Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Latest
    • Archive
    • home
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
    • Join SMJ
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Office
    • Editorial Board
  • More
    • Advertising
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Folders
    • Help
  • Other Publications
    • NeuroSciences Journal

User menu

  • My alerts
  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
Saudi Medical Journal
  • Other Publications
    • NeuroSciences Journal
  • My alerts
  • Log in
Saudi Medical Journal

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Latest
    • Archive
    • home
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
    • Join SMJ
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Office
    • Editorial Board
  • More
    • Advertising
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Folders
    • Help
  • Follow psmmc on Twitter
  • Visit psmmc on Facebook
  • RSS
Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Prevalence and clinical considerations of Y chromosome microdeletions in azoospermic and oligozoopsermic infertile men from Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia

Monis B. Shamsi, Rima Dada, Reham M. Balahmar, Dimah Zaytuni, Ghadeer Alharbi, Syed N. Imam, Emad Rajih, Muhammad Latif and Saif Ahmad
Saudi Medical Journal February 2025, 46 (2) 124-130; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2025.46.2.20240764
Monis B. Shamsi
From the Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (Shamsi, Balahmar, Zaytuni, Alharbi, Latif); from the Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Shamsi, Imam, Latif); from the Department of General and Specialized Surgery (Rajih), College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Anatomy (Dada), Laboratory of Molecular Reproduction & Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, and from the Department of Translational Neuroscience (Ahmad), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, United States of America.
MS, PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Monis B. Shamsi
  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Rima Dada
From the Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (Shamsi, Balahmar, Zaytuni, Alharbi, Latif); from the Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Shamsi, Imam, Latif); from the Department of General and Specialized Surgery (Rajih), College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Anatomy (Dada), Laboratory of Molecular Reproduction & Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, and from the Department of Translational Neuroscience (Ahmad), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, United States of America.
MD, PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Reham M. Balahmar
From the Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (Shamsi, Balahmar, Zaytuni, Alharbi, Latif); from the Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Shamsi, Imam, Latif); from the Department of General and Specialized Surgery (Rajih), College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Anatomy (Dada), Laboratory of Molecular Reproduction & Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, and from the Department of Translational Neuroscience (Ahmad), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, United States of America.
MS, PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Dimah Zaytuni
From the Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (Shamsi, Balahmar, Zaytuni, Alharbi, Latif); from the Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Shamsi, Imam, Latif); from the Department of General and Specialized Surgery (Rajih), College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Anatomy (Dada), Laboratory of Molecular Reproduction & Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, and from the Department of Translational Neuroscience (Ahmad), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, United States of America.
BS
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Ghadeer Alharbi
From the Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (Shamsi, Balahmar, Zaytuni, Alharbi, Latif); from the Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Shamsi, Imam, Latif); from the Department of General and Specialized Surgery (Rajih), College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Anatomy (Dada), Laboratory of Molecular Reproduction & Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, and from the Department of Translational Neuroscience (Ahmad), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, United States of America.
BS
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Syed N. Imam
From the Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (Shamsi, Balahmar, Zaytuni, Alharbi, Latif); from the Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Shamsi, Imam, Latif); from the Department of General and Specialized Surgery (Rajih), College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Anatomy (Dada), Laboratory of Molecular Reproduction & Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, and from the Department of Translational Neuroscience (Ahmad), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, United States of America.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Emad Rajih
From the Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (Shamsi, Balahmar, Zaytuni, Alharbi, Latif); from the Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Shamsi, Imam, Latif); from the Department of General and Specialized Surgery (Rajih), College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Anatomy (Dada), Laboratory of Molecular Reproduction & Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, and from the Department of Translational Neuroscience (Ahmad), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, United States of America.
MBBS, MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Muhammad Latif
From the Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (Shamsi, Balahmar, Zaytuni, Alharbi, Latif); from the Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Shamsi, Imam, Latif); from the Department of General and Specialized Surgery (Rajih), College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Anatomy (Dada), Laboratory of Molecular Reproduction & Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, and from the Department of Translational Neuroscience (Ahmad), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, United States of America.
MS, PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Saif Ahmad
From the Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (Shamsi, Balahmar, Zaytuni, Alharbi, Latif); from the Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Shamsi, Imam, Latif); from the Department of General and Specialized Surgery (Rajih), College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Anatomy (Dada), Laboratory of Molecular Reproduction & Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, and from the Department of Translational Neuroscience (Ahmad), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, United States of America.
MS, PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • eLetters
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF
Loading

References

  1. 1.↵
    1. Agarwal A,
    2. Baskaran S,
    3. Parekh N,
    4. Cho CL,
    5. Henkel R,
    6. Vij S, et al.
    Male infertility. Lancet 2021; 397: 319-333.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  2. 2.↵
    1. Kuroda S,
    2. Usui K,
    3. Sanjo H,
    4. Takeshima T,
    5. Kawahara T,
    6. Uemura H, et al.
    Genetic disorders and male infertility. Reprod Med Biol 2020; 19: 314-322.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  3. 3.↵
    1. Witherspoon L,
    2. Dergham A,
    3. Flannigan R
    . Y-microdeletions: a review of the genetic basis for this common cause of male infertility. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10: 1383-1390.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  4. 4.↵
    1. Krausz C,
    2. Hoefsloot L,
    3. Simoni M,
    4. Tüttelmann F
    . EAA/EMQN best practice guidelines for molecular diagnosis of Y-chromosomal microdeletions: state-of-the-art 2013. Andrology 2014; 2: 5-19.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  5. 5.↵
    1. Krausz C,
    2. Cioppi F,
    3. Riera-Escamilla A
    . Testing for genetic contributions to infertility: potential clinical impact. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 18: 331-346.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  6. 6.↵
    1. Schlegel PN,
    2. Sigman M,
    3. Collura B,
    4. De Jonge CJ,
    5. Eisenberg ML,
    6. Lamb DJ, et al.
    Diagnosis and treatment of infertility in men: AUA/ASRM guideline part I. J Urol 2021; 205: 36-43.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  7. 7.↵
    1. Mascarenhas MN,
    2. Flaxman SR,
    3. Boerma T,
    4. Vanderpoel S,
    5. Stevens GA
    . National, regional, and global trends in infertility prevalence since 1990: a systematic analysis of 277 health surveys. PLoS Med 2012; 9: e1001356.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  8. 8.↵
    1. Al-Turki HA
    . Prevalence of primary and secondary infertility from tertiary center in eastern Saudi Arabia. Middle East Fertil Soc J 2015; 20: 237-240.
    OpenUrl
  9. 9.↵
    1. Mukhtar HB,
    2. Shaman A,
    3. Mirghani HO,
    4. Almasalmah AA
    . The outcome of assisted reproductive techniques among couples with male factors at Prince Khalid Bin Sultan Fertility Centre, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017; 5: 603-607.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  10. 10.↵
    1. Lu JC,
    2. Huang YF,
    3. Lü NQ
    . [WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen: its applicability to andrology laboratories in China]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2010; 16: 867-871. [In Chinese].
    OpenUrlPubMed
  11. 11.↵
    1. Marwal A,
    2. Sahu AK,
    3. Gaur RK
    . Chapter 16 - molecular markers: tool for genetic analysis. Academic Press 2014: 289-305.
  12. 12.↵
    1. Beg MA,
    2. Nieschlag E,
    3. Abdel-Meguid TA,
    4. Alam Q,
    5. Abdelsalam A,
    6. Haque A, et al.
    Genetic investigations on causes of male infertility in Western Saudi Arabia. Andrologia 2019; 51: e13272.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  13. 13.↵
    1. Hellani A,
    2. Al-Hassan S,
    3. Al-Duraihim A,
    4. Coskun S
    . Y chromosome microdeletions: are they implicated in teratozoospermia? Hum Reprod 2005; 20: 3505-3509.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  14. 14.↵
    1. Hellani A,
    2. Al-Hassan S,
    3. Iqbal MA,
    4. Coskun S
    . Y chromosome microdeletions in infertile men with idiopathic oligo- or azoospermia. J Exp Clin Assist Reprod 2006; 3: 1.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  15. 15.↵
    1. Alhathal N,
    2. Maddirevula S,
    3. Coskun S,
    4. Alali H,
    5. Assoum M,
    6. Morris T, et al.
    A genomics approach to male infertility. Genet Med 2020; 22: 1967-1975.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  16. 16.↵
    1. Kohn TP,
    2. Kohn JR,
    3. Owen RC,
    4. Coward RM
    . The prevalence of Y-chromosome microdeletions in oligozoospermic men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of European and North American studies. Eur Urol 2019; 76: 626-636.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  17. 17.↵
    1. Dada R,
    2. Kumar R,
    3. Shamsi MB,
    4. Kumar R,
    5. Kucheria K,
    6. Sharma RK, et al.
    Higher frequency of Yq microdeletions in sperm DNA as compared to DNA isolated from blood. Asian J Androl 2007; 9: 720-722.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  18. 18.↵
    1. Suganthi R,
    2. Vijesh VV,
    3. Vandana N,
    4. Fathima Ali Benazir J
    . Y choromosomal microdeletion screening in the workup of male infertility and its current status in India. Int J Fertil Steril 2014; 7: 253-266.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  19. 19.↵
    1. Alzahrani MA,
    2. Alghafees MA,
    3. Aldosari LH,
    4. Almaymuni AK,
    5. Altalhah AM,
    6. Abualgasem MM, et al.
    Status of azoospermia in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective narrative mini-review. OBM Genetics 2024; 08: 265.
    OpenUrl
  20. 20.↵
    1. Arafa MM,
    2. Majzoub A,
    3. AlSaid SS,
    4. El Ansari W,
    5. Al Ansari A,
    6. Elbardisi Y, et al.
    Chromosomal abnormalities in infertile men with azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia in Qatar and their association with sperm retrieval intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes. Arab J Urol 2017; 16: 132-139.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  21. 21.↵
    1. Degheili JA,
    2. Yacoubian AA,
    3. Abu Dargham RH,
    4. Bachir BG
    . Prevalence of Y-chromosomal microdeletions and karyotype abnormalities in a cohort of Lebanese infertile men. Urol Ann 2022; 14: 48-52.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  22. 22.↵
    1. Hammood S,
    2. Alsallami A,
    3. Alkhafaji S
    . Detection Y chromosome microdeletions among Iraq population in infertile patients with azoospermia and severe oligospermia. Int J Drug Deliv Technol 2019: 9.
  23. 23.
    1. Omrani MD,
    2. Samadzadae S,
    3. Bagheri M,
    4. Attar K
    . Y chromosome microdeletions in idiopathic infertile men from West Azarbaijan. Urol J 2006; 3: 38-43.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  24. 24.↵
    1. Fayez A,
    2. El-Sayed A,
    3. El-Desouky M,
    4. Zarouk W,
    5. El-Ruby M,
    6. Mahmood A, et al.
    Molecular characterization of some genetic factors controlling spermatogenesis in Egyptian patients with male infertility. IJIFM 2012; 3: 69-77.
    OpenUrl
  25. 25.
    1. Chabchoub I,
    2. Kdous M,
    3. Zhioua F,
    4. Gaied A,
    5. Merdassi G
    . Y chromosome microdeletions screening in Tunisian infertile men. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 2019; 77: 517-523.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  26. 26.
    1. Alhalabi M,
    2. Kenj M,
    3. Monem F,
    4. Mahayri Z,
    5. Abou Alchamat G,
    6. Madania A
    . High prevalence of genetic abnormalities in Middle Eastern patients with idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia. J Assist Reprod Genet 2013; 30: 799-805.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  27. 27.
    1. Rejeb I,
    2. M’rad R,
    3. Maazoul F,
    4. Trabelsi M,
    5. Ben Jemaa L,
    6. Chaabouni M, et al.
    Y chromosome microdeletions in Tunisian infertile males. Pathol Biol (Paris) 2008; 56: 111-115.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  28. 28.
    1. Yousefi-Razin E,
    2. Nasiri MJ,
    3. Omrani MD
    . Frequency of Y chromosome microdeletions among Iranian infertile men with azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia: a meta-analysis. J Reprod Infertil 2016; 17: 208-212.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  29. 29.
    1. Batiha O,
    2. Haifawi S,
    3. Al-Smadi M,
    4. Burghel GJ,
    5. Naber Z,
    6. Elbetieha AM, et al.
    Molecular analysis of CAG repeat length of the androgen receptor gene and Y chromosome microdeletions among Jordanian azoospermic infertile males. Andrologia 2018.
  30. 30.↵
    1. Abu-Amero KK,
    2. Hellani A,
    3. González AM,
    4. Larruga JM,
    5. Cabrera VM,
    6. Underhill PA
    . Saudi Arabian Y-chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions. BMC Genet 2009; 10: 59.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  31. 31.↵
    1. Flores C,
    2. Maca-Meyer N,
    3. Larruga JM,
    4. Cabrera VM,
    5. Karadsheh N,
    6. Gonzalez AM
    . Isolates in a corridor of migrations: a high-resolution analysis of Y-chromosome variation in Jordan. J Hum Genet 2005; 50: 435-441.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  32. 32.↵
    1. Arredi B,
    2. Ferlin A,
    3. Speltra E,
    4. Bedin C,
    5. Zuccarello D,
    6. Ganz F, et al.
    Y-chromosome haplogroups and susceptibility to azoospermia factor c microdeletion in an Italian population. J Med Genet 2007; 44: 205-208.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  33. 33.↵
    1. Kamp C,
    2. Hirschmann P,
    3. Voss H,
    4. Huellen K,
    5. Vogt PH
    . Two long homologous retroviral sequence blocks in proximal Yq11 cause AZFa microdeletions as a result of intrachromosomal recombination events. Hum Mol Genet 2000; 9: 2563-2572.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  34. 34.↵
    1. Park SH,
    2. Lee HS,
    3. Choe JH,
    4. Lee JS,
    5. Seo JT
    . Success rate of microsurgical multiple testicular sperm extraction and sperm presence in the ejaculate in korean men with y chromosome microdeletions. Korean J Urol 2013; 54: 536-540.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  35. 35.
    1. Seboun E,
    2. Barbaux S,
    3. Bourgeron T,
    4. Nishi S,
    5. Agulnik A,
    6. Egashira M, et al.
    Gene sequence, localization, and evolutionary conservation of DAZLA, a candidate male sterility gene. Genomics 1997; 41: 227-235.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  36. 36.↵
    1. Saxena R,
    2. Brown LG,
    3. Hawkins T,
    4. Alagappan RK,
    5. Skaletsky H,
    6. Reeve MP, et al.
    The DAZ gene cluster on the human Y chromosome arose from an autosomal gene that was transposed, repeatedly amplified and pruned. Nat Genet 1996; 14: 292-299.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  37. 37.↵
    1. Chang PL,
    2. Sauer MV,
    3. Brown S
    . Y chromosome microdeletion in a father and his 4 infertile sons. Hum Reprod 1999; 14: 2689-2694.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  38. 38.↵
    1. Kim SY,
    2. Kim HJ,
    3. Lee BY,
    4. Park SY,
    5. Lee HS,
    6. Seo JT
    . Y chromosome microdeletions in infertile men with non-obstructive azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia. J Reprod Infertil 2017; 18: 307-315.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  39. 39.↵
    1. Addolorato G,
    2. Mirijello A,
    3. Leggio L,
    4. Ferrulli A,
    5. D’Angelo C,
    6. Vassallo G, et al.
    Liver transplantation in alcoholic patients: impact of an alcohol addiction unit within a liver transplant center. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 37: 1601-1608.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  40. 40.↵
    1. Abid S,
    2. Maitra A,
    3. Meherji P,
    4. Patel Z,
    5. Kadam S,
    6. Shah J, et al.
    Clinical and laboratory evaluation of idiopathic male infertility in a secondary referral center in India. J Clin Lab Anal 2008; 22: 29-38.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

Saudi Medical Journal: 46 (2)
Saudi Medical Journal
Vol. 46, Issue 2
1 Feb 2025
  • Table of Contents
  • Cover (PDF)
  • Index by author
Print
Download PDF
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Saudi Medical Journal.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Prevalence and clinical considerations of Y chromosome microdeletions in azoospermic and oligozoopsermic infertile men from Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
(Your Name) has sent you a message from Saudi Medical Journal
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the Saudi Medical Journal web site.
Citation Tools
Prevalence and clinical considerations of Y chromosome microdeletions in azoospermic and oligozoopsermic infertile men from Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
Monis B. Shamsi, Rima Dada, Reham M. Balahmar, Dimah Zaytuni, Ghadeer Alharbi, Syed N. Imam, Emad Rajih, Muhammad Latif, Saif Ahmad
Saudi Medical Journal Feb 2025, 46 (2) 124-130; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2025.46.2.20240764

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Prevalence and clinical considerations of Y chromosome microdeletions in azoospermic and oligozoopsermic infertile men from Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
Monis B. Shamsi, Rima Dada, Reham M. Balahmar, Dimah Zaytuni, Ghadeer Alharbi, Syed N. Imam, Emad Rajih, Muhammad Latif, Saif Ahmad
Saudi Medical Journal Feb 2025, 46 (2) 124-130; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2025.46.2.20240764
Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
Bookmark this article

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Acknowledgment
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • eLetters
  • References
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • No citing articles found.
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • Exploring communication challenges with children and parents among pharmacists in Saudi Arabia
  • Exploring hypothyroidism’s effects on lipid profiles
  • Assessment of asthma control levels in a tertiary hospital
Show more Original Article

Similar Articles

Keywords

  • Y chromosome microdeletions
  • male infertility
  • azoospermia
  • oligozoospermia
  • STS markers

CONTENT

  • home

JOURNAL

  • home

AUTHORS

  • home
Saudi Medical Journal

© 2025 Saudi Medical Journal Saudi Medical Journal is copyright under the Berne Convention and the International Copyright Convention.  Saudi Medical Journal is an Open Access journal and articles published are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (CC BY-NC). Readers may copy, distribute, and display the work for non-commercial purposes with the proper citation of the original work. Electronic ISSN 1658-3175. Print ISSN 0379-5284.

Powered by HighWire