Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Latest
    • Archive
    • home
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
    • Join SMJ
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Office
    • Editorial Board
  • More
    • Advertising
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Folders
    • Help
  • Other Publications
    • NeuroSciences Journal

User menu

  • My alerts
  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
Saudi Medical Journal
  • Other Publications
    • NeuroSciences Journal
  • My alerts
  • Log in
Saudi Medical Journal

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Latest
    • Archive
    • home
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
    • Join SMJ
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Office
    • Editorial Board
  • More
    • Advertising
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Folders
    • Help
  • Follow psmmc on Twitter
  • Visit psmmc on Facebook
  • RSS
Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Integration of functional capacity to medically necessary, time-sensitive scoring system

A prospective observational study

Ahmet K. Koltka, Müşerref B. Dinçer, Mehmet Güzel, Mukadder Orhan-Sungur, Tülay Özkan-Seyhan, Demet Altun, Ali Fuat Kaan Gök and Mehmet İlhan
Saudi Medical Journal September 2023, 44 (9) 921-932; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2023.44.9.20230318
Ahmet K. Koltka
From the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation (Koltka, Dinçer, Güzel, Orhan-Sungur, Özkan-Seyhan, Altun); and from the Department of Surgery (Gök, İlhan), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Ahmet K. Koltka
  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Müşerref B. Dinçer
From the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation (Koltka, Dinçer, Güzel, Orhan-Sungur, Özkan-Seyhan, Altun); and from the Department of Surgery (Gök, İlhan), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Mehmet Güzel
From the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation (Koltka, Dinçer, Güzel, Orhan-Sungur, Özkan-Seyhan, Altun); and from the Department of Surgery (Gök, İlhan), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Mukadder Orhan-Sungur
From the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation (Koltka, Dinçer, Güzel, Orhan-Sungur, Özkan-Seyhan, Altun); and from the Department of Surgery (Gök, İlhan), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Tülay Özkan-Seyhan
From the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation (Koltka, Dinçer, Güzel, Orhan-Sungur, Özkan-Seyhan, Altun); and from the Department of Surgery (Gök, İlhan), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Demet Altun
From the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation (Koltka, Dinçer, Güzel, Orhan-Sungur, Özkan-Seyhan, Altun); and from the Department of Surgery (Gök, İlhan), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Ali Fuat Kaan Gök
From the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation (Koltka, Dinçer, Güzel, Orhan-Sungur, Özkan-Seyhan, Altun); and from the Department of Surgery (Gök, İlhan), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Mehmet İlhan
From the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation (Koltka, Dinçer, Güzel, Orhan-Sungur, Özkan-Seyhan, Altun); and from the Department of Surgery (Gök, İlhan), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • eLetters
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF
Loading

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate 2 new modifications to medically necessary, time-sensitive (MeNTS) scoring systems integrating functional capacity assessment in estimating intensive care unit (ICU) requirements.

Methods: This prospective observational study included patients undergoing elective surgeries between July 2021 and January 2022. The MeNTS scores and our 2 modified scores: MeNTS-METs (integrated Duke activity status index [DASI] as metabolic equivalents [METs]) and MeNTS-DASI-5Q (integrated modified DASI [M-DASI] as 5 questions) were calculated. The patients’ ICU requirements (group ICU+ and group ICU-), DASIs, patient-surgery-anesthesia characteristics, hospital stay lengths, rehospitalizations, postoperative complications, and mortality were recorded.

Results: This study analyzed 718 patients. The MeNTS, MeNTS-METs, and MeNTS-DASI-5Q scores were higher in group ICU+ than in group ICU- (p<0.001). Group ICU+ had longer operation durations and hospital stay lengths (p<0.001), lower DASI scores (p<0.001), and greater hospital readmissions, postoperative complications, and mortality (p<0.001). The MeNTS-METs and MeNTS-DASI-5Q scores better predicted ICU requirement with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.806 and 0.804, than the original MeNTS (AUC=0.782).

Conclusion: The 5-questionnaire M-DASI is easy to calculate and, when added to a triage score, is as reliable as the original DASI for predicting postoperative ICU requirements.

Keywords:
  • intensive care units
  • metabolic equivalent
  • triage
  • elective surgical procedures

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnoses in patients with comorbidities are associated with severe COVID-19 illness that requires intensive care unit (ICU) care.1,2 Per global precautions, during the first surge of the COVID-19 pandemic, health authorities in several countries restricted elective surgeries to preserve resources for these critical patients and patients requiring urgent/emergent surgeries. Elective surgeries began to be scheduled after the first peak. The pandemic is now slowing, with fewer new COVID-19 diagnoses, after several surges in peak patient numbers.

Surgical prioritization is challenging under both surging and slowing pandemic conditions. During a pandemic, neither the possibility of overextending limited resources to cover elective cases, jeopardizing the care of infected patients, nor the possibility of disease advancement due to surgery postponement is desired. Furthermore, the post-pandemic era also requires a prioritization scoring system since a surgery backlog is created during the mandatory cancellation and restrictive capacity periods.

Several guidelines have been published for surgical decision and triage.3,4 The medically necessary, time sensitive (MeNTS) scoring system (Appendix 1) comprising parameters evaluating procedure, disease, and patient factors, was proposed by Prachand et al5 and promoted by the American College of Surgeons. Despite some improvements, patient characteristics relating to intensive care and hospital bed occupation and postoperative outcomes were not elucidated in these surgical studies.6-10 As perioperative physicians, anesthesiologists, and intensive care specialists should be involved in resource planning.

We had previously published a significant relationship between high MeNTS scores and moderate to severe outcomes. We speculated that incorporating a cardiovascular functional capacity parameter could improve the scoring system.11 Therefore, this observational, prospective study, carried out under the semi-restrictive status of our institution following the third surge of the pandemic, aimed to compare the original MeNTS scoring system with modified MeNTS scoring systems incorporating functional capacity for the primary outcome of ICU requirement. Our secondary outcomes were hospital stay length, hospital readmission, postoperative complications, and mortality.

Methods

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey (protocol number: 2021/1117) and was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki principles. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients prior to participation. This study followed the strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guideline.12

The study was carried out in a university hospital, a tertiary center with approximately 25.000 surgeries/year in the pre-pandemic era. Out of 8 ICUs, 4 with a total capacity of 38 beds are managed primarily by anesthesiologists who care for adult postoperative surgical and medical patients. The study period was from July 2021 to January 2022, between the third and fourth surges of the pandemic for our country. The total number of operating rooms were 30 and ICU beds were 25 allocated to surgery during this period. A pandemic ICU also operated with 13 beds employing 8 anesthesiologists/day during this period.

All patients undergoing operation were screened and enrolled if eligible after consenting. This study included elective cases, and case priority was classified according to the need to carry out surgery following admission as urgent-elective (>24 hours but <2 weeks), essential-elective (within 1-3 months), and discretionary elective (>3 months).13 Emergent cases that had to be operated on within 24 hours of admission were excluded from this study. Patients aged <18 years or with whom communication was impossible were also excluded. All enrolled patients were screened for COVID-19 with a symptoms questionnaire, and the nasopharynx was sampled for a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test.

We recorded the patients’ demographic data, surgery characteristics (including case priority and surgery type), anesthesia characteristics, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status class, malignancy status, smoking history, PCR-test-based COVID-19 screening results, and, if present, the clinical symptoms and signs of COVID-19 (namely, fever, cough, and dyspnea).

The MeNTS scores were calculated for each patient. A senior surgeon on the surgical team carried out the surgical evaluation, which was confirmed by the study surgeon (AFKG).

We computed Duke activity status index (DASI) scores to incorporate functional capacity data into the patient domain in MeNTS scoring.14 However, the 12-item DASI questionnaire is not a scoring system that could be divided into 5 or fewer parts and added easily to the patient domain of MeNTS because of the non-uniform weight of each item.

Therefore, the DASI was incorporated in 2 ways. In the first method, functional capacity computed by DASI was converted into metabolic equivalents (METs) using the formula: ([0.43×DASI]+9.6)/3.5.15 In this MeNTS-METs scoring system, an additional row categorized according to METs values was inserted into patient factors (5 points= <4 METs; 4 points= ≥4 and <7 METs; 2 points= ≥7 and <9.89 METs; and one point= 9.89 METs, Appendix 2). In the second method, a simplified (modified) DASI comprising 5 questions (M-DASI-5Q) was calculated as suggested by Riedel et al.16 In the MeNTS-DASI-5Q scoring system, the additional row was based on the number of questions answered positively: 5 points= none/one positive answer; 4 points= 2 positive answers; 3 points= 3 positive answers; 2 points= 4 positive answers; and one point= all questions answered positively (Appendix 3).

Anesthesia method (general, neuraxial, and peripheral nerve block), operation duration, ICU requirement (planned or unplanned), total hospital stay length, and rehospitalization were recorded. Planned ICU admissions were decided by the consultant anesthesiologist in charge of that operating theatre according to the patients’ comorbidities and surgical characteristics. Unplanned admissions immediately after the operation due to intraoperative complications were decided by the same consultant. Unplanned ICU admissions from the ward due to postoperative complications were decided by the consultant anesthesiologist in charge of the ICU.

Postoperative complications were analyzed and classified in severity according to Clavien-Dindo (CLD) classification.17 Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), mortality within the first postoperative month, and postoperative COVID-19 infection within 14 days were recorded.18,19

Statistical analysis

In this exploratory study, we attempted to screen and approach all cases since the period between the third and fourth surges was unknown. Therefore, no sample size calculation was possible.

Patients were classified into 2 groups as group ICU+ and group ICU- according to their postoperative ICU requirements. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD), median (interquartile range [IQR]), or number and precentages (%). The Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were used to assess the normality of quantitative data distributions. Student’s t-test was used to compare normally distributed data, while the Mann-Whitney-U test was used to compare non-normally distributed data. Where applicable, the mean difference and its 95% confidence interval (CI) are also given. Chi-square tests were used to compare qualitative data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the predictive accuracy of MeNTS, MeNTS-METs, and MeNTS-DASI-5Q scores for the ICU requirement. Receiver operating characteristic curves were interpreted according to their AUC: poor= 0.60-0.69; fair= 0.70-0.79, good= 0.80-0.89; and excellent= ≥0.90. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).

Results

This prospective study screened 789 patients, of which 718 were included in the analysis (Figure 1). Case priority was listed as urgent-elective for 151 (21.0%), essential elective for 458 (63.8%), and discretionary elective for 109 (15.2%) patients. Patients’ surgical characteristics are shown in Table 1. For 22 (3.1%) patients, COVID-19 PCR tests were negative preoperatively but positive postoperatively with repeated testing; 11 had a COVID-19 infection during their hospital stay, of which 5 needed ICU care, and 3 died. A total of 11 of 22 patients were infected within the first 14 days after discharge; and 2 were rehospitalized and discharged without complications.

Figure 1
  • Download figure
  • Open in new tab
  • Download powerpoint
Figure 1

- Flow diagram.

View this table:
  • View inline
  • View popup
Table 1

- Patients’ surgical characteristics.

The participants’ median age was 48 (35-62) years, their mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.96±5.21 kg/m2, and 287 (40%) were male. Their mean MeNTS score was 49.93±8.30, and their median DASI score was 44.70 (26.95-58.20). The mean MeNTS-METs score was 52.33±8.92 and the mean MeNTS-DASI-5Q score was 52.45±8.89. General anesthesia was carried out for 594 (82.7%) patients, while neuraxial anesthesia was used alone for 98 (13.6%) patients and peripheral nerve blocks was used for 26 (3.6%) patients. The median operation time was 110 (65-180) minutes.

The group ICU+ comprised 178 (24.8%) patients, of which 12 were unplanned; 6 were admitted due to intraoperative complications, while the other 6 were admitted from the ward due to postoperative complications. Table 2 compares demographics, preoperative and intraoperative characteristics, DASI scores, the 3 different MeNTS scores with subdomains (procedure, disease, and patient factors), total hospital stay lengths, and rehospitalization rates in goup ICU+ and group ICU-.

View this table:
  • View inline
  • View popup
Table 2

- Comparison of group intensive care unit (-) and group intensive care unit (+).

When the subdomains of all 3 types of MeNTS scores were compared between groups ICU+ and ICU-, patients requiring an ICU stay had more complicated procedures with increased procedure domain scoring, operations requiring urgency with decreased disease domain scoring, and concomitant diseases with increased patient domain scoring (Table 2). Since the MeNTS-METs and MeNTS-DASI-5Q scores only change due to patient domain scoring, group ICU+ had higher patient domain scores for both MeNTS-METs and MeNTS-DASI-5Q (Table 2).

Figure 2 shows the ROC curves representing the carrying out of MeNTS, MeNTS-METs, and MeNTS-DASI-5Q scores for predicting ICU requirements. Area under the curves were good for the MeNTS-METs (AUC=0.806) and MeNTS-DASI-5Q (AUC=0.804) scores but fair for the original MeNTS score (AUC=0.782).

Figure 2
  • Download figure
  • Open in new tab
  • Download powerpoint
Figure 2

- Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve determining the carrying out of MeNTS, MeNTS-METs, and MeNTS-DASI-5Q score for predicting ICU requirement. Area under the curve (AUC)=0.782 (95% CI: [0.742-0.822]) for MeNTS score. Area under the curve=0.806 (95% CI: [0.769-0.843]) for MeNTS-METs, and AUC=0.804 (95% CI [0.766-0.841]) for MeNTS-DASI-5Q.

Postoperative complication severity, PCCs, MACCEs, and mortality in groups ICU+ and ICU- are shown in Table 3. Postoperative pulmonary complications were observed in 44 (6.1%) patients, of which 13 had 2 or more pulmonary complications, while postoperative MACCEs were observed in 22 (3.1%) patients. Three patients had pulmonary embolisms: 2 during their ICU stay and one on the ward on the ninth postoperative day, necessitating admittance to the ICU.

View this table:
  • View inline
  • View popup
Table 3

- Comparison of group intensive care unit (-) and group intensive care unit (+).

Median MeNTS scores were higher in patients with PPCs (58 [52.50-62] vs. 50 [44-55], p<0.001) and with MACCEs (57 [51-60] vs. 50 [44-56], p<0.001). The MeNTS, MeNTS-METs, and MeNTS-DASI-5Q subdomains were analysed according to the presence of PPCs and MACCEs (Table 4). According to Clavien-Dindo (CLD) classification, the total MeNTS scores were higher in patients with CLD ≥II than CLD <II (55 [48-61] vs. 49 [44-54], p<0.001). Mortality was observed in 9 (5.1%) patients and higher median MeNTS scores were calculated in these patients compared to survivors (58 [50.50-65] vs. 50 [44-56], p=0.018).

View this table:
  • View inline
  • View popup
Table 4

- Comparison according to the subdomains of medically necessary, time-sensitive, medically necessary, time-sensitive-metabolic equivalents, and medically necessary, time-sensitive-Duke activity status index-5 questions in patients with or without pulmonary and cardiovascular complications.

Discussion

In this study, we found that MeNTS scores were higher in patients requiring ICU care than in patients not requiring ICU care. Furthermore, the MeNTS scoring system incorporating functional capacity had better predictive accuracy for estimating ICU needs.

Determination of surgical patients requiring ICU admission is important. While underestimated admission might cause inadequate patient care on the ward, overestimation might misuse critical resources with increased stay length and costs.20 The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic further exacerbates this conundrum. In acute surges, prioritizing essential surgeries and predicting postoperative outcomes, ICU requirements, and prolonged stays are crucial for resource allocation strategies. Prioritization is also crucial in the remission era since a surgery backlog exists due to deferred cases, which can cause logistical and clinical challenges in an overloaded healthcare system.21,22 However, there are few tools to quantify prioritization.2-4,23 One of the most well-known tools is the MeNTS scoring system proposed by Prachand et al.5 It has been studied with several modifications to its surgical and patient domains in different surgery types and compared with other prioritization scales as detailed in Appendix 4.6-10,24-28 However, these studies have not focused on patient outcomes and ICU resource utilization.

In this study, we observed higher MeNTS scores than the full restriction period during the early phase of the pandemic.11 This finding is simply because increased operating room capacity and ICU beds result in more essential and discretionary elective surgeries. This dynamic change in prioritization due to resource availability and pandemic status had been predicted by Prachand et al.5

The MeNTS scoring can be discussed in terms of domains. The procedure domain mainly questions the severity and extensiveness of the operation. Procedure-related scores were higher in group ICU+ than in group ICU-. This finding is unsurprising since operation duration was longer in group ICU+, in which malignancy was also more prevalent, similar to other ICU admissions after non-cardiac major surgery.29,30 Notably, since one parameter of procedure factors is ICU need anticipation, ICU need for planned admissions may become a self-fulfilling prophecy. That is, high preoperative surgery anticipation may increase both the MeNTS score preoperatively and the frequency of our primary outcome postoperatively. Moreover, the anesthesia type may affect the procedure domain since general anesthesia and intubation increase procedure-related and total scores. We observed that patients with regional anesthesia had less ICU utilization, consistent with a meta-analysis that stated patients with regional anesthesia had decreased ICU admission odds.31 However, when patients with and without pulmonary and cardiovascular complications are compared, there is a marked increase in procedure-related scores, showing that other factors than ICU need anticipation are involved.

For the disease domain, group ICU+ had lower scores than group ICU-, indicating more patients in group ICU+ had limited non-surgical treatment options, and surgery could not be delayed without aggravating surgical difficulty or worsening outcomes. Moreover, patients with PPCs and MACCEs also had lower disease domain scores than those without complications, further showing that urgent surgery is associated with higher complications. Urgent surgeries have higher complication and mortality rates than elective surgeries, which can also explain the increased use of ICU resources by these patients.20,32

Finally, for the patient domain, group ICU+ had higher scores than group ICU- since patients needing ICU care were older, had higher ASA classes, and were frequent smokers, possibly indicating more comorbidities. Indeed, advanced age, prehospital comorbidities, higher ASA class, and elevated BMI were associated with more frequent ICU requirements postoperatively.29,30,33 In our study, the insignificant difference in BMI between group ICU+ and group ICU- is likely due to the relatively low number of obese or morbidly obese patients. We previously criticized the patient domain of MeNTS scoring since it is based on the presence of a limited number of comorbidities.11 Furthermore, the severity of comorbidities is determined from drug consumption rather than functional capacity measurements. Functional capacity is crucial for predicting perioperative risks and complications in surgical patients and can be incorporated by ASA physical status classification or DASI scores.34 While ASA classification had been incorporated into the MeNTS-OS scoring system in orthopedic surgery, all other patient domain items were excluded, which can be misleading since ASA classification is subject to substantial interobserver variability in score assignment.9,20,35

The DASI is a 12-item cardiopulmonary fitness index. Lower scores (<34) are associated with moderate-to-severe complications and new disability after elective non-cardiac operations.36 Integrating the DASI score into the preoperative assessment of surgical patients was suggested for estimating moderate to severe perioperative risks.36,37 In colorectal surgeries, patients with lower DASI scores had more overall and severe postoperative complications and more frequent hospital readmissions.38 We also found lower DASI scores in group ICU+ than in group ICU-. Furthermore, patient subdomain scores of the MeNTS and our 2 modifications were higher in patients with than without PPCs and MACCEs since comorbidities are also known to be associated with postoperative complications.39,40

Our study proposed incorporating patients’ functional status based on the DASI and tested its prognostic value for ICU resource planning. We added the original DASI as a METs value or the abbreviated 5-questionnaire DASI to the patient domain. We preferred not to exclude any item from the original MeNTS score. We did not incorporate ASA classification as proposed in MeNTS-OS.9 Instead, we preferred DASI scoring since the presence of disease is part of the ASA classification, which may cause the same data to incorrectly increase its weight in patient factor component scoring.

The DASI is not an easy score to compute preoperatively, especially with time and personnel shortages in the perioperative period. While the abbreviated 5-question DASI (M-DASI-5Q) does not fully reflect the main aggregated score information, it was similar to the original 12-question DASI in predicting anaerobic threshold and peak oxygen consumption. The M-DASI-5Q was advocated as a basic screening instrument for preoperative assessment of cardiopulmonary exercise testing to guide perioperative patient management.16 Our 2 modified MeNTS scores predicted the ICU requirement and ICU stay of ≥48 hours better than the original MeNTS score. Since both modified scores had similar predictive values, M-DASI-5Q integration can be preferred to the original scoring. Total MeNTS scores were higher in patients with moderate-to-severe postoperative complications than in patients with mild/no complications. As expected, hospital stays were prolonged and rehospitalization was more frequent in group ICU+, similar to other publications.29,30

While the COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing, the number of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 is substantially lower than during its major surges. Elective surgery prioritization could be adapted to any situation with limited resources, not just pandemics. We showed that postoperative resource utilization could be predicted better when the functional capacity assessment was added to a triage score.

Study limitations

First, while all surgical specialties except ophthalmology were included, the surgical specialty distribution was not homogenous. Secondly, we included 718 patients who underwent elective operations, which might be low for analyzing ICU requirements. However, our study was limited to the period between the third and fourth surges of the pandemic which we had semi-restricted capacity; we stopped including patients at the beginning of the new surge. Prioritization which also assesses the functional capacity might be used in other resource-limited conditions. On the other hand, it is essential to note that this was a single-center exploratory study, and therefore, the findings might not be generalizable for other different settings and it could be accepted as a limitation. To validate the predictive accuracy of the modified MeNTS scores in various settings, prospective multicenter studies should be carried out. Finally, we did not carry out an actual cost analysis for ICU resource utilization expenses.

In conclusion, determining functional capacity during the perioperative process might help the clinician estimate postoperative patient outcomes. Additionally, incorporating functional capacity into a surgical triage scoring system might improve the prediction of resource utilization. The 5-questionnaire modified DASI is an easier score to compute. Its results were similar to the original DASI when added to an elective surgery triage scoring system to estimate ICU needs. Therefore, this easy adaptation could be applied in priority scoring.

Acknowledgment

The authors gratefully acknowledge Cambridge Proofreading LLC (www.proofreading.org) for English language editing.

Appendix

View this table:
  • View inline
  • View popup
Appendix 1

- Medically necessary, time-sensitive scoring system.5

View this table:
  • View inline
  • View popup
Appendix 2

- Patient factors domain of MeNTS-METs score.

View this table:
  • View inline
  • View popup
Appendix 3

- Patient factors domain of MeNTS-DASI-5Q score.

View this table:
  • View inline
  • View popup
Appendix 4

- MeNTS scoring system and characteristics of related studies.

Footnotes

  • Disclosure. Authors have no conflict of interests, and the work was not supported or funded by any drug company.

  • Received May 2, 2023.
  • Accepted August 14, 2023.
  • Copyright: © Saudi Medical Journal

This is an Open Access journal and articles published are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (CC BY-NC). Readers may copy, distribute, and display the work for non-commercial purposes with the proper citation of the original work.

References

  1. 1.↵
    1. Radwan NM,
    2. Mahmoud NE,
    3. Alfaifi AH,
    4. Alabdulkareem KI.
    Comorbidities and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Saudi Med J 2020; 41: 1165–1174.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  2. 2.↵
    1. Abohamr SI,
    2. Abazid RM,
    3. Aldossari MA,
    4. Amer HA,
    5. Badhawi OS,
    6. Aljunaidi OM, et al.
    Clinical characteristics and in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 adult patients in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2020; 41: 1217–1226.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  3. 3.↵
    1. Moletta L,
    2. Pierobon ES,
    3. Capovilla G,
    4. Costantini M,
    5. Salvador R,
    6. Merigliano S, et al.
    International guidelines and recommendations for surgery during COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Int J Surg 2020; 79: 180–188.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  4. 4.↵
    1. de Almeida JR,
    2. Noel CW,
    3. Forner D,
    4. Zhang H,
    5. Nichols AC,
    6. Cohen MA, et al.
    Development and validation of a surgical prioritization and ranking tool and navigation aid for head and neck cancer (SPARTAN-HN) in a scarce resource setting: response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Cancer 2020; 126: 4895–4904.
    OpenUrl
  5. 5.↵
    1. Prachand VN,
    2. Milner R,
    3. Angelos P,
    4. Posner MC,
    5. Fung JJ,
    6. Agrawal N, et al.
    Medically necessary, time-sensitive procedures: scoring system to ethically and efficiently manage resource scarcity and provider risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Am Coll Surg 2020; 231: 281–288.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  6. 6.↵
    1. Marfori CQ,
    2. Klebanoff JS,
    3. Wu CZ,
    4. Barnes WA,
    5. Carter-Brooks CM,
    6. Amdur RL.
    Reliability and validity of 2 surgical prioritization systems for reinstating nonemergent benign gynecologic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2021; 28: 838–849.
    OpenUrl
  7. 7.
    1. Waxman S,
    2. Garg A,
    3. Torre S,
    4. Wasty N,
    5. Roelke M,
    6. Cohen M, et al.
    Prioritizing elective cardiovascular procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic: the cardiovascular medically necessary, time-sensitive procedure scorecard. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2020; 96: E602–E607.
    OpenUrl
  8. 8.
    1. Sharma A,
    2. Matos S,
    3. Ettema SL,
    4. Gregory SR,
    5. Javadi P,
    6. Johnson MD, et al.
    Development and assessment of an otolaryngology-specific surgical priority scoring system. OTO Open 2021; 5: 2473974X211012664.
    OpenUrl
  9. 9.↵
    1. Prabhakar SM,
    2. Decruz J,
    3. Kunnasegaran R.
    The MeNT-OS score for orthopaedic surgery: an objective scoring system for prioritisation of orthopaedic elective surgeries during a pandemic. Indian J Orthop 2021; 55: 314–322.
    OpenUrl
  10. 10.↵
    1. Saleeby E,
    2. Acree R,
    3. Wieslander C,
    4. Truong C,
    5. Garcia L,
    6. Eckhardt S, et al.
    Prioritizing surgical services during on-going pandemic response: modification and reliability of the medically necessary time sensitive surgery (MeNTS) scoring tool. J Med Syst 2021; 45: 59.
    OpenUrl
  11. 11.↵
    1. Dinçer MB,
    2. Güler MM,
    3. Gök AFK,
    4. İlhan M,
    5. Orhan-Sungur M,
    6. Özkan-Seyhan T, et al.
    Evaluation of postoperative complication with medically necessary, time-sensitive scoring system during acute COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective observational study. J Am Coll Surg 2021; 233: 435–444.
    OpenUrl
  12. 12.↵
    1. von Elm E,
    2. Altman DG,
    3. Egger M,
    4. Pocock SJ,
    5. Gøtzsche PC,
    6. Vandenbroucke JP.
    The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet 2007; 370: 1453–1457.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  13. 13.↵
    1. Stahel PF.
    How to risk-stratify elective surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic? Patient Saf Surg 2020; 14: 8.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  14. 14.↵
    1. Hlatky MA,
    2. Boineau RE,
    3. Higginbotham MB,
    4. Lee KL,
    5. Mark DB,
    6. Califf RM, et al.
    A brief self-administered questionnaire to determine functional capacity (the Duke activity status index). Am J Cardiol 1989; 64: 651–654.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  15. 15.↵
    1. Halvorsen S,
    2. Mehilli J,
    3. Cassese S,
    4. Hall TS,
    5. Abdelhamid M,
    6. Barbato E, et al.
    2022 ESC guidelines on cardiovascular assessment and management of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Eur Heart J 2022; 43: 3826–3924.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  16. 16.↵
    1. Riedel B,
    2. Li MH,
    3. Lee CHA,
    4. Ismail H,
    5. Cuthbertson BH,
    6. Wijeysundera DN, et al.
    A simplified (modified) Duke activity status index (M-DASI) to characterise functional capacity: a secondary analysis of the measurement of exercise tolerance before surgery (METS) study. Br J Anaesth 2021; 126: 181–190.
    OpenUrl
  17. 17.↵
    1. Dindo D,
    2. Demartines N,
    3. Clavien PA.
    Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg 2004; 240: 205–213.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  18. 18.↵
    1. Canet J,
    2. Gallart L,
    3. Gomar C,
    4. Paluzie G,
    5. Vallès J,
    6. Castillo J, et al.
    Prediction of postoperative pulmonary complications in a population-based surgical cohort. Anesthesiology 2010; 113: 1338–1350.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  19. 19.↵
    1. Sabaté S,
    2. Mases A,
    3. Guilera N,
    4. Canet J,
    5. Castillo J,
    6. Orrego C, et al.
    Incidence and predictors of major perioperative adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events in non-cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 2011; 107: 879–890.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  20. 20.↵
    1. Sobol JB,
    2. Wunsch H.
    Triage of high-risk surgical patients for intensive care. Crit Care 2011; 15: 217.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  21. 21.↵
    1. Mythen MG.
    COVID-19 and the challenges of the surgery backlog: the greatest healthcare innovation would be to do what we know. Br J Anaesth 2021; 127: 192–195.
    OpenUrl
  22. 22.↵
    1. Yoon DH,
    2. Koller S,
    3. Duldulao PMN,
    4. Ault GT,
    5. Lee SW,
    6. Cologne KG.
    COVID-19 impact on colorectal daily practice-how long will it take to catch up? J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 25: 260–268.
    OpenUrl
  23. 23.↵
    1. Truong WH,
    2. Ramo B,
    3. Birch C,
    4. Dodwell E,
    5. Johnson M,
    6. Lebel DE, et al.
    Prioritizing elective surgical cases during a pandemic or global crisis: the elective-pediatric orthopedic surgical timing (E-POST) score. J Pediatr Orthop 2022; 42: e397–e401.
    OpenUrl
  24. 24.
    1. Slidell MB,
    2. Kandel JJ,
    3. Prachand V,
    4. Baroody FM,
    5. Gundeti MS,
    6. Reid RR, et al.
    Pediatric modification of the medically necessary, time-sensitive scoring system for operating room procedure prioritization during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Am Coll Surg 2020; 231: 205–215.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  25. 25.
    1. Teja S,
    2. Mann C,
    3. Hooper P,
    4. Buys Y,
    5. Yin VT.
    The Canadian Ophthalmology Society’s adaptation of the medically necessary time-sensitive surgical procedures triage and prioritization tool. Can J Surg 2021; 64: E48–E50.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  26. 26.
    1. Coello I,
    2. Peraire M,
    3. de la Cruz M,
    4. Pieras EC.
    A prioritization score for elective urological surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: the medically necessary time-sensitive (MeNTS) score system. Urologia 2022; 89: 616–622.
    OpenUrl
  27. 27.
    1. Fernandez N,
    2. Prada S,
    3. Avansino J,
    4. Chavarriaga J,
    5. Hermida E,
    6. Perez J.
    Risk-based stratification triaging system in pediatric urology: what COVID-19 pandemic has taught us. Pediatr Surg Int 2021; 37: 827–833.
    OpenUrl
  28. 28.
    1. Cohn JA,
    2. Ghiraldi EM,
    3. Uzzo RG,
    4. Simhan J.
    A critical appraisal of the American College of Surgeons medically necessary, time sensitive procedures (MeNTS) scoring system, urology consensus recommendations and individual surgeon case prioritization for resumption of elective urological surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Urol 2021; 205: 241–247.
    OpenUrl
  29. 29.↵
    1. Bruceta M,
    2. De Souza L,
    3. Carr ZJ,
    4. Bonavia A,
    5. Kunselman AR,
    6. Karamchandani K.
    Post-operative intensive care unit admission after elective non-cardiac surgery: a single-center analysis of the NSQIP database. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2020; 64: 319–328.
    OpenUrl
  30. 30.↵
    1. Jerath A,
    2. Laupacis A,
    3. Austin PC,
    4. Wunsch H,
    5. Wijeysundera DN.
    Intensive care utilization following major noncardiac surgical procedures in Ontario, Canada: a population-based study. Intensive Care Med 2018; 44: 1427–1435.
    OpenUrl
  31. 31.↵
    1. Smith LM,
    2. Cozowicz C,
    3. Uda Y,
    4. Memtsoudis SG,
    5. Barrington MJ.
    Neuraxial and combined neuraxial/general anesthesia compared to general anesthesia for major truncal and lower limb surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anesth Analg 2017; 125: 1931–1945.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  32. 32.↵
    1. Mullen MG,
    2. Michaels AD,
    3. Mehaffey JH,
    4. Guidry CA,
    5. Turrentine FE,
    6. Hedrick TL, et al.
    Risk associated with complications and mortality after urgent surgery vs elective and emergency surgery: implications for defining “quality” and reporting outcomes for urgent surgery. JAMA Surg 2017; 152: 768–774.
    OpenUrl
  33. 33.↵
    STARSurg Collaborative. Critical care usage after major gastrointestinal and liver surgery: a prospective, multicentre observational study. Br J Anaesth 2019; 122: 42–50.
    OpenUrl
  34. 34.↵
    1. Fleisher LA,
    2. Fleischmann KE,
    3. Auerbach AD,
    4. Barnason SA,
    5. Beckman JA,
    6. Bozkurt B, et al.
    2014 ACC/AHA guideline on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 64: e77–e137.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  35. 35.↵
    1. Owens WD,
    2. Felts JA,
    3. Spitznagel EL Jr.
    ASA physical status classifications: a study of consistency of ratings. Anesthesiology 1978; 49: 239–243.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  36. 36.↵
    1. Wijeysundera DN,
    2. Beattie WS,
    3. Hillis GS,
    4. Abbott TEF,
    5. Shulman MA,
    6. Ackland GL, et al.
    Integration of the Duke activity status index into preoperative risk evaluation: a multicentre prospective cohort study. Br J Anaesth 2020; 124: 261–270.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  37. 37.↵
    1. Fleisher LA.
    Preoperative evaluation in 2020: does exercise capacity fit into decision-making? Br J Anaesth 2020; 125: 224–226.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  38. 38.↵
    1. El-Kefraoui C,
    2. Rajabiyazdi F,
    3. Pecorelli N,
    4. Carli F,
    5. Lee L,
    6. Feldman LS, et al.
    Prognostic value of the Duke activity status index (DASI) in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. World J Surg 2021; 45: 3677–3685.
    OpenUrl
  39. 39.↵
    1. Wang JB,
    2. Zheng CH,
    3. Li P,
    4. Xie JW,
    5. Lin JX,
    6. Lu J, et al.
    Effect of comorbidities on postoperative complications in patients with gastric cancer after laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy: results from an 8-year experience at a large-scale single center. Surg Endosc 2017; 31: 2651–2660.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  40. 40.↵
    1. Klevebro F,
    2. Elliott JA,
    3. Slaman A,
    4. Vermeulen BD,
    5. Kamiya S,
    6. Rosman C, et al.
    Cardiorespiratory comorbidity and postoperative complications following esophagectomy: a European multicenter cohort study. Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 26: 2864–2873.
    OpenUrl
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

Saudi Medical Journal: 44 (9)
Saudi Medical Journal
Vol. 44, Issue 9
1 Sep 2023
  • Table of Contents
  • Cover (PDF)
  • Index by author
Print
Download PDF
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Saudi Medical Journal.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Integration of functional capacity to medically necessary, time-sensitive scoring system
(Your Name) has sent you a message from Saudi Medical Journal
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the Saudi Medical Journal web site.
Citation Tools
Integration of functional capacity to medically necessary, time-sensitive scoring system
Ahmet K. Koltka, Müşerref B. Dinçer, Mehmet Güzel, Mukadder Orhan-Sungur, Tülay Özkan-Seyhan, Demet Altun, Ali Fuat Kaan Gök, Mehmet İlhan
Saudi Medical Journal Sep 2023, 44 (9) 921-932; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.9.20230318

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Integration of functional capacity to medically necessary, time-sensitive scoring system
Ahmet K. Koltka, Müşerref B. Dinçer, Mehmet Güzel, Mukadder Orhan-Sungur, Tülay Özkan-Seyhan, Demet Altun, Ali Fuat Kaan Gök, Mehmet İlhan
Saudi Medical Journal Sep 2023, 44 (9) 921-932; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.9.20230318
Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
Bookmark this article

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Acknowledgment
    • Appendix
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • eLetters
  • References
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • No citing articles found.
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • Exploring communication challenges with children and parents among pharmacists in Saudi Arabia
  • Exploring hypothyroidism’s effects on lipid profiles
  • Assessment of asthma control levels in a tertiary hospital
Show more Original Article

Similar Articles

Keywords

  • intensive care units
  • metabolic equivalent
  • triage
  • elective surgical procedures

CONTENT

  • home

JOURNAL

  • home

AUTHORS

  • home
Saudi Medical Journal

© 2025 Saudi Medical Journal Saudi Medical Journal is copyright under the Berne Convention and the International Copyright Convention.  Saudi Medical Journal is an Open Access journal and articles published are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (CC BY-NC). Readers may copy, distribute, and display the work for non-commercial purposes with the proper citation of the original work. Electronic ISSN 1658-3175. Print ISSN 0379-5284.

Powered by HighWire