Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Role of sonography in detection and evaluation of post liver transplant complications

Muna M. Babikir, Mohammed H. Alkhalaf, Hamad M. Al Bahili, Magda M. Babiker, Ali A. Alyami, Abdulaziz I. Alrashed, Abdullah A. Alhajeri and Najla M. Alkhelaiwi
Saudi Medical Journal October 2024, 45 (10) 1041-1048; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2024.45.10.20240320

Article Figures & Data

Figures

  • Figure 1
    Figure 1

    - Dilated intrahepatic bile ducts seen 6 months after transplantation in a 17-month female who received a (left lobe) living related donor liver graft. Note the usage of color and power Doppler to differentiate between bile ducts and vasculatures.

  • Figure 2
    Figure 2

    - Frequency distributions. A) Frequency distribution of the overall complications. B) Frequency distribution of vascular complications.

  • Figure 3
    Figure 3

    - Hepatic cellular carcinoma representing a primary disease recurrency 2 years after liver transplantation. A) Gray scale sonogram revealing a hypoechoic lesion seen within the liver graft. B) Correlative magnetic resonance imaging abdomen demonstrating multiple hepatic lesions (blue arrows).

  • Figure 4
    Figure 4

    - Spectral wave measurement of hepatic artery resistive index in day 1 and 5. A) High RI of hepatic artery (0.84) one day after the transplantation. B) Normalization of the HA RI (0.65) by day 5. HA: hepatic artery, RI: resistive index

Tables

  • Table 1

    - Demographic data, complications, cause of death, and mortality/year.

    Variablesn (%)
    Gender
    Male72 (59.0)
    Female50 (41.0)
    Age groups
    0.5-14 years40 (32.8)
    15-35 years19 (15.6)
    36-53 years16 (13.1)
    54-71 years45 (36.9)
    72-89 years2 (1.6)
    Graft appearance
    Homogeneous82 (67.2)
    Heterogeneous15 (12.3)
    Hyperechoic25 (20.5)
    Graft types
    Deceased10 (8.1)
    Living non-related doner17 (13.9)
    Living related doner95 (77.8)
    Adults - pediatrics
    Adults82 (67.2)
    Pediatrics40 (32.8)
    General complications
    Acute cellular rejection2 (1.6)
    Bile leak9 (7.4)
    Biliary dilation15 (12.3)
    Chronic rejection1 (0.8)
    Collection69 (56.6)
    Malignancy1 (0.8)
    None16 (13.1)
    Vascular9 (7.4)
    Type of VCs
    Hepatic artery stenosis1 (0.8)
    Hepatic artery thrombosis1 (0.8)
    IVC thrombosis1 (0.8)
    None113 (92.6)
    Portal vein thrombosis5 (4.1)
    Portal vein thrombosis with hepatic artery stenosis1 (0.8)
    Causes of death
    Cardiopulmonary4 (19.0)
    Infection3 (14.3)
    Other causes6 (28.6)
    Primary graft non-function1 (4.8)
    Renal impairment1 (4.8)
    Sepsis4 (19.0)
    Septic shock1 (4.8)
    VC1 (4.8)
    Early post operative mortality
    20161 (8.3)
    20177 (53.8)
    20183 (11.1)
    20195 (16.7)
    20202 (14.3)
    20213 (14.3)
    20220 (0.0)

    Values are presented as numbers and percentages (%).

    VC: vascular complication, IVC: inferior vena cava

    • Table 2

      - Descriptive statistics of Doppler parameters.

      ParametersMean±SDMinimumMaximum
      Hepatic artery (RI)
      Day 1-30.6907±0.103520.560.90
      Day 7-100.6853±0.99940.430.90
      Day 14-180.6898±0.101170.420.88
      Day 20-300.6649±0.137140.510.86
      Portal vein velocity (cm/sec)
      Day 1-363.6535±29.1700021146.00
      Day 7-1053.2178±26.3175215140.00
      Day 14-1845.6337±21.2869617130.00
      Day 20-3038.0594±17.8856514100.00

      SD: standard deviation

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