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Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile infection at a tertiary care facility in Saudi Arabia

Results of prospective surveillance

Naoufel M. Kaabia, Hanadi Al Basha, Dalal A. Bukhari, Nabiha Bouafia, Aeshah N. Al Qahtani, Ahmad M. Alshahrani, Ismail M. Aboushanab and Abdulrahman N. Al Odayani
Saudi Medical Journal February 2024, 45 (2) 188-193; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2024.45.2.20230398
Naoufel M. Kaabia
From the Infection Control and Prevention Centre of Excellence (Kaabia, Al Basha, Bukhari, Bouafia, Al Qahtani, Aboushanab, Al Odayani), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, and from the Department of specialty? (Alshahrani), Al Maarefa University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Hanadi Al Basha
From the Infection Control and Prevention Centre of Excellence (Kaabia, Al Basha, Bukhari, Bouafia, Al Qahtani, Aboushanab, Al Odayani), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, and from the Department of specialty? (Alshahrani), Al Maarefa University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Dalal A. Bukhari
From the Infection Control and Prevention Centre of Excellence (Kaabia, Al Basha, Bukhari, Bouafia, Al Qahtani, Aboushanab, Al Odayani), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, and from the Department of specialty? (Alshahrani), Al Maarefa University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Nabiha Bouafia
From the Infection Control and Prevention Centre of Excellence (Kaabia, Al Basha, Bukhari, Bouafia, Al Qahtani, Aboushanab, Al Odayani), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, and from the Department of specialty? (Alshahrani), Al Maarefa University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Aeshah N. Al Qahtani
From the Infection Control and Prevention Centre of Excellence (Kaabia, Al Basha, Bukhari, Bouafia, Al Qahtani, Aboushanab, Al Odayani), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, and from the Department of specialty? (Alshahrani), Al Maarefa University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Ahmad M. Alshahrani
From the Infection Control and Prevention Centre of Excellence (Kaabia, Al Basha, Bukhari, Bouafia, Al Qahtani, Aboushanab, Al Odayani), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, and from the Department of specialty? (Alshahrani), Al Maarefa University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Ismail M. Aboushanab
From the Infection Control and Prevention Centre of Excellence (Kaabia, Al Basha, Bukhari, Bouafia, Al Qahtani, Aboushanab, Al Odayani), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, and from the Department of specialty? (Alshahrani), Al Maarefa University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Abdulrahman N. Al Odayani
From the Infection Control and Prevention Centre of Excellence (Kaabia, Al Basha, Bukhari, Bouafia, Al Qahtani, Aboushanab, Al Odayani), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, and from the Department of specialty? (Alshahrani), Al Maarefa University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Article Figures & Data

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  • Figure 1
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    Figure 1

    - Hospital onset-Clostridioides difficile infection incidence rate from July 2019 to March 2022 in Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. ICU: intensive care unit, SOT: solid organ transplant, HSCT: hematopoietic stem cell transplant

  • Figure 2
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    Figure 2

    - Prevalence of known Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) risk factors noted in our study. ICU: intensive care unit, W: week

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    Figure 3

    - Antibiotics prescribed during Clostridioides difficile infection diagnosis.

Tables

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    Table 1

    - Characteristics of inpatients with Clostridioides difficile infection (n=130).

    Epidemiological and outcome datan (%)
    Gender
    Male67 (51.5)
    Female63 (48.5)
    Age
    Pediatrics patients (≤14 years)23 (17.6) patients
    Adults107 (82.4)
    15-65 year old58 (44.7)
    >65 year old49 (37.7)
    Total CDI cases (n=139)
    Incident cases130 (93.5) cases
    Recurrent cases9 (6.5) cases
    Hospital onset102 (73.4)
    Community onset12 (8.7)
    Community onset hospital associated25 (17.9)
    Mean CDI incidence rate
    Hospital wide1.62 cases/10000PD
    ICUs3 cases/10000 PD
    Oncology-SOT, HSCT2.72 cases/10000PD
    Presence of CDI risk factors
    Patients with zero risk factor3 (2.4)
    Patients with 1-3 risk factors84 (64.6)
    Patients with more 3 risk factors43 (33.0)
    Antibiotic prescription at the moment of CDI diagnosis
    Yes56 (40.2)
    No83 (59.8)
    CDI complications
    Toxic mega colon2 (1.4) cases
    Refractory colitis1 (0.7) case
    28-day mortality rate5 (3.8)

    Values are presented as numbers and precentages (%).

    CDI: Clostridioides difficile infection, ICU: intensive care unit, SOT: solid organ transplant, HSCT: hematopoietic stem cell transplant, PD: patient days

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    Saudi Medical Journal: 45 (2)
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    1 Feb 2024
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    Epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile infection at a tertiary care facility in Saudi Arabia
    Naoufel M. Kaabia, Hanadi Al Basha, Dalal A. Bukhari, Nabiha Bouafia, Aeshah N. Al Qahtani, Ahmad M. Alshahrani, Ismail M. Aboushanab, Abdulrahman N. Al Odayani
    Saudi Medical Journal Feb 2024, 45 (2) 188-193; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2024.45.2.20230398

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    Epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile infection at a tertiary care facility in Saudi Arabia
    Naoufel M. Kaabia, Hanadi Al Basha, Dalal A. Bukhari, Nabiha Bouafia, Aeshah N. Al Qahtani, Ahmad M. Alshahrani, Ismail M. Aboushanab, Abdulrahman N. Al Odayani
    Saudi Medical Journal Feb 2024, 45 (2) 188-193; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2024.45.2.20230398
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    Keywords

    • Clostridioides difficile
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    • risk factor
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    • Saudi Arabia

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