The relationship between mothers with careers in higher education and child development in Indonesia

Article Figures & Data

Table 1

- The frequency distribution of respondents’ characteristics by parental factors.

Characteristics	n (%)
Mother’s characteristics
Age (year)
20-30	0 (0.0)
30-40	62 (58.0)
40-50	45 (42.0)
Education level
Bachelor’s degree	21 (20.0)
Master’s degree	70 (65.0)
Doctoral’ degree	16 (15.0)
Children’s growth and development knowledge
Low	8 (7.0)
Moderate	37 (35.0)
Good	62 (58.0)
Child’s characteristic
Age (year)
0-3	33 (31.0)
4-6	74 (69.0)
7-9	0 (0.0)
Gender
Male	50 (47.0)
Female	57 (53.0)
Mother’s time spend with children
Less than (0-5 hours/day)	18 (17.0)
Enough (5-7 hours/day)	41 (38.0)
Lengthy (>7 hours/day)	48 (45.0)
Activity of child
Studying	13 (12.0)
Playing together	20 (19.0)
Sleep	51 (48.0)
Meals	23 (21.0)

Values are presented as numbers and percentages (%).

Table 2

- Respondents’ characteristics: mother’s time versus child development.

Mother’s time spent with the child	Growth and development knowledge			Total	Spearman’s rho test
Mother’s time spent with the child	Good	Moderate	Low	Total	Spearman’s rho test
Less (0-5 hours/days)	8 (7.4)	5 (4.7)	5 (4.7)	18 (16.8)	0.035
Enough (5-7 hours/days)	4 (3.7)	37 (34.6)	0 (0.0)	41 (38.3)
Lengthy (>7 hours/days)	48 (44.9)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	48 (44.9)
Total	60 (56.0)	42 (39.3)	5 (4.7)	107 (100)

Values are presented as numbers and percentages (%).

Table 3

- Frequency distribution of respondents’ characteristics: child development versus working mothers.

Mothers with career in higher education	Growth and development			Total	Sig. (2-tailed)
Mothers with career in higher education	Good	Moderate	Low	Total	Sig. (2-tailed)
Yes	3 (15.0)	5 (15.2)	4 (7.4)	12 (11.2)	0.002
No	17 (85.0)	28 (84.8)	50 (92.6)	95 (88.8)
Total	20 (100)	33 (100)	54 (100)	107 (100)