Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
- Patients risk factors. DM: diabetes mellitus, HTN: hypertension, DLP: dyslipidemia, IHD: ischemic heart disease, PAD: peripheral artery disease, CHF: congestive heart failure, Afib: atrial fibrillation, TIA: transient ischemic attack, CKD: chronic kidney disease, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Tables
Variables n (%) Age, mean±SD (years) 66.9±9.88 Gender Male 31 (57.4) Female 23 (42.6) Smoking status Smoker 9 (16.7) Non-smoker 45 (83.3) Neurological status Stroke* 30 (55.6) TIA 11 (20.4) Asymptomatic 13 (24.1) Degree of ipsilateral stenosis Moderate (50-69%) 2 (3.7) Severe (70-99%) 52 (96.3) Status of the contralateral side No stenosis 22 (40.7) Mild (<50%) 16 (29.6) Moderate (50-69%) 1 (1.9) Severe (70-99%) 10 (18.5) Complete occlusion (100%) 5 (9.3) Preoperative medication Single antiplatelet therapy 22 (40.7) Dual antiplatelet therapy 32 (59.3) Interval between symptoms and surgery, mean±SD 15.4±11.2 Values are presented as numbers and precentages (%) or mean ± standard deviation (SD).
TIA: transient ischemic attack
↵* Symptoms lasting more than 24 hours.
Variables n (%) Time from symptoms to surgery (days), mean±SD 15.4±11.2 Operated side Right side 29 (53.7) Left side 25 (46.3) Anesthesia General anesthesia 53 (98.1) Regional anesthesia 1 (1.9) Patch Pericardium patch 51 (94.4) Dacron patch 3 (5.6) Carotid clamp time (min), mean±SD 5.3±3.7 Values are presented as numbers and precentages (%) or mean ± standard deviation (SD).
Variables n (%) Primary 30-day outcomes Stroke 2 (3.7) Mortality 1 (1.9) Secondary outcomes Surgical site hematoma 7 (12.9) Seizure 2 (3.7) Hoarseness of voice 1 (1.9) Surgical site infection 1 (1.9) Acute coronary syndrome 1 (1.9) Follow-up Not applicable (loss to follow-up) 3 (7.4) Not applicable (patient died)Mild restenosis 1 (1.9)10 (18.5) Moderate restenosis 1 (1.9) Severe restenosis 1 (1.9) Regression of disease 37 (68.5) Carotid floating thrombus 1 (1.9) ICU/HDU stay (days) 1.98±4.22 Ward stay (days) 11.9±11.3 Total hospital stays (days) 13.9±12.9 Follow-up in months 19.9±19.9 ICU/HDU admission Yes 27 (50.0) No 27 (50.0) Values are presented as numbers and precentages (%) or mean ± standard deviation. ICU: intensive care unit, HDU: high dependency unit
- Table 4
- Univariate analysis on the relationship between preoperative medication (single vs. dual antiplatelet therapy) and baseline and postoperative variables (N=54).
Variables Preoperative medication P-values† Single antiplatelet therapy (n=22) Dual antiplatelet therapy (n=32) Age in years (mean±SD) 66.1±8.54 67.3±10.8 0.663‡ Gender Male 13 (59.1) 18 (56.3) 1.00 Female 9 (4.9) 14 (43.8) Smoking status Smoker 5 (22.7) 6 (18.8) 0.743 Non-smoker 17 (77.3) 26 (81.3) Risk factors* HTN 13 (59.1) 25 (78.1) 0.225 DM 18 (81.8) 21 (65.6) 0.23 IHD 13 (59.1) 6 (18.8) 0.004§ PAD 7 (31.8) 3 (9.4) 0.071 DLP 11 (50.0) 12 (37.5) 0.411 CHF 4 (18.2) 2 (06.3) 0.211 Previous stroke 3 (13.6) 13 (40.8) 0.039§ Presenting symptoms* Asymptomatic 7 (31.8) 6 (18.8) 0.338 Hemiparesis 7 (31.8) 13 (40.6) 0.576 Ataxia 4 (18.2) 5 (15.6) 1.00 Dysarthria 9 (40.9) 12 (37.5) 1.00 Hemiparesthesia 2 (9.1) 4 (12.5) 1.00 Indication for surgery Stroke 14 (63.6) 16 (50.0) 0.043§ TIA 1 (04.5) 10 (31.3) Asymptomatic 7 (31.8) 6 (18.8) ICU/HDU admission Yes 13 (59.1) 14 (43.8) 0.406 No 9 (40.9) 18 (56.3) Operated side Right side 14 (63.6) 15 (46.9) 0.274 Left side 8 (36.4) 17 (53.1) Complication Yes 4 (18.2) 9 (28.1) 0.523 No 18 (81.8) 23 (71.9) Upon follow-up Restenosis 2 (10.0) 10 (34.5) 0.089 Regression of disease 18 (90.0) 19 (65.5) Interval between symptoms and surgery 19.5±14 13.1±8.6 0.075‡ Carotid clamp time (min) 5.1±3.41 5.5±3.53 0.789‡ ICU/HDU stay (days) 3.14±6.02 1.19±2.07 0.096‡ Ward stay (days) 12.5±13.1 11.6±10.2 0.783‡ Total hospital stay (days) 15.6±14.9 12.8±11.5 0.437‡ Values are presented as numbers and precentages or mean ± standard deviation (SD).
HTN: hypertension, DM: diabetes mellitus, IHD: ischemic heart disease, PAD: peripheral artery disease, DLP: dyslipidemia, CHF: congestive heart failure, TIA: transient ischemic attack, ICU: intensive care unit, HDU: high dependency unit
- Table 5
- Univariate analysis on the relationship between preoperative medication (single vs. dual antiplatelet therapy) and
Factors OR 95% CI P-values Age in years (mean±SD) 0.974 0.915-1.038 0.421 Gender Male - 0.345-.245 0.766 Female 1.210 Smoking status Smoker 2.159 0.516-9.033 0.292 Non-smoker - Most common risk factors* HTN 1.548 0.364-6.586 0.554 DM 1.379 0.322-5.910 0.665 IHD 0.469 0.112-1.968 0.301 PAD 0.296 0.034-2.595 0.272 DLP 0.515 0.136-1.942 0.327 CHF 3.800 0.663-21.766 0.134 Stroke 1.705 0.458-6.341 0.426 Most common symptoms* Asymptomatic 1.580 0.393-6.349 0.518 Hemiparesis 2.513 0.703-8.979 0.156 Ataxia 0.883 0.159-4.894 0.887 Dysarthria 0.627 0.166-2.376 0.493 Hemiparesthesia 0.600 0.064-5.660 0.656 ICU/HDU admission Yes 4.706 1.124-19.704 0.034† No - Operated side Right side - 0.426-5.218 0.532 Left side 1.491 Follow-up Restenosis - 0.399-31.295 Disease regression 3.536 0.256 Interval between symptoms and surgery 1.065 0.963-1.179 0.200 Carotid clamp time (min) 1.020 0.949-1.095 0.594 Ward stay (days) 1.002 0.947-1.060 0.938 Total hospital stay (days) 0.982 0.940-1.027 0.428 Values are presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
HTN: hypertension, DM: diabetes mellitus, IHD: ischemic heart disease, PAD: peripheral artery disease, DLP: dyslipidemia, CHF: congestive heart failure, ICU: intensive care unit, HDU: high dependency unit
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