Body shape concerns, sexual satisfaction, and associated factors among patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome: A cross-sectional study in Western Saudi Arabia

Aseel A. Alsaidan; Ashokkumar Thirunavukkarasu; Hani H. Alsulami

doi:10.15537/smj.2025.46.1.20240797

References

1.↵
1. Kogure GS,
2. Ribeiro VB,
3. Lopes IP,
4. Furtado CLM,
5. Kodato S,
6. Silva de Sá MF, et al.
Body image and its relationships with sexual functioning, anxiety, and depression in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Affect Disord 2019; 253: 385-393.
OpenUrl PubMed
2.
1. Rasquin LI,
2. Anastasopoulou C,
3. Mayrin JV
. Polycystic ovarian disease. [Updated 2022; Accessed 2024 Feb 12]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29083730/
3.↵
WHO. Polycystic ovary syndrome. [Updated 2023; accessed 2024 Mar 15]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/polycystic-ovary-syndrome
4.↵
1. Navarro P,
2. Ramallo V,
3. Cintas C,
4. Ruderman A,
5. de Azevedo S,
6. Paschetta C, et al.
Body shape: implications in the study of obesity and related traits. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 32: e23323.
OpenUrl PubMed
5.↵
1. Aba YA,
2. Aytek Şik B
. Body image and sexual function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a case-control study. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2022; 68: 1264-1269.
OpenUrl
6.↵
1. Jannink T,
2. Bordewijk EM,
3. Aalberts J,
4. Hendriks J,
5. Lehmann V,
6. Hoek A, et al.
Anxiety, depression, and body image among infertile women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2024; 39: 784-791.
OpenUrl PubMed
7.↵
1. Dybciak P,
2. Raczkiewicz D,
3. Humeniuk E,
4. Powrózek T,
5. Gujski M,
6. Małecka-Massalska T, et al.
Depression in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12: 6446.
OpenUrl PubMed
8.↵
1. Pastoor H,
2. Mousa A,
3. Bolt H,
4. Bramer W,
5. Burgert TS,
6. Dokras A, et al.
Sexual function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2024; 30: 323-340.
OpenUrl PubMed
9.↵
1. Castelo-Branco C,
2. Naumova I
. Quality of life and sexual function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a comprehensive review. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36: 96-103.
OpenUrl PubMed
10.↵
1. Pastoor H,
2. Both S,
3. Timman R,
4. Laan ETM,
5. Laven JSE
. Sexual function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: design of an observational prospective multicenter case control study. Sex Med 2020; 8: 718-729.
OpenUrl PubMed
11.↵
1. Yarjanli M,
2. Jahanian Sadatmahalleh S,
3. Mirzaei N,
4. Azarbajani K
. Female sexual function in different phenotypes of polycystic ovarian syndrome: a comparative cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2022; 12: 19317.
OpenUrl PubMed
12.
1. Lu KT,
2. Ho YC,
3. Chang CL,
4. Lan KC,
5. Wu CC,
6. Su YT
. Evaluation of bodily pain associated with polycystic ovary syndrome: a review of health-related quality of life and potential risk factors. Biomedicines 2022; 10: 3197.
OpenUrl PubMed
13.↵
1. Koneru A
, S P. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and sexual dysfunctions. J Psychosexual Health 2019; 1: 154-158.
OpenUrl
14.↵
1. Moradi F,
2. Ghadiri-Anari A,
3. Dehghani A,
4. Reza Vaziri S,
5. Enjezab B
. The effectiveness of counseling based on acceptance and commitment therapy on body image and self-esteem in polycystic ovary syndrome: an RCT. Int J Reprod Biomed 2020; 18: 243-252.
OpenUrl PubMed
15.
1. Kogure GS,
2. Lopes IP,
3. Ribeiro VB,
4. Mendes MC,
5. Kodato S,
6. Furtado CLM, et al.
The effects of aerobic physical exercises on body image among women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Affect Disord 2020; 262: 350-358.
OpenUrl PubMed
16.↵
1. Davitadze M,
2. Malhotra K,
3. Khalil H,
4. Hebbar M,
5. Tay CT,
6. Mousa A, et al.
Body image concerns in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 189: R1-R9.
OpenUrl
17.↵
1. Neijenhuijs KI,
2. Hooghiemstra N,
3. Holtmaat K,
4. Aaronson NK,
5. Groenvold M,
6. Holzner B, et al.
The female sexual function index (FSFI)-a systematic review of measurement properties. J Sex Med 2019; 16: 640-660.
OpenUrl PubMed
18.↵
1. Chongcharoen P,
2. Choobun T,
3. Khanuengkitkong S
. Female sexual function index for screening of female sexual dysfunction using DSM-5-TR criteria in Thai women: a prospective cross-sectional diagnostic study. PLoS One 2024; 19: e0298935.
OpenUrl PubMed
19.↵
1. Melisse B,
2. van Furth EF,
3. de Beurs E
. The Saudi-Arabic adaptation of the body shape questionnaire (BSQ34): psychometrics and norms of the full version and the short version (BSQ8C). Front Psychol 2022; 13: 1046075.
OpenUrl PubMed
20.↵
1. Alhuwaydi AM,
2. Alqahtani AM,
3. Alsadun RS,
4. Alruwaili OS,
5. Thirunavukkarasu A,
6. Abdel-Salam DM, et al.
Assessment of binge eating behavior, body shape concerns, and associated factors among female adolescents of Northern Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Nutrients 2024; 16: 3082.
OpenUrl PubMed
21.↵
1. S A, Sagar
2. R, Mehta
3. M, T SI
. Psychiatric co-morbidities and body shape dissatisfaction in adolescents with obesity - a school based case controlled study. Indian J Pediatr 2021; 88: 235-239.
OpenUrl PubMed
22.↵
1. Madbouly K,
2. Al-Anazi M,
3. Al-Anazi H,
4. Aljarbou A,
5. Almannie R,
6. Habous M, et al.
Prevalence and predictive factors of female sexual dysfunction in a sample of Saudi women. Sex Med 2021; 9: 100277.
OpenUrl PubMed
23.↵
1. AlAhmari LSM,
2. Alzahrani HS,
3. Alzahrani N,
4. AlDhafyan SO,
5. Al-Qahtani RH,
6. Al-Zaid JA, et al.
Measures of health-related quality of life in PCOS women: a cross sectional study from Saudi Arabia. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2024; 28: 1913-1919.
OpenUrl PubMed
24.↵
1. Loh HH,
2. Yee A,
3. Loh HS,
4. Kanagasundram S,
5. Francis B,
6. Lim LL
. Sexual dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hormones (Athens) 2020; 19: 413-423.
OpenUrl PubMed
25.↵
1. Kałużna M,
2. Nomejko A,
3. Słowińska A,
4. Wachowiak-Ochmańska K,
5. Pikosz K,
6. Ziemnicka K, et al.
Lower sexual satisfaction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolic syndrome. Endocr Connect 2021; 10: 1035-1044.
OpenUrl PubMed
26.↵
1. Eftekhar T,
2. Sohrabvand F,
3. Zabandan N,
4. Shariat M,
5. Haghollahi F,
6. Ghahghaei-Nezamabadi A
. Sexual dysfunction in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and its affected domains. Iran J Reprod Med 2014; 12: 539-546.
OpenUrl PubMed
27.↵
1. Steinberg Weiss M,
2. Roe AH,
3. Allison KC,
4. Dodson WC,
5. Kris-Etherton PM,
6. Kunselman AR, et al.
Lifestyle modifications alone or combined with hormonal contraceptives improve sexual dysfunction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2021; 115: 474-482.
OpenUrl PubMed
28.↵
1. Nappi RE,
2. Tiranini L
. Polycystic ovary syndrome and sexuality. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38: 535-536.
OpenUrl PubMed
29.↵
1. Warchala A,
2. Madej P,
3. Kochanowicz M,
4. Krzystanek M
. Sexual function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome living in stable heterosexual relationships: a cross-sectional study. J Clin Med 2024; 13: 2227.
OpenUrl PubMed
30.↵
1. Daescu AC,
2. Dehelean L,
3. Navolan DB,
4. Gaitoane AI,
5. Daescu A,
6. Stoian D
. Effects of hormonal profile, weight, and body image on sexual function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11: 1488.
OpenUrl PubMed
31.↵
1. Nazarpour S,
2. Simbar M,
3. Khorrami M,
4. Jafari Torkamani Z,
5. Saghafi R,
6. Alavi-Majd H
. The association between sexual function and body image among postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21: 403.
OpenUrl PubMed
32.↵
1. Cihan A,
2. Cihan E
. Self-esteem and positive body image to overcome female sexual dysfunction. Ann Acad Med Singap 2023; 52: 170-171.
OpenUrl PubMed

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Keywords

[1] 1.↵
Kogure GS,
Ribeiro VB,
Lopes IP,
Furtado CLM,
Kodato S,
Silva de Sá MF, et al.
Body image and its relationships with sexual functioning, anxiety, and depression in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Affect Disord 2019; 253: 385-393.
OpenUrl PubMed

[2] Kogure GS,

[3] Ribeiro VB,

[4] Lopes IP,

[5] Furtado CLM,

[6] Kodato S,

[7] Silva de Sá MF, et al.

[8] 2.
Rasquin LI,
Anastasopoulou C,
Mayrin JV
. Polycystic ovarian disease. [Updated 2022; Accessed 2024 Feb 12]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29083730/

[9] Rasquin LI,

[10] Anastasopoulou C,

[11] Mayrin JV

[12] 3.↵
WHO. Polycystic ovary syndrome. [Updated 2023; accessed 2024 Mar 15]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/polycystic-ovary-syndrome

[13] 4.↵
Navarro P,
Ramallo V,
Cintas C,
Ruderman A,
de Azevedo S,
Paschetta C, et al.
Body shape: implications in the study of obesity and related traits. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 32: e23323.
OpenUrl PubMed

[14] Navarro P,

[15] Ramallo V,

[16] Cintas C,

[17] Ruderman A,

[18] de Azevedo S,

[19] Paschetta C, et al.

[20] 5.↵
Aba YA,
Aytek Şik B
. Body image and sexual function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a case-control study. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2022; 68: 1264-1269.
OpenUrl

[21] Aba YA,

[22] Aytek Şik B

[23] 6.↵
Jannink T,
Bordewijk EM,
Aalberts J,
Hendriks J,
Lehmann V,
Hoek A, et al.
Anxiety, depression, and body image among infertile women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2024; 39: 784-791.
OpenUrl PubMed

[24] Jannink T,

[25] Bordewijk EM,

[26] Aalberts J,

[27] Hendriks J,

[28] Lehmann V,

[29] Hoek A, et al.

[30] 7.↵
Dybciak P,
Raczkiewicz D,
Humeniuk E,
Powrózek T,
Gujski M,
Małecka-Massalska T, et al.
Depression in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12: 6446.
OpenUrl PubMed

[31] Dybciak P,

[32] Raczkiewicz D,

[33] Humeniuk E,

[34] Powrózek T,

[35] Gujski M,

[36] Małecka-Massalska T, et al.

[37] 8.↵
Pastoor H,
Mousa A,
Bolt H,
Bramer W,
Burgert TS,
Dokras A, et al.
Sexual function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2024; 30: 323-340.
OpenUrl PubMed

[38] Pastoor H,

[39] Mousa A,

[40] Bolt H,

[41] Bramer W,

[42] Burgert TS,

[43] Dokras A, et al.

[44] 9.↵
Castelo-Branco C,
Naumova I
. Quality of life and sexual function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a comprehensive review. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36: 96-103.
OpenUrl PubMed

[45] Castelo-Branco C,

[46] Naumova I

[47] 10.↵
Pastoor H,
Both S,
Timman R,
Laan ETM,
Laven JSE
. Sexual function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: design of an observational prospective multicenter case control study. Sex Med 2020; 8: 718-729.
OpenUrl PubMed

[48] Pastoor H,

[49] Both S,

[50] Timman R,

[51] Laan ETM,

[52] Laven JSE

[53] 11.↵
Yarjanli M,
Jahanian Sadatmahalleh S,
Mirzaei N,
Azarbajani K
. Female sexual function in different phenotypes of polycystic ovarian syndrome: a comparative cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2022; 12: 19317.
OpenUrl PubMed

[54] Yarjanli M,

[55] Jahanian Sadatmahalleh S,

[56] Mirzaei N,

[57] Azarbajani K

[58] 12.
Lu KT,
Ho YC,
Chang CL,
Lan KC,
Wu CC,
Su YT
. Evaluation of bodily pain associated with polycystic ovary syndrome: a review of health-related quality of life and potential risk factors. Biomedicines 2022; 10: 3197.
OpenUrl PubMed

[59] Lu KT,

[60] Ho YC,

[61] Chang CL,

[62] Lan KC,

[63] Wu CC,

[64] Su YT

[65] 13.↵
Koneru A
, S P. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and sexual dysfunctions. J Psychosexual Health 2019; 1: 154-158.
OpenUrl

[66] Koneru A

[67] 14.↵
Moradi F,
Ghadiri-Anari A,
Dehghani A,
Reza Vaziri S,
Enjezab B
. The effectiveness of counseling based on acceptance and commitment therapy on body image and self-esteem in polycystic ovary syndrome: an RCT. Int J Reprod Biomed 2020; 18: 243-252.
OpenUrl PubMed

[68] Moradi F,

[69] Ghadiri-Anari A,

[70] Dehghani A,

[71] Reza Vaziri S,

[72] Enjezab B

[73] 15.
Kogure GS,
Lopes IP,
Ribeiro VB,
Mendes MC,
Kodato S,
Furtado CLM, et al.
The effects of aerobic physical exercises on body image among women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Affect Disord 2020; 262: 350-358.
OpenUrl PubMed

[74] Kogure GS,

[75] Lopes IP,

[76] Ribeiro VB,

[77] Mendes MC,

[78] Kodato S,

[79] Furtado CLM, et al.

[80] 16.↵
Davitadze M,
Malhotra K,
Khalil H,
Hebbar M,
Tay CT,
Mousa A, et al.
Body image concerns in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 189: R1-R9.
OpenUrl

[81] Davitadze M,

[82] Malhotra K,

[83] Khalil H,

[84] Hebbar M,

[85] Tay CT,

[86] Mousa A, et al.

[87] 17.↵
Neijenhuijs KI,
Hooghiemstra N,
Holtmaat K,
Aaronson NK,
Groenvold M,
Holzner B, et al.
The female sexual function index (FSFI)-a systematic review of measurement properties. J Sex Med 2019; 16: 640-660.
OpenUrl PubMed

[88] Neijenhuijs KI,

[89] Hooghiemstra N,

[90] Holtmaat K,

[91] Aaronson NK,

[92] Groenvold M,

[93] Holzner B, et al.

[94] 18.↵
Chongcharoen P,
Choobun T,
Khanuengkitkong S
. Female sexual function index for screening of female sexual dysfunction using DSM-5-TR criteria in Thai women: a prospective cross-sectional diagnostic study. PLoS One 2024; 19: e0298935.
OpenUrl PubMed

[95] Chongcharoen P,

[96] Choobun T,

[97] Khanuengkitkong S

[98] 19.↵
Melisse B,
van Furth EF,
de Beurs E
. The Saudi-Arabic adaptation of the body shape questionnaire (BSQ34): psychometrics and norms of the full version and the short version (BSQ8C). Front Psychol 2022; 13: 1046075.
OpenUrl PubMed

[99] Melisse B,

[100] van Furth EF,

[101] de Beurs E

[102] 20.↵
Alhuwaydi AM,
Alqahtani AM,
Alsadun RS,
Alruwaili OS,
Thirunavukkarasu A,
Abdel-Salam DM, et al.
Assessment of binge eating behavior, body shape concerns, and associated factors among female adolescents of Northern Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Nutrients 2024; 16: 3082.
OpenUrl PubMed

[103] Alhuwaydi AM,

[104] Alqahtani AM,

[105] Alsadun RS,

[106] Alruwaili OS,

[107] Thirunavukkarasu A,

[108] Abdel-Salam DM, et al.

[109] 21.↵
S A, Sagar
R, Mehta
M, T SI
. Psychiatric co-morbidities and body shape dissatisfaction in adolescents with obesity - a school based case controlled study. Indian J Pediatr 2021; 88: 235-239.
OpenUrl PubMed

[110] S A, Sagar

[111] R, Mehta

[112] M, T SI

[113] 22.↵
Madbouly K,
Al-Anazi M,
Al-Anazi H,
Aljarbou A,
Almannie R,
Habous M, et al.
Prevalence and predictive factors of female sexual dysfunction in a sample of Saudi women. Sex Med 2021; 9: 100277.
OpenUrl PubMed

[114] Madbouly K,

[115] Al-Anazi M,

[116] Al-Anazi H,

[117] Aljarbou A,

[118] Almannie R,

[119] Habous M, et al.

[120] 23.↵
AlAhmari LSM,
Alzahrani HS,
Alzahrani N,
AlDhafyan SO,
Al-Qahtani RH,
Al-Zaid JA, et al.
Measures of health-related quality of life in PCOS women: a cross sectional study from Saudi Arabia. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2024; 28: 1913-1919.
OpenUrl PubMed

[121] AlAhmari LSM,

[122] Alzahrani HS,

[123] Alzahrani N,

[124] AlDhafyan SO,

[125] Al-Qahtani RH,

[126] Al-Zaid JA, et al.

[127] 24.↵
Loh HH,
Yee A,
Loh HS,
Kanagasundram S,
Francis B,
Lim LL
. Sexual dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hormones (Athens) 2020; 19: 413-423.
OpenUrl PubMed

[128] Loh HH,

[129] Yee A,

[130] Loh HS,

[131] Kanagasundram S,

[132] Francis B,

[133] Lim LL

[134] 25.↵
Kałużna M,
Nomejko A,
Słowińska A,
Wachowiak-Ochmańska K,
Pikosz K,
Ziemnicka K, et al.
Lower sexual satisfaction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolic syndrome. Endocr Connect 2021; 10: 1035-1044.
OpenUrl PubMed

[135] Kałużna M,

[136] Nomejko A,

[137] Słowińska A,

[138] Wachowiak-Ochmańska K,

[139] Pikosz K,

[140] Ziemnicka K, et al.

[141] 26.↵
Eftekhar T,
Sohrabvand F,
Zabandan N,
Shariat M,
Haghollahi F,
Ghahghaei-Nezamabadi A
. Sexual dysfunction in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and its affected domains. Iran J Reprod Med 2014; 12: 539-546.
OpenUrl PubMed

[142] Eftekhar T,

[143] Sohrabvand F,

[144] Zabandan N,

[145] Shariat M,

[146] Haghollahi F,

[147] Ghahghaei-Nezamabadi A

[148] 27.↵
Steinberg Weiss M,
Roe AH,
Allison KC,
Dodson WC,
Kris-Etherton PM,
Kunselman AR, et al.
Lifestyle modifications alone or combined with hormonal contraceptives improve sexual dysfunction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2021; 115: 474-482.
OpenUrl PubMed

[149] Steinberg Weiss M,

[150] Roe AH,

[151] Allison KC,

[152] Dodson WC,

[153] Kris-Etherton PM,

[154] Kunselman AR, et al.

[155] 28.↵
Nappi RE,
Tiranini L
. Polycystic ovary syndrome and sexuality. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38: 535-536.
OpenUrl PubMed

[156] Nappi RE,

[157] Tiranini L

[158] 29.↵
Warchala A,
Madej P,
Kochanowicz M,
Krzystanek M
. Sexual function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome living in stable heterosexual relationships: a cross-sectional study. J Clin Med 2024; 13: 2227.
OpenUrl PubMed

[159] Warchala A,

[160] Madej P,

[161] Kochanowicz M,

[162] Krzystanek M

[163] 30.↵
Daescu AC,
Dehelean L,
Navolan DB,
Gaitoane AI,
Daescu A,
Stoian D
. Effects of hormonal profile, weight, and body image on sexual function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11: 1488.
OpenUrl PubMed

[164] Daescu AC,

[165] Dehelean L,

[166] Navolan DB,

[167] Gaitoane AI,

[168] Daescu A,

[169] Stoian D

[170] 31.↵
Nazarpour S,
Simbar M,
Khorrami M,
Jafari Torkamani Z,
Saghafi R,
Alavi-Majd H
. The association between sexual function and body image among postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21: 403.
OpenUrl PubMed

[171] Nazarpour S,

[172] Simbar M,

[173] Khorrami M,

[174] Jafari Torkamani Z,

[175] Saghafi R,

[176] Alavi-Majd H

[177] 32.↵
Cihan A,
Cihan E
. Self-esteem and positive body image to overcome female sexual dysfunction. Ann Acad Med Singap 2023; 52: 170-171.
OpenUrl PubMed

[178] Cihan A,

[179] Cihan E

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Body shape concerns, sexual satisfaction, and associated factors among patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome

A cross-sectional study in Western Saudi Arabia

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Body shape concerns, sexual satisfaction, and associated factors among patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome

A cross-sectional study in Western Saudi Arabia

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