smoking
Cigarettes+ both	11 (8.9)	20 (11.35)	χ2=3.49	0.06	3.18	0.92-10.9
Argela	14 (11.3)	11 (6.25)	χ2=3.49	0.06	3.18	0.92-10.9
BMI (Kg/m2)
<25	41 (33.1)	145(82.4)	χ2=75.113	<0.001**	9.46	5.52-16.23
≥25	83 (66.9)	31(17.6)	χ2=75.113	<0.001**	9.46	5.52-16.23
Physical activity (minute/week)
<150	124 (100)	147 (83.5)	χ2=22.6	<0.001**	0.54	0.48-0.60
≥150	0 (0)	29 (16.5)	χ2=22.6	<0.001**	0.54	0.48-0.60
Fast-food (times/week)
1-3	49 (39.5)	97 (55.1)	χ2=11.3	0.001*	2.35	1.42-3.86
>3	64 (51.6)	54 (30.7)	χ2=11.3	0.001*	2.35	1.42-3.86
Vegetable eating (times/week)
1-5	88(73.9)	112(65.1)	χ2=2.55	0.11	0.65	0.39- 1.10
>5	31 (26.1)	60 (34.9)	χ2=2.55	0.11	0.65	0.39- 1.10