Cognitive functions among school-going children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Matched case-control cross-sectional study

Article Figures & Data

Download figure
Open in new tab
Download powerpoint
Figure 1
- Pathophysiological mechanisms of type 1 diabetes mellitus and cognitive function impairment.

Table 1

- Descriptive analysis of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and control group.

Variables	Control group (n=32)	T1DM group (n=32)	P-values
Age (years)	15.23±1.46	14.77±1.14	0.17
Height (cm)	163.85±8.47	163.37±8.66	0.83
Weight (kg)	64.04±15.64	63.52±13.76	0.89
BMI (kg/m2)	23.64±4.26	23.68±4.24	0.98
HbA1C (%)	--	9.6±2.20	--
Gender
Male	17 (53.3)	17 (53.3)	--
Female	15 (46.7)	15 (46.7)	--
Duration of T1DM (years)
>5 years	--	9 (28.1)	--
5-10 years	--	20 (62.5)	--
>10 years	--	3 (9.4)	--

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or numbers and percentages (%).

T1DM: type 1 diabetes mellitus, BMI: body mass index, HbA1C: hemoglobin A1C

Table 2

- Cognitive function tests comparison between type 1 diabetic patients and matched control.

Tests	T1DM group	Control group	P-values
AST mean correct latency (ms)	1007.70±174.79	491.10±148.67	<0.001
AST mean correct latency, congruent (ms)	971.09±182.41	483.60±115.93	<0.001
AST mean correct latency, incongruent (ms)	1046.85±169.06	467.30±141.73	<0.001
CRT mean correct latency (ms)	515.24±111.30	411.77±82.78	<0.001

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD).

T1DM: type 1 diabetes mellitus, AST: attention seeking test, CRT: choice reaction time, ms: milliseconds

Table 3

- Cognitive function test with type 1 diabetic patients categorized by hemoglobin A1c level and their matched control.

Tests	T1DM group	Control group	P-values
HbA1C <8% (n=9)
AST mean correct latency (ms)	985.69±186.47	501.71±170.85	<0.001
AST mean correct latency, congruent (ms)	944.37±197.07	390.71±89.92	<0.001
AST mean correct latency, incongruent (ms)	1028.81±176.39	528.86±179.23	<0.001
CRT mean correct latency (ms)	476.90±70.97	446.86±118.04	0.287
HbA1C ≥8% (n=23)
AST mean correct latency (ms)	1014.01±179.00	485.14±148.17	<0.001
AST mean correct latency, congruent (ms)	978.10±185.78	509.18±111.03	<0.001
AST mean correct latency, incongruent (ms)	1052.83±174.45	445.09±128.93	<0.001
CRT mean correct latency (ms)	533.63±120.82	398.86±69.48	<0.001

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD).

T1DM: type 1 diabetes mellitus, HbA1C: hemoglobin A1C, AST: attention seeking test, CRT: choice reaction time, ms: milliseconds

Table 4

- Cognitive function test with type 1 diabetic patients categorized by duration of diabetes and their matched controls.

Duration of T1DM	T1DM group	Control group	P-values
<5 years (n=9)
AST mean correct latency (ms)	991.45±125.25	558.67±171.32	<0.001
AST mean correct latency, congruent (ms)	944.71±122.36	440.56±141.21	<0.001
AST mean correct latency, incongruent (ms)	1039.03±127.84	496.22±177.89	<0.001
CRT mean correct latency (ms)	462.04±76.06	418.44±105.34	0.373
5-10 years (n=20)
AST mean correct latency (ms)	983.96±201.96	454.59±121.28	0.001
AST mean correct latency, congruent (ms)	947.24±208.97	516.18±90.70	0.001
AST mean correct latency, incongruent (ms)	1024.32±197.29	468.00±135.78	0.001
CRT mean correct latency (ms)	532.17±120.07	418.12±78.50	0.03
>10 years (n=3)
AST mean correct latency (ms)	1135.60±98.174	448.00±201.70	0.006
AST mean correct latency, congruent (ms)	1126.26±116.06	459.67±163.11	0.004
AST mean correct latency, incongruent (ms)	1146.00±78.70	379.00±41.24	0.001
CRT mean correct latency (ms)	546.46±143.91	364.00±37.51	0.101