Effect of cortisol and glycosylated-hemoglobin levels on mortality in intensive care unit

Oznur Sen; Ugur Uzun; Nurdan Aydin; Isil Guldogan

doi:10.15537/smj.2024.45.5.20240076

References

1.↵
1. Sharma VK,
2. Singh TG.
Chronic stress and diabetes mellitus: interwoven pathologies. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16: 546–556.
OpenUrl
2.↵
1. Becker CD,
2. Sabang RL,
3. Nogueira Cordeiro MF,
4. Hassan IF,
5. Goldberg MD,
6. Scurlock CS.
Hyperglycemia in medically critically ill patients: risk factors and clinical outcomes. Am J Med 2020; 133: e568–e574.
OpenUrl
3.↵
1. Stoudt K,
2. Chawla S.
Don’t Sugar Coat It: Glycemic Control in the Intensive Care Unit. J Intensive Care Med 2019; 34: 889–896.
OpenUrl
4.↵
1. Tian Y,
2. Wang R,
3. Zhang M,
4. Li T,
5. He Y,
6. Wang R.
Stress-induced hyperglycemia ratio as an independent risk factor of in-hospital mortality in nonresuscitation intensive care units: a retrospective study. Clin Ther 2023; 45: 31–39.
OpenUrl
5.↵
1. Melis MJ,
2. Miller M,
3. Peters VBM,
4. Singer M.
The role of hormones in sepsis: an integrated overview with a focus on mitochondrial and immune cell dysfunction. Clin Sci (Lond). 2023; 137: 707–725.
OpenUrl
6.↵
1. Stamou MI,
2. Colling C,
3. Dichtel LE.
Adrenal aging and its effects on the stress response and immunosenescence. Maturitas 2023; 168: 13–19.
OpenUrl
7.↵
1. Fowler C,
2. Raoof N,
3. Pastores SM.
Sepsis and adrenal insufficiency. J Intensive Care Med 2023; 38: 987–996.
OpenUrl
8.↵
1. De Castro R,
2. Ruiz D,
3. Lavín BA,
4. Lamsfus JA,
5. Vazquez L,
6. Montalban C. et al.
Cortisol and adrenal androgens as independent predictors of mortality in septic patients. PLoS One 2019;14: e0214312.
OpenUrl PubMed
9.
1. Xu W,
2. Qiu Y,
3. Qiu H,
4. Zhong M,
5. Li L.
Serum ACTH and cortisol level is associated with the acute gastrointestinal injury grade in ICU patients. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17: 127–134.
OpenUrl
10.↵
1. Bekhit OE,
2. Mohamed SA,
3. Yousef RM
, AbdelRasol HA, Khalaf NA, Salah F. Relation between baseline total serum cortisol level and outcome in pediatric intensive care unit. Sci Rep 2019; 9: 6008.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
11.↵
1. Rivas M,
2. Motes A,
3. Ismail A,
4. Yang S,
5. Sotello D,
6. Arevalo M. et al.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with sepsis who had cortisol level measurements or received hydrocortisone during their intensive care unit management: A retrospective single center study. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11: 20503121221146907.
OpenUrl
12.↵
1. Güven M,
2. Gültekin H.
Could serum total cortisol level at admission predict mortality due to coronavirus disease 2019 in the intensive care unit? A prospective study. Sao Paulo Med J 2021; 139: 398–404.
OpenUrl
13.↵
1. Holeček M.
Roles of malate and aspartate in gluconeogenesis in various physiological and pathological states. Metabolism 2023; 145: 155614.
OpenUrl
14.↵
1. Furlan JC.
Effects on outcomes of hyperglycemia in the hyperacute stage after acute traumatic spinal cord injury. Neurotrauma Rep 2021; 2: 14–24.
OpenUrl CrossRef
15.↵
1. Zhang Z,
2. Zhao Y,
3. Liu Y,
4. Wang X,
5. Xu H,
6. Fang Y, et al.
Effect of stress-induced hyperglycemia after non-traumatic non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage on clinical complications and functional outcomes. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28: 942–952.
OpenUrl
16.↵
1. Chávez-Reyes J,
2. Escárcega-González CE,
3. Chavira-Suárez E,
4. León-Buitimea A,
5. Vázquez-León P,
6. Morones-Ramírez J, et al.
Susceptibility for some infectious diseases in patients with diabetes: the key role of glycemia. Front Public Health 2021; 9: 559595.
OpenUrl
17.↵
1. Pratiwi C,
2. Zulkifly S,
3. Dahlan TF,
4. Hafidzati A,
5. Oktavia N,
6. Mokoagov MI, et al.
Hospital related hyperglycemia as a predictor of mortality in non-diabetes patients: A systematic review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15: 102309.
OpenUrl
18.
1. Zohar Y,
2. Zilberman Itskovich S,
3. Koren S,
4. Zaidenstein R,
5. Marchaim D,
6. Koren R.
The association of diabetes and hyperglycemia with sepsis outcomes: a population-based cohort analysis. Intern Emerg Med 2021; 16: 719–728.
OpenUrl
19.↵
1. Farooq N,
2. Chuan B,
3. Mahmud H,
4. El Khoudary SR,
5. Nouraie SM,
6. Evankovich J, et al.
Association of the systemic host immune response with acute hyperglycemia in mechanically ventilated septic patients. PLoS One 2021; 16: e0248853.
OpenUrl
20.↵
1. Shen H,
2. Wang S,
3. Zhang C,
4. Gao W,
5. Cui X,
6. Zhang Q, et al.
Association of hyperglycemia ratio and ventricular arrhythmia in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit [published correction appears in BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023 May 19;23(1):260]. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23: 215.
OpenUrl
21.↵
1. Costantini E,
2. Carlin M,
3. Porta M,
4. Brizzi MF.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and sepsis: state of the art, certainties and missing evidence. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58: 1139–1151.
OpenUrl
22.↵
1. Farah R,
2. Makhoul N,
3. Samohvalov A,
4. Nseir W.
Plasma glycated hemoglobin a1c could predict 30-day all-cause mortality of intensive care unit patients with hyperglycemia. Isr Med Assoc J 2022; 24: 708–712.
OpenUrl
23.↵
1. Sungono V,
2. Hariyanto H,
3. Soesilo TEB,
4. Adisasmita AC,
5. Syarif S,
6. Lukito AA, et al.
Cohort study of the APACHE II score and mortality for different types of intensive care unit patients. Postgrad Med J 2022; 98: 914–918.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text
24.↵
1. Czajka S,
2. Ziębińska K,
3. Marczenko K,
4. Posmyk B,
5. Szczepańska AJ,
6. Krzych L.
Validation of APACHE II, APACHE III and SAPS II scores in in-hospital and one year mortality prediction in a mixed intensive care unit in Poland: a cohort study. BMC Anesthesiol 2020; 20: 296.
OpenUrl
25.↵
1. Gupta GS.
The lactate and the lactate dehydrogenase in inflammatory diseases and major risk factors in COVID-19 Patients. Inflammation 2022; 45: 2091–2123.
OpenUrl
26.↵
1. Rabinowitz JD,
2. Enerbäck S.
Lactate: the ugly duckling of energy metabolism. Nat Metab 2020; 2: 566–571.
OpenUrl
27.↵
1. Liu Z,
2. Meng Z,
3. Li Y,
4. Zhao J,
5. Wu S,
6. Gou S, et al.
Prognostic accuracy of the serum lactate level, the SOFA score and the qSOFA score for mortality among adults with Sepsis. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2019; 27: 51.
OpenUrl PubMed
28.↵
1. Noparatkailas N,
2. Inchai J,
3. Deesomchok A.
Blood lactate level and the predictor of death in non-shock septic patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2023; 27: 93–100.
OpenUrl

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Comments on: Effect of cortisol and glycosylated-hemoglobin levels on mortality in intensive care unit

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Keywords

[1] 1.↵
Sharma VK,
Singh TG.
Chronic stress and diabetes mellitus: interwoven pathologies. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16: 546–556.
OpenUrl

[2] Sharma VK,

[3] Singh TG.

[4] 2.↵
Becker CD,
Sabang RL,
Nogueira Cordeiro MF,
Hassan IF,
Goldberg MD,
Scurlock CS.
Hyperglycemia in medically critically ill patients: risk factors and clinical outcomes. Am J Med 2020; 133: e568–e574.
OpenUrl

[5] Becker CD,

[6] Sabang RL,

[7] Nogueira Cordeiro MF,

[8] Hassan IF,

[9] Goldberg MD,

[10] Scurlock CS.

[11] 3.↵
Stoudt K,
Chawla S.
Don’t Sugar Coat It: Glycemic Control in the Intensive Care Unit. J Intensive Care Med 2019; 34: 889–896.
OpenUrl

[12] Stoudt K,

[13] Chawla S.

[14] 4.↵
Tian Y,
Wang R,
Zhang M,
Li T,
He Y,
Wang R.
Stress-induced hyperglycemia ratio as an independent risk factor of in-hospital mortality in nonresuscitation intensive care units: a retrospective study. Clin Ther 2023; 45: 31–39.
OpenUrl

[15] Tian Y,

[16] Wang R,

[17] Zhang M,

[18] Li T,

[19] He Y,

[20] Wang R.

[21] 5.↵
Melis MJ,
Miller M,
Peters VBM,
Singer M.
The role of hormones in sepsis: an integrated overview with a focus on mitochondrial and immune cell dysfunction. Clin Sci (Lond). 2023; 137: 707–725.
OpenUrl

[22] Melis MJ,

[23] Miller M,

[24] Peters VBM,

[25] Singer M.

[26] 6.↵
Stamou MI,
Colling C,
Dichtel LE.
Adrenal aging and its effects on the stress response and immunosenescence. Maturitas 2023; 168: 13–19.
OpenUrl

[27] Stamou MI,

[28] Colling C,

[29] Dichtel LE.

[30] 7.↵
Fowler C,
Raoof N,
Pastores SM.
Sepsis and adrenal insufficiency. J Intensive Care Med 2023; 38: 987–996.
OpenUrl

[31] Fowler C,

[32] Raoof N,

[33] Pastores SM.

[34] 8.↵
De Castro R,
Ruiz D,
Lavín BA,
Lamsfus JA,
Vazquez L,
Montalban C. et al.
Cortisol and adrenal androgens as independent predictors of mortality in septic patients. PLoS One 2019;14: e0214312.
OpenUrl PubMed

[35] De Castro R,

[36] Ruiz D,

[37] Lavín BA,

[38] Lamsfus JA,

[39] Vazquez L,

[40] Montalban C. et al.

[41] 9.
Xu W,
Qiu Y,
Qiu H,
Zhong M,
Li L.
Serum ACTH and cortisol level is associated with the acute gastrointestinal injury grade in ICU patients. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17: 127–134.
OpenUrl

[42] Xu W,

[43] Qiu Y,

[44] Qiu H,

[45] Zhong M,

[46] Li L.

[47] 10.↵
Bekhit OE,
Mohamed SA,
Yousef RM
, AbdelRasol HA, Khalaf NA, Salah F. Relation between baseline total serum cortisol level and outcome in pediatric intensive care unit. Sci Rep 2019; 9: 6008.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[48] Bekhit OE,

[49] Mohamed SA,

[50] Yousef RM

[51] 11.↵
Rivas M,
Motes A,
Ismail A,
Yang S,
Sotello D,
Arevalo M. et al.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with sepsis who had cortisol level measurements or received hydrocortisone during their intensive care unit management: A retrospective single center study. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11: 20503121221146907.
OpenUrl

[52] Rivas M,

[53] Motes A,

[54] Ismail A,

[55] Yang S,

[56] Sotello D,

[57] Arevalo M. et al.

[58] 12.↵
Güven M,
Gültekin H.
Could serum total cortisol level at admission predict mortality due to coronavirus disease 2019 in the intensive care unit? A prospective study. Sao Paulo Med J 2021; 139: 398–404.
OpenUrl

[59] Güven M,

[60] Gültekin H.

[61] 13.↵
Holeček M.
Roles of malate and aspartate in gluconeogenesis in various physiological and pathological states. Metabolism 2023; 145: 155614.
OpenUrl

[62] Holeček M.

[63] 14.↵
Furlan JC.
Effects on outcomes of hyperglycemia in the hyperacute stage after acute traumatic spinal cord injury. Neurotrauma Rep 2021; 2: 14–24.
OpenUrl CrossRef

[64] Furlan JC.

[65] 15.↵
Zhang Z,
Zhao Y,
Liu Y,
Wang X,
Xu H,
Fang Y, et al.
Effect of stress-induced hyperglycemia after non-traumatic non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage on clinical complications and functional outcomes. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28: 942–952.
OpenUrl

[66] Zhang Z,

[67] Zhao Y,

[68] Liu Y,

[69] Wang X,

[70] Xu H,

[71] Fang Y, et al.

[72] 16.↵
Chávez-Reyes J,
Escárcega-González CE,
Chavira-Suárez E,
León-Buitimea A,
Vázquez-León P,
Morones-Ramírez J, et al.
Susceptibility for some infectious diseases in patients with diabetes: the key role of glycemia. Front Public Health 2021; 9: 559595.
OpenUrl

[73] Chávez-Reyes J,

[74] Escárcega-González CE,

[75] Chavira-Suárez E,

[76] León-Buitimea A,

[77] Vázquez-León P,

[78] Morones-Ramírez J, et al.

[79] 17.↵
Pratiwi C,
Zulkifly S,
Dahlan TF,
Hafidzati A,
Oktavia N,
Mokoagov MI, et al.
Hospital related hyperglycemia as a predictor of mortality in non-diabetes patients: A systematic review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15: 102309.
OpenUrl

[80] Pratiwi C,

[81] Zulkifly S,

[82] Dahlan TF,

[83] Hafidzati A,

[84] Oktavia N,

[85] Mokoagov MI, et al.

[86] 18.
Zohar Y,
Zilberman Itskovich S,
Koren S,
Zaidenstein R,
Marchaim D,
Koren R.
The association of diabetes and hyperglycemia with sepsis outcomes: a population-based cohort analysis. Intern Emerg Med 2021; 16: 719–728.
OpenUrl

[87] Zohar Y,

[88] Zilberman Itskovich S,

[89] Koren S,

[90] Zaidenstein R,

[91] Marchaim D,

[92] Koren R.

[93] 19.↵
Farooq N,
Chuan B,
Mahmud H,
El Khoudary SR,
Nouraie SM,
Evankovich J, et al.
Association of the systemic host immune response with acute hyperglycemia in mechanically ventilated septic patients. PLoS One 2021; 16: e0248853.
OpenUrl

[94] Farooq N,

[95] Chuan B,

[96] Mahmud H,

[97] El Khoudary SR,

[98] Nouraie SM,

[99] Evankovich J, et al.

[100] 20.↵
Shen H,
Wang S,
Zhang C,
Gao W,
Cui X,
Zhang Q, et al.
Association of hyperglycemia ratio and ventricular arrhythmia in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit [published correction appears in BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023 May 19;23(1):260]. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23: 215.
OpenUrl

[101] Shen H,

[102] Wang S,

[103] Zhang C,

[104] Gao W,

[105] Cui X,

[106] Zhang Q, et al.

[107] 21.↵
Costantini E,
Carlin M,
Porta M,
Brizzi MF.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and sepsis: state of the art, certainties and missing evidence. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58: 1139–1151.
OpenUrl

[108] Costantini E,

[109] Carlin M,

[110] Porta M,

[111] Brizzi MF.

[112] 22.↵
Farah R,
Makhoul N,
Samohvalov A,
Nseir W.
Plasma glycated hemoglobin a1c could predict 30-day all-cause mortality of intensive care unit patients with hyperglycemia. Isr Med Assoc J 2022; 24: 708–712.
OpenUrl

[113] Farah R,

[114] Makhoul N,

[115] Samohvalov A,

[116] Nseir W.

[117] 23.↵
Sungono V,
Hariyanto H,
Soesilo TEB,
Adisasmita AC,
Syarif S,
Lukito AA, et al.
Cohort study of the APACHE II score and mortality for different types of intensive care unit patients. Postgrad Med J 2022; 98: 914–918.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[118] Sungono V,

[119] Hariyanto H,

[120] Soesilo TEB,

[121] Adisasmita AC,

[122] Syarif S,

[123] Lukito AA, et al.

[124] 24.↵
Czajka S,
Ziębińska K,
Marczenko K,
Posmyk B,
Szczepańska AJ,
Krzych L.
Validation of APACHE II, APACHE III and SAPS II scores in in-hospital and one year mortality prediction in a mixed intensive care unit in Poland: a cohort study. BMC Anesthesiol 2020; 20: 296.
OpenUrl

[125] Czajka S,

[126] Ziębińska K,

[127] Marczenko K,

[128] Posmyk B,

[129] Szczepańska AJ,

[130] Krzych L.

[131] 25.↵
Gupta GS.
The lactate and the lactate dehydrogenase in inflammatory diseases and major risk factors in COVID-19 Patients. Inflammation 2022; 45: 2091–2123.
OpenUrl

[132] Gupta GS.

[133] 26.↵
Rabinowitz JD,
Enerbäck S.
Lactate: the ugly duckling of energy metabolism. Nat Metab 2020; 2: 566–571.
OpenUrl

[134] Rabinowitz JD,

[135] Enerbäck S.

[136] 27.↵
Liu Z,
Meng Z,
Li Y,
Zhao J,
Wu S,
Gou S, et al.
Prognostic accuracy of the serum lactate level, the SOFA score and the qSOFA score for mortality among adults with Sepsis. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2019; 27: 51.
OpenUrl PubMed

[137] Liu Z,

[138] Meng Z,

[139] Li Y,

[140] Zhao J,

[141] Wu S,

[142] Gou S, et al.

[143] 28.↵
Noparatkailas N,
Inchai J,
Deesomchok A.
Blood lactate level and the predictor of death in non-shock septic patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2023; 27: 93–100.
OpenUrl

[144] Noparatkailas N,

[145] Inchai J,

[146] Deesomchok A.

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