Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
- Reasons to not doing any physical activity during quarantine (N=476).
Tables
Variables n % Gender Male 142 29.8 Female 334 70.2 Age (years) 18-25 182 38.2 26 - 35 121 25.4 36 - 45 94 19.7 46 - 55 64 13.4 56 - 65 15 3.2 Educational level High school or less 97 20.4 Bachelor’s degree 276 58.0 Master’s or Ph.D. 103 21.6 Monthly family income Less than 5000 riyals 55 11.6 From 5,000 to <10,000 Saudi Riyals 153 32.1 >10,000 Saudi Riyals 268 56.3 Marital status Single 233 48.9 Married 216 45.4 Divorced or widowed 27 5.7 Do you need help with shopping or preparing and preparing food? Yes 207 43.5 No 269 56.5 Have you had the corona virus? Yes 54 11.3 No 422 88.7 During the quarantine period due to the Corona pandemic, has there been a change in your weight? No change in weight 46 9.7 Lost weight 136 28.6 I gained weight 85 17.9 I do not know 209 43.9 Weight, kg (self-reported) 69.36±19.030 Height, cm (self-reported) 162.55±9.129 Body mass index (BMI) 26.10±6.181 BMI (kg/m2) Underweight 35 7.4 Normal 232 48.7 Overweight 113 23.7 Obese 96 20.2 - Table 2
- Study participants dietary habits and behaviors, food shopping and consumption pattern, and lifestyle behaviors during and after the COVID-19 quarantine (N=476).
Behavior Time Mean Std. deviation T-Test P-value How often do you commit to eating 3 main meals and 2 snacks? During 2.07 1.464 -0.716 0.475 After 2.11 1.442 How often do you eat fast food such as pizza, burgers as daily main meals? During 2.06 0.997 -3.497 0.001** After 2.21 0.891 How often do you eat french fries? During 2.04 0.893 -0.561 0.575 After 2.06 0.862 How often do you eat snacks (such as popcorn, chips, and so on) During 2.43 1.183 5.444 0.000** After 2.18 1.080 How often do you eat fruits and vegetables? During 2.84 1.216 1.061 0.289 After 2.80 1.234 How often do you eat healthy foods (eggs, whole wheat, nuts, fruits and vegetables) in your daily meals? During 2.84 1.374 -1.147 0.252 After 2.88 1.386 How often do you have 2-3 servings of milk or its products (such as laban, yoghurt, and cheese) During 2.93 1.319 0.507 0.613 After 2.92 1.318 How often do you eat one or more servings of units of eggs or meat per day During 3.14 1.186 0.258 0.797 After 3.13 1.203 How many spoons of sugar do you add to foods and drinks per day? During 2.06 0.930 3.913 0.000** After 1.95 0.888 How often do you soft or sweetened beverages (juices, sodas, energy drinks, so on)? During 2.31 1.291 1.41 0.159 After 2.26 1.258 How often do you eat pastries (cakes, donuts, bites, pastries, sweets, chocolate, and so on)? During 2.68 1.211 4.794 0.000** After 2.47 1.080 How often do you eat fast food because of boredom, distress and the desire to eat without hunger? During 2.13 1.160 2.997 0.003** After 1.99 1.016 How often do you do 30 minutes of physical activity per week (such as walking, cycling, dancing, so on)? During 2.20 1.288 -2.514 0.012* After 2.34 1.282 How often do you contribute in (cooking, laundry, or cleaning) at home? During 3.12 1.527 2.691 0.007** After 3.01 1.562 How often do you contribute to daily activities such as (shopping grocery, neighborhood walk? During 2.21 1.209 -5.364 0.000** After 2.45 1.177 How many hours is your daily time sitting at work? During 2.90 1.756 -5.505 0.000** After 3.21 1.752 How many times do you break while working during office hours (rest time 10 minutes)? During 2.50 1.310 -1.52 0.129 After 2.56 1.224 How many hours do you spend daily watching television or mobile phone for social media or playing video games? During 3.28 0.918 8.261 0.000** After 3.01 0.962 How many hours do you sleep daily? During 2.03 0.681 5.709 0.000** After 1.86 0.642 Is there any change in your quality of sleep? During 2.46 1.080 -5.805 0.000** After 2.74 1.088 How many times do you feel stress or anxiety in a day? During 2.74 1.116 -0.424 0.671 After 2.76 1.106 Do you smoke cigarettes, shisha or almuasal or electronic cigarettes? During 1.23 0.667 -0.143 0.887 After 1.23 0.665 Do you received any help to maintain a healthy lifestyle from family and friends? During 3.05 1.353 1.261 0.208 After 3.01 1.342 ↵** Significant at 0.01, *Significant at 0.05, NS: not significant (p>0.05), Std: standard
- Table 3
- Association between the dietary habits and behaviors, food shopping and consumption pattern, and lifestyle behaviors during and after the COVID-19 quarantine and gender (N=476).
Behaviors During After Chi-square P-value Chi-square P-value How often do you commit to eating 3 main meals and 2 snacks? 5.119 0.275 8.756 0.068 How often do you eat fast food such as pizza, burgers or as daily main meals? 6.802 0.147 13.724 0.008** How often do you eat French fries? 2.31 0.679 9.563 0.048* How often do you eat snacks (such as popcorn, chips, so on) 9.977 0.041* 10.328 0.035* How often do you eat fruits and vegetables? 2.719 0.606 2.429 0.657 How often do you eat healthy foods (eggs, whole wheat, vegetables and fruits, nuts,) in your daily meals? 10.076 0.039* 5.264 0.261 How often do you have 2-3 servings of milk or its products (such as laban, yoghurt, cheese) 6.849 0.144 14.931 0.005** How often do you eat one or more serving units of eggs or meat per day? 7.639 0.106 9.248 0.055 How many spoons of sugar do you add to foods and drinks per day? 1.717 0.788 1.815 0.770 How often do you soft or sweetened beverages (juices, sodas, energy drinks, and so on)? 10.258 0.036* 8.284 0.082 How often do you eat pastries (cakes, donuts, bites, pastries, sweets, chocolate, so on)? 20.82 0.000** 17.737 0.001** How often do you eat fast food because of boredom, distress and the desire to eat without hunger? 2.238 0.692 7.132 0.129 How often do you do 30 minutes of physical activity per week (such as walking, cycling, dancing, and so on.)? 11.814 0.019* 6.602 0.158 How often do you contribute in (cooking, laundry, or cleaning) at home? 58.246 0.000** 64.675 0.000** How often do you contribute to daily activities such as (shopping grocery, neighborhood walk? 72.288 0.000** 32.707 0.000** How many hours is your daily time sitting at work? 9.875 0.079 22.089 0.001** How many times do you break while working during office hours (rest time 10 minutes)? 4.1 0.393 6.8 0.147 How many hours do you spend daily watching television or mobile phone for social media or playing video games? 0.832 0.842 1.658 0.646 How many hours do you sleep daily? 0.18 0.914 6.28 0.043* Is there any change in your quality of sleep? 3.339 0.503 2.358 0.670 How many times do you feel stress or anxiety in a day? 5.909 0.206 18.334 0.001** Do you smoke cigarettes, shisha or almuasal or electronic cigarettes? 21.473 0.000** 18.233 0.001** Do you received any help to maintain a healthy lifestyle from family and friends? 4.078 0.396 8.339 0.080
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