Impact of pulmonary infection after radical esophagectomy on serum inflammatory markers, pulmonary function indices, and prognosis

Wu Wang; Tianbao Yang; Jinbiao Xie; Shijie Huang

doi:10.15537/smj.2024.45.1.20230504

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Table 1

- Clinical characteristics of the 2 groups.

Characteristics	Infected group (n=51)	Uninfected group (n=227)	χ²/t	P-values
Age (years)	58.36±3.82	58.09±3.95	0.444	0.558
Gender
Male	33 (65.0)	139 (61.0)	0.213	0.645
Female	18 (35.0)	88 (39.0)	0.213	0.645
Smoking history	31 (61.0)	76 (33.0)	13.113	<0.001
Diabetes mellitus	26 (51.0)	55 (24.0)	14.434	<0.001
Hypertension	18 (45.0)	71 (31.0)	0.309	0.578
TNM stage
I	8 (15.0)	41 (18.0)	1.415	0.493
II	33 (65.0)	156 (69.0)
III	10 (20.0)	30 (13.0)
Surgical method
Minimal invasive	41 (80.0)	198 (87.0)	1.612	0.204
Open	10 (20.0)	29 (13.0)	1.612	0.204
Operation time (h)	5.68±0.76	4.72±0.64	9.339	<0.001
Blood loss (mL)	192.34±23.68	188.36±24.71	1.047	0.103
Alb (g/L)	36.18±5.05	42.64±6.17	-6.968	<0.001

Values are presented as numbers and precentages (%) or mean ± standard deviation (SD).

TNM: tumour, node, and metastasis, Alb: albumin, h: hour

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Table 2

- Comparisons of serum inflammatory markers and pulmonary function indices before and after the operation between the 2 groups.

Indexes	Infected group (n=51)				Uninfected group (n=227)				P-values^{^†}
	Before the operation (one day)^a	After the operation (7 days)	D-value^c	P-values^{^*}	Before the operation (one day) ^b	After the operation (7 days)	D-value^d	P-values^{^*}	a vs. b	c vs. d
IL-6 (ng/L)	1.24±0.26	16.19±2.63	13.84±2.07	<0.001	1.26±0.28	8.95±1.71	7.03±0.96	<0.001	0.862	<0.001
TNF-α (ng/mL)	1.18±0.33	19.64±3.07	17.56±2.18	<0.001	1.15±0.36	9.48±2.62	7.11±1.14	<0.001	0.619	<0.001
IL-1β (ng/L)	7.23±2.68	22.49±5.13	14.77±2.45	<0.001	7.41±2.82	15.03±4.29	6.98±1.92	<0.001	0.724	<0.001
WBC (×10⁹/L)	6.75±1.96	12.65±2.14	5.83±0.67	<0.001	6.81±2.02	9.04±1.81	2.21±0.56	<0.001	0.707	<0.001
NEU%	56.14±7.19	67.04±10.48	10.39±1.21	<0.001	55.73±8.71	61.03±9.35	4.04±0.52	<0.001	0.597	<0.001
PLT (×10⁹/L)	223.64±67.48	249.82±63.26	24.20±4.39	<0.001	225.78±69.32	236.13±67.51	10.32±2.21	<0.001	0.621	<0.001
FEV₁ (L)	2.86±0.18	0.95±0.09	-1.93±0.08	<0.001	2.81±0.12	1.48±0.10	-1.21±0.07	<0.001	0.806	<0.001
FVC (L)	3.28±0.52	1.91±0.47	-1.35±0.22	<0.001	3.31±0.56	2.59±0.66	0.68±0.12	<0.001	0.753	<0.001
FEV1/FVC (%)	87.24±3.19	48.82±3.05	-38.34±2.72	<0.001	87.78±3.07	59.31±3.05	26.48±2.09	<0.001	0.776	<0.001

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD).

TNF: tumor necrosis factor, IL: interleukin, WBC: white blood cell, NEU%: percentage of neutrophils, PLT: platelet, FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second, FVC: forced vital capacity, vs: versus

↵ ^* Indicates paired t-test.
↵ ^† Indicates independent samples t-test.

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Table 3

- Comparisons of postoperative complications and short-term prognosis between the 2 groups.

Indexes	Infected group (n=51)	Uninfected group (n=227)	χ²	P-values
Arrhythmia	8 (15.69)	3 (1.32)	-	<0.001
Heart failure	2 (3.92)	1 (0.44)	-	0.088
Atelectasis	2 (3.92)	1 (0.44)	-	0.088
Pulmonary embolism	1 (1.96)	2 (0.88)	-	0.457
Death	5 (9.80)	1 (0.44)	-	0.001