Real time endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration for the diagnosis of tuberculous intrathoracic lymphadenopathy: Saudi Arabian Western region experience

Ahmed A. Aljohaney

doi:10.15537/smj.2023.44.2.20220434

References

1.↵
World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2021. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. [Updated 2021 Oct 14; accessed 2022 Oct 14]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240037021
2.↵
World Health Organization. Guidelines for treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis and patient care, 2017 update. [Updated 2017; accessed 25 March 2022]. Availble from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/255052/9789241550000-eng.pdf
3.↵
1. Hayward SE,
2. Rustage K,
3. Nellums LB,
4. van der Werf MJ,
5. Noori T,
6. Boccia D, et al.
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis among migrants in Europe, 1995 to 2017. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 27: 1347.
OpenUrl
4.↵
1. Holden IK,
2. Lillebaek T,
3. Andersen PH,
4. Bjerrum S,
5. Wejse C,
6. Johansen IS.
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Denmark from 2009 to 2014; Characteristics and predictors for treatment outcome. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6: ofz388.
OpenUrl
5.↵
1. Wilson M,
2. Weston J,
3. Mullen A,
4. Knight T,
5. Simpson G.
Tuberculosis in Far North Queensland, Australia: a retrospective clinical audit. Intern Med J 2019; 49: 333–338.
OpenUrl
6.↵
1. Sbayi A,
2. Arfaoui A,
3. Janah H,
4. Koraichi SE,
5. Quyou A.
Epidemiological characteristics and some risk factors of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Larache, Morocco. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 31; 36:381.
OpenUrl
7.↵
1. Al-Ghafli H,
2. Varghese B,
3. Enani M,
4. Alrajhi A,
5. Al Johani S,
6. Albarrak A, et al.
Demographic risk factors for extra-pulmonary tuberculosis among adolescents and adults in Saudi Arabia. PLoS One 2019; 14: e0213846.
OpenUrl
8.↵
1. McNally PA,
2. Arthur ME. Mediastinoscopy
. 2022. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022.
9.↵
1. Santos Silva J,
2. Costa AR,
3. Calvinho P.
Cervical mediastinoscopy: Safety profile, feasibility and diagnostic accuracy in a decade in a single center. Pulmonology 2019; 25: 119–120.
OpenUrl
10.↵
1. Jaliawala HA,
2. Farooqui SM,
3. Harris K,
4. Abdo T,
5. Keddissi JI,
6. Youness HA.
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA): technical updates and pathological yield. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11: 2331.
OpenUrl
11.↵
1. Dhamija A,
2. Ganga VB,
3. Guliani A,
4. Raveendran R,
5. Verma K,
6. Basu AK.
Endobronchial ultrasound for tubercular mediastinal adenopathy and its comparison with traditional tools. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2019; 23: 907–912.
OpenUrl
12.↵
1. Gahlot T,
2. Parakh U,
3. Verma K,
4. Bhalotra B,
5. Jain N.
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in diagnosing mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Lung India 2017; 34: 241–246.
OpenUrl
13.↵
1. Aljohaney AA.
Utility and safety of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in patients with mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy: Western region experience. Ann Thorac Med 2018;13: 92–100.
OpenUrl
14.↵
1. Dar KA,
2. Sultan ST,
3. Singh R,
4. Mehfooz N,
5. Shah NN,
6. Farooq SS, et al.
Real time endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration of intrathoracic lymphadenopathy: an initial experience. Int J Res Med Sci 2019; 7: 1813–1817.
OpenUrl
15.↵
1. Lucey O,
2. Potter J,
3. Ricketts W,
4. Castle L,
5. Melzer M.
Utility of EBUS-TBNA in diagnosing mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis in East London. J Infect 2022; 84: 17–23.
OpenUrl
16.↵
1. Cohen JF,
2. Korevaar DA,
3. Gatsonis CA, et al.
STARD for Abstracts: essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies in journal or conference abstracts. BMJ 2017; 358: j3751.
OpenUrl FREE Full Text
17.↵
1. Erer OF,
2. Erol S,
3. Anar C,
4. Biçmen C,
5. Aydoğdu Z,
6. Aktoğu S.
The diagnostic accuracy of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis. Turk J Med Sci 2017; 47: 1874–1879.
OpenUrl
18.↵
1. Scano V,
2. Fois AG,
3. Manca A,
4. Balata F,
5. Zinellu A,
6. Chessa C,
7. Pirina P,
8. Paliogiannis P.
Role of EBUS-TBNA in on-neoplastic mediastinal lymphadenopathy: review of literature. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12: 512.
OpenUrl
19.↵
1. Tetart M,
2. Betraoui F,
3. Huleux T,
4. Wallyn F,
5. Brichet A,
6. Thill P, et al.
Accuracy of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in HIV-infected patients with thoracic lymphadenopathy in a tuberculosis low-burden area. Sci Rep 2020; 10: 16250.
OpenUrl
20.↵
1. Lin CK,
2. Keng LT,
3. Lim CK,
4. Lin YT,
5. Lin SY,
6. Chen LY, et al.
Diagnosis of mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis using endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration with rinse fluid polymerase chain reaction. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 119: 509–515.
OpenUrl
21.
1. Thangakunam B,
2. Isaac BTJ,
3. Christopher DJ.
Endobronchial ultrasound experience in a high tuberculosis prevalence setting. Indian J Tuberc 2017; 64: 196–200.
OpenUrl
22.
1. Chhajed PN,
2. Vaidya PJ,
3. Mandovra NP,
4. Chavhan VB,
5. Lele TT,
6. Nair R, et al.
EBUS-TBNA in the rapid microbiological diagnosis of drug-resistant mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenopathy. ERJ Open Res 2019; 5: 00008–2019.
OpenUrl
23.↵
1. Mohan VF,
2. Nangia V,
3. Singh AK,
4. Behl R,
5. Dumeer N.
Performance of cytology, acid-fast bacilli smear, gene Xpert and mycobacterial cultures in endobronchial ultrasound-transbronchial needle aspiration aspirate in diagnosing mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis. Lung India 2021; 38: 122–127.
OpenUrl
24.↵
1. Eknewir S,
2. John TJ,
3. Bennji SM,
4. Koegelenberg CFN.
The utility of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in a community with a high HIV and tuberculosis burden. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med 2022; 28: 10.7196/AJTCCM.2022.v28i1.156.
25.↵
1. Nair A,
2. Haridas N,
3. Ahmed S,
4. Borkar PV.
EBUS-TBNA initial experience from a tertiary care center in southern India. J Clin Diag Res 2018; 12: OC29–OC32.
OpenUrl
26.↵
1. Semilan HM,
2. Abugad HA,
3. Mashat HM,
4. Abdel Wahab MM.
Epidemiology of tuberculosis among different occupational groups in Makkah region, Saudi Arabia. Sci Rep 2021; 11: 12764.
OpenUrl
27.↵
1. Akinshipe BO,
2. Yusuf EO,
3. Ehiaghe AF,
4. Egunjobi TO,
5. Yusuf OA.
Elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein among apparently healthy adults with concomitant prediabetes and latent tuberculosis infection in Nigeria. Int J Res Med Sci 2021; 9: 338–346.
OpenUrl

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Keywords

[1] 1.↵
World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2021. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. [Updated 2021 Oct 14; accessed 2022 Oct 14]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240037021

[2] 2.↵
World Health Organization. Guidelines for treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis and patient care, 2017 update. [Updated 2017; accessed 25 March 2022]. Availble from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/255052/9789241550000-eng.pdf

[3] 3.↵
Hayward SE,
Rustage K,
Nellums LB,
van der Werf MJ,
Noori T,
Boccia D, et al.
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis among migrants in Europe, 1995 to 2017. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 27: 1347.
OpenUrl

[4] Hayward SE,

[5] Rustage K,

[6] Nellums LB,

[7] van der Werf MJ,

[8] Noori T,

[9] Boccia D, et al.

[10] 4.↵
Holden IK,
Lillebaek T,
Andersen PH,
Bjerrum S,
Wejse C,
Johansen IS.
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Denmark from 2009 to 2014; Characteristics and predictors for treatment outcome. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6: ofz388.
OpenUrl

[11] Holden IK,

[12] Lillebaek T,

[13] Andersen PH,

[14] Bjerrum S,

[15] Wejse C,

[16] Johansen IS.

[17] 5.↵
Wilson M,
Weston J,
Mullen A,
Knight T,
Simpson G.
Tuberculosis in Far North Queensland, Australia: a retrospective clinical audit. Intern Med J 2019; 49: 333–338.
OpenUrl

[18] Wilson M,

[19] Weston J,

[20] Mullen A,

[21] Knight T,

[22] Simpson G.

[23] 6.↵
Sbayi A,
Arfaoui A,
Janah H,
Koraichi SE,
Quyou A.
Epidemiological characteristics and some risk factors of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Larache, Morocco. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 31; 36:381.
OpenUrl

[24] Sbayi A,

[25] Arfaoui A,

[26] Janah H,

[27] Koraichi SE,

[28] Quyou A.

[29] 7.↵
Al-Ghafli H,
Varghese B,
Enani M,
Alrajhi A,
Al Johani S,
Albarrak A, et al.
Demographic risk factors for extra-pulmonary tuberculosis among adolescents and adults in Saudi Arabia. PLoS One 2019; 14: e0213846.
OpenUrl

[30] Al-Ghafli H,

[31] Varghese B,

[32] Enani M,

[33] Alrajhi A,

[34] Al Johani S,

[35] Albarrak A, et al.

[36] 8.↵
McNally PA,
Arthur ME. Mediastinoscopy
. 2022. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022.

[37] McNally PA,

[38] Arthur ME. Mediastinoscopy

[39] 9.↵
Santos Silva J,
Costa AR,
Calvinho P.
Cervical mediastinoscopy: Safety profile, feasibility and diagnostic accuracy in a decade in a single center. Pulmonology 2019; 25: 119–120.
OpenUrl

[40] Santos Silva J,

[41] Costa AR,

[42] Calvinho P.

[43] 10.↵
Jaliawala HA,
Farooqui SM,
Harris K,
Abdo T,
Keddissi JI,
Youness HA.
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA): technical updates and pathological yield. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11: 2331.
OpenUrl

[44] Jaliawala HA,

[45] Farooqui SM,

[46] Harris K,

[47] Abdo T,

[48] Keddissi JI,

[49] Youness HA.

[50] 11.↵
Dhamija A,
Ganga VB,
Guliani A,
Raveendran R,
Verma K,
Basu AK.
Endobronchial ultrasound for tubercular mediastinal adenopathy and its comparison with traditional tools. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2019; 23: 907–912.
OpenUrl

[51] Dhamija A,

[52] Ganga VB,

[53] Guliani A,

[54] Raveendran R,

[55] Verma K,

[56] Basu AK.

[57] 12.↵
Gahlot T,
Parakh U,
Verma K,
Bhalotra B,
Jain N.
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in diagnosing mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Lung India 2017; 34: 241–246.
OpenUrl

[58] Gahlot T,

[59] Parakh U,

[60] Verma K,

[61] Bhalotra B,

[62] Jain N.

[63] 13.↵
Aljohaney AA.
Utility and safety of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in patients with mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy: Western region experience. Ann Thorac Med 2018;13: 92–100.
OpenUrl

[64] Aljohaney AA.

[65] 14.↵
Dar KA,
Sultan ST,
Singh R,
Mehfooz N,
Shah NN,
Farooq SS, et al.
Real time endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration of intrathoracic lymphadenopathy: an initial experience. Int J Res Med Sci 2019; 7: 1813–1817.
OpenUrl

[66] Dar KA,

[67] Sultan ST,

[68] Singh R,

[69] Mehfooz N,

[70] Shah NN,

[71] Farooq SS, et al.

[72] 15.↵
Lucey O,
Potter J,
Ricketts W,
Castle L,
Melzer M.
Utility of EBUS-TBNA in diagnosing mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis in East London. J Infect 2022; 84: 17–23.
OpenUrl

[73] Lucey O,

[74] Potter J,

[75] Ricketts W,

[76] Castle L,

[77] Melzer M.

[78] 16.↵
Cohen JF,
Korevaar DA,
Gatsonis CA, et al.
STARD for Abstracts: essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies in journal or conference abstracts. BMJ 2017; 358: j3751.
OpenUrl FREE Full Text

[79] Cohen JF,

[80] Korevaar DA,

[81] Gatsonis CA, et al.

[82] 17.↵
Erer OF,
Erol S,
Anar C,
Biçmen C,
Aydoğdu Z,
Aktoğu S.
The diagnostic accuracy of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis. Turk J Med Sci 2017; 47: 1874–1879.
OpenUrl

[83] Erer OF,

[84] Erol S,

[85] Anar C,

[86] Biçmen C,

[87] Aydoğdu Z,

[88] Aktoğu S.

[89] 18.↵
Scano V,
Fois AG,
Manca A,
Balata F,
Zinellu A,
Chessa C,
Pirina P,
Paliogiannis P.
Role of EBUS-TBNA in on-neoplastic mediastinal lymphadenopathy: review of literature. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12: 512.
OpenUrl

[90] Scano V,

[91] Fois AG,

[92] Manca A,

[93] Balata F,

[94] Zinellu A,

[95] Chessa C,

[96] Pirina P,

[97] Paliogiannis P.

[98] 19.↵
Tetart M,
Betraoui F,
Huleux T,
Wallyn F,
Brichet A,
Thill P, et al.
Accuracy of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in HIV-infected patients with thoracic lymphadenopathy in a tuberculosis low-burden area. Sci Rep 2020; 10: 16250.
OpenUrl

[99] Tetart M,

[100] Betraoui F,

[101] Huleux T,

[102] Wallyn F,

[103] Brichet A,

[104] Thill P, et al.

[105] 20.↵
Lin CK,
Keng LT,
Lim CK,
Lin YT,
Lin SY,
Chen LY, et al.
Diagnosis of mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis using endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration with rinse fluid polymerase chain reaction. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 119: 509–515.
OpenUrl

[106] Lin CK,

[107] Keng LT,

[108] Lim CK,

[109] Lin YT,

[110] Lin SY,

[111] Chen LY, et al.

[112] 21.
Thangakunam B,
Isaac BTJ,
Christopher DJ.
Endobronchial ultrasound experience in a high tuberculosis prevalence setting. Indian J Tuberc 2017; 64: 196–200.
OpenUrl

[113] Thangakunam B,

[114] Isaac BTJ,

[115] Christopher DJ.

[116] 22.
Chhajed PN,
Vaidya PJ,
Mandovra NP,
Chavhan VB,
Lele TT,
Nair R, et al.
EBUS-TBNA in the rapid microbiological diagnosis of drug-resistant mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenopathy. ERJ Open Res 2019; 5: 00008–2019.
OpenUrl

[117] Chhajed PN,

[118] Vaidya PJ,

[119] Mandovra NP,

[120] Chavhan VB,

[121] Lele TT,

[122] Nair R, et al.

[123] 23.↵
Mohan VF,
Nangia V,
Singh AK,
Behl R,
Dumeer N.
Performance of cytology, acid-fast bacilli smear, gene Xpert and mycobacterial cultures in endobronchial ultrasound-transbronchial needle aspiration aspirate in diagnosing mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis. Lung India 2021; 38: 122–127.
OpenUrl

[124] Mohan VF,

[125] Nangia V,

[126] Singh AK,

[127] Behl R,

[128] Dumeer N.

[129] 24.↵
Eknewir S,
John TJ,
Bennji SM,
Koegelenberg CFN.
The utility of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in a community with a high HIV and tuberculosis burden. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med 2022; 28: 10.7196/AJTCCM.2022.v28i1.156.

[130] Eknewir S,

[131] John TJ,

[132] Bennji SM,

[133] Koegelenberg CFN.

[134] 25.↵
Nair A,
Haridas N,
Ahmed S,
Borkar PV.
EBUS-TBNA initial experience from a tertiary care center in southern India. J Clin Diag Res 2018; 12: OC29–OC32.
OpenUrl

[135] Nair A,

[136] Haridas N,

[137] Ahmed S,

[138] Borkar PV.

[139] 26.↵
Semilan HM,
Abugad HA,
Mashat HM,
Abdel Wahab MM.
Epidemiology of tuberculosis among different occupational groups in Makkah region, Saudi Arabia. Sci Rep 2021; 11: 12764.
OpenUrl

[140] Semilan HM,

[141] Abugad HA,

[142] Mashat HM,

[143] Abdel Wahab MM.

[144] 27.↵
Akinshipe BO,
Yusuf EO,
Ehiaghe AF,
Egunjobi TO,
Yusuf OA.
Elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein among apparently healthy adults with concomitant prediabetes and latent tuberculosis infection in Nigeria. Int J Res Med Sci 2021; 9: 338–346.
OpenUrl

[145] Akinshipe BO,

[146] Yusuf EO,

[147] Ehiaghe AF,

[148] Egunjobi TO,

[149] Yusuf OA.

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Real time endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration for the diagnosis of tuberculous intrathoracic lymphadenopathy

Saudi Arabian Western region experience

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Real time endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration for the diagnosis of tuberculous intrathoracic lymphadenopathy

Saudi Arabian Western region experience

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