Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
- Flow diagram of the study subjects.
Tables
- Table 1
- The outcomes characteristics of adult patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease-19 from January to June 2022 according to their immunity (n=634).
Characteristics All (n=634) Not immunized (n=215) Partially immunized (n=125) Fully immunized (n=294) P-values Entry to hospital Emergency room 486 (76.7) 153 (71.1) 106 (84.8) 227 (77.2) 0.078 In patients 99 (15.6) 42 (19.5) 12 (9.6) 45 (15.3) Referral 49 (7.7) 20 (9.3) 7 (5.6) 22 (7.5) Admission department Ward 490 (77.8) 151 (70.2) 99 (79.2) 240 (81.6) 0.010 Emergency room 13 (2.1) 5 (2.3) 5 (4.0) 3 (1.0) ICU 131 (20.7) 59 (27.4) 21 (16.5) 51 (17.3) Length of hospital stay in days, median (IQR) 5.0 (3.0-8.0) 6.0 (4.0-10.0) 5.0 (3.0-6.0) 5.0 (3.0-7.0) 0.001 Oxygen therapy and ventilation No oxygen 292 (46.1) 81 (37.7) 60 (48.0) 151 (51.4) 0.006 Mask/cannula 180 (28.4) 66 (30.4) 38 (30.4) 76 (25.9) Non-invasive 66 (10.4) 20 (9.3) 14 (11.2) 32 (10.9) Mechanical 96 (15.1) 48 (22.3) 13 (10.4) 35 (11.9) World Health Organization classification for covid-19 severity Mild/moderate 292 (46.1) 81 (37.7) 60 (48.0) 151 (51.4) 0.002 Severe 246 (38.8) 86 (40.0) 52 (41.6) 108 (36.7) Critical 96 (15.1) 48 (22.3) 13 (10.4) 35 (11.9) Clinical outcomes Cure 506 (79.8) 147 (68.4) 102 (81.6) 257 (87.4) <0.001 Death 128 (20.2) 69 (31.6) 23 (18.4) 37 (12.6) Values are presented as numbers and precentages (%) or median and interquartile range (IQR). ICU: intensive care unit
- Table 2
- Demographic and clinical characteristics of adult patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease-19 from January to June 2022 according to their outcomes (n=634).
Characteristics All (n=634) Cure (n=506) Deceased (n=128) P-values Age (years), mean±SD 62.4±22.8 59.6±23.5 73.4±16.2 <0.001 <60 246 (38.8) 224 (44.3) 22 (17.2) <0.001 ≥60 388 (61.2) 282 (55.7) 106 (82.8) Gender Female 317 (50.0) 262 (51.38) 55 (43.0) 0.075 Male 317 (50.0) 244 (48.2) 73 (57.0) Nationality Saudi 560 (88.3) 447 (88.3) 113 (88.3) 0.985 Non-Saudi 74 (11.7) 59 (11.7) 15 (11.7) Past history of COVID-19 No 594 (93.7) 467 (92.3) 127 (99.2) 0.004 Yes 40 (6.3) 39 (7.7) 1 (0.8) Comorbidities (underline chronic diseases) No 360 (56.8) 328 (64.8) 32 (25.0) <0.001 Yes 274 (43.2) 178 (35.2) 96 (75.0) Diabetes mellitus No 458 (72.2) 398 (78.7) 60 (46.9) <0.001 Yes 176 (27.8) 108 (21.3) 68 (53.1) Hypertension No 445 (70.2) 387 (76.5) 58 (45.3) <0.001 Yes 189 (29.8) 119 (23.5) 70 (54.7) Chronic heart disease No 610 (96.2) 490 (96.8) 120 (93.7) 0.089 Yes 24 (3.8) 16 (3.2) 8 (6.3) Asthma No 617 (97.3) 496 (98.0) 121 (94.5) 0.075 Yes 17 (2.7) 10 (2.0) 7 (5.5) Chronic kidney disease No 619 (97.6) 500 (98.8) 119 (93.0) 0.001 Yes 15 (2.4) 6 (1.2) 9 (7.0) Other comorbidities (SCA, obesity, immunosuppression, malignancies, and others) No 612 (96.1) 487 (96.0) 125 (96.1) 0.608 Yes 25 (3.9) 20 (4.0) 5 (3.9) Vaccination status 1 dose 87 (13.7) 69 (13.6) 18 (14.1) <0.001 2 doses 244 (38.5) 210 (41.5) 34 (26.6) 3 doses 88 (13.9) 80 (15.8) 8 (6.3) Not vaccinated 215 (33.9) 147 (29.1) 68 (53.1) Entry to hospital ER 486 (76.7) 421 (83.2) 65 (50.8) <0.001 In patients 99 (15.6) 69 (13.6) 30 (23.4) Referral 49 (7.7) 16 (3.2) 33 (25.8) Admission department Word 493 (77.8) 464 (91.7) 26 (20.3) <0.001 ER 13 (2.1) 11 (2.2) 2 (1.6) ICU 128 (20.2) 31 (6.1) 100 (78.1) Admission after infection with COVID-19 in days, median (IQR) 0.0 (0.0-2.0) 0.0 (0.0-2.0) 0.5 (0.0-2.5) 0.221 Length of hospital stay in days, median (IQR) 5.0 (3.0-8.0) 5.0 (3.0-7.0) 7.0 (4.0-13.5) <0.001 Oxygen therapy and ventilation No oxygen 292 (46.1) 286 (56.5) 6 (4.7) <0.001 Mask/cannula 180 (28.4) 158 (31.2) 22 (17.2) Non-invasive 66 (10.4) 55 (10.9) 11 (8.6) Mechanical 96 (15.1) 7 (1.4) 89 (69.5) World Health Organization classification for COVID-19 severity Mild/moderate 292 (46.1) 286 (56.5) 6 (4.7) <0.001 Severe 246 (38.8) 213 (42.1) 33 (25.8) Critical 96 (15.1) 7 (1.4) 89 (69.5) Values are presented as numbers and precentages (%), mean ± standard deviation (SD), or median and interquartile range (IQR).
SCA: sickle cell anemia, ER: emergency room, ICU: intensive care unit, COVID-19: coronavirus disease-19
- Table 3
- Multivariate analysis of the variables predicting morbidity and mortality in adult patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease-19 from January to June 2022 (n=634).
Characteristics Death ICU Admission Mechanical ventilation Length of hospital stay exceeding 5 days OR (95% CI) P-values OR (95% CI) P-values OR (95% CI) P-values OR (95% CI) P-values Not immunized 3.03 (1.85-4.98) <0.001 1.91 (1.17-3.11) 0.009 2.11 (1.25-3.56) 0.005 1.79 (1.24-2.59) 0.002 Partially immunized 1.75 (0.98-3.15) 0.059 1.69 (0.91-3.15) 0.099 2.33 (1.15-4.72) 0.019 1.80 (1.14-2.84) 0.011 Age (≥60 years) 2.20 (1.25-3.86) 0.006 0.78 (0.46-1.32) 0.361 1.20 (0.67-2.16) 0.538 1.20 (0.84-1.74) 0.309 Gender (male) 1.29 (0.83-2.00) 0.263 1.77 (1.13-2.76) 0.012 1.58 (0.97-2.58) 0.066 0.83 (0.60-1.15) 0.268 Past history of COVID-19 (yes) 0.11 (0.01-0.86) 0.036 0.00 (0.00-0.00) 0.997 0.00 (0.00-0.00) 0.997 1.22 (0.63-2.37) 0.543 Comorbidities (yes) 3.35 (1.55-7.20) 0.002 5.07 (2.40-10.67) <0.001 4.76 (2.11-10.77) <0.001 1.17 (0.63-2.15) 0.611 Diabetes mellitus (yes) 1.46 (0.80-2.65) 0.221 1.12 (0.63-1.96) 0.707 1.29 (0.69-2.41) 0.421 0.85 (0.55-1.45) 0.551 hypertension (yes) 1.04 (0.55-1.98) 0.899 1.62 (0.88-2.99) 0.124 1.02 (0.53-1.96) 0.962 0.35 (0.77-2.36) 0.293 Asthma (yes) 1.85 (0.57-5.99) 0.304 0.87 (0.26-2.90) 0.823 0.00 (0.00-0.00) 0.998 1.04 (0.36-3.02) 0.947 Chronic heart disease (yes) 0.76 (0.28-1.98) 0.569 0.68 (0.27-1.74) 0.419 1.07 (0.41-2.74) 0.895 0.50 (0.20-1.26) 0.142 Chronic kidney disease (yes) 3.06 (0.99-9.49) 0.053 3.98 (1.17-13.47) 0.027 2.12 (0.68-6.61) 0.196 3.58 (1.05-12.18) 0.041 Values are presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). References: fully vaccinated, age <60 years, gender (female), past history of COVID (no), comorbidities (no), diabetes mellitus (no), hypertension (no), asthma (no), chronic heart disease (no), and chronic kidney disease (no). COVID-19: coronavirus disease-19, ICU: intensive care unit
