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Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Association between factor I fibrinogen (rs6050) and factor XI plasma thromboplastin (rs4253417) genetic polymorphisms and recurrent spontaneous miscarriage in Saudi women

Aaishah M. Kaabi, Afrah F. Alkhuriji, Zeneb A. Babay, Ibrahim A. Barakat, Abdullah M. Kaabi and Reem M. Kaabi
Saudi Medical Journal February 2025, 46 (2) 150-156; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2025.46.2.20240692
Aaishah M. Kaabi
From the Department of Zoology (Aaishah Kaabi, Al-Khuriji), College of Science; from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Babay)King Saud University; from the Central Military Laboratory & Blood Bank (Abdullah Kaabi), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh; and from the Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank (Reem Kaabi), Al-Bukayriyah General Hospital, Qassim, Kingdom Saudi Arabia; and from the Cell Biology Department (Barakat), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
BSc, MSc
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  • ORCID record for Aaishah M. Kaabi
  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Afrah F. Alkhuriji
From the Department of Zoology (Aaishah Kaabi, Al-Khuriji), College of Science; from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Babay)King Saud University; from the Central Military Laboratory & Blood Bank (Abdullah Kaabi), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh; and from the Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank (Reem Kaabi), Al-Bukayriyah General Hospital, Qassim, Kingdom Saudi Arabia; and from the Cell Biology Department (Barakat), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
MD, PhD
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Zeneb A. Babay
From the Department of Zoology (Aaishah Kaabi, Al-Khuriji), College of Science; from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Babay)King Saud University; from the Central Military Laboratory & Blood Bank (Abdullah Kaabi), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh; and from the Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank (Reem Kaabi), Al-Bukayriyah General Hospital, Qassim, Kingdom Saudi Arabia; and from the Cell Biology Department (Barakat), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
MD
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Ibrahim A. Barakat
From the Department of Zoology (Aaishah Kaabi, Al-Khuriji), College of Science; from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Babay)King Saud University; from the Central Military Laboratory & Blood Bank (Abdullah Kaabi), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh; and from the Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank (Reem Kaabi), Al-Bukayriyah General Hospital, Qassim, Kingdom Saudi Arabia; and from the Cell Biology Department (Barakat), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
MSc, PhD
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Abdullah M. Kaabi
From the Department of Zoology (Aaishah Kaabi, Al-Khuriji), College of Science; from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Babay)King Saud University; from the Central Military Laboratory & Blood Bank (Abdullah Kaabi), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh; and from the Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank (Reem Kaabi), Al-Bukayriyah General Hospital, Qassim, Kingdom Saudi Arabia; and from the Cell Biology Department (Barakat), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
BMLSc
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Reem M. Kaabi
From the Department of Zoology (Aaishah Kaabi, Al-Khuriji), College of Science; from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Babay)King Saud University; from the Central Military Laboratory & Blood Bank (Abdullah Kaabi), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh; and from the Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank (Reem Kaabi), Al-Bukayriyah General Hospital, Qassim, Kingdom Saudi Arabia; and from the Cell Biology Department (Barakat), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
BMLSc
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Article Figures & Data

Tables

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    Table 1

    - Association of Factor I fibrinogen rs6050 C/T polymorphism with recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (RSM) in pregnant Saudi women.

    GenotypeRSM pregnantControlPatients (RSM pregnant) vs. control
    n (%)ORn (%)ORORCIX2P-value
    CC7 (14%)0.1613 (26%)0.350.460.17 to 1.282.230.14
    CT31 (62%)1.6314 (28%)0.394.181.81 to 9.7311.560.001
    TT12 (24%)0.3223 (46%)0.850.380.16 to 0.875.270.02
    Total5050    
    Alleles frequencies
    C45 (45%)0.8240 (40%)0.671.220.70 to 2.15  
    T55 (55%)1.2260 (60%)1.50.810.46 to 1.430.510.48

    CI: Confidence interval, vs: versus, a p-value of ≤0.05 determined statistical significance, OR: odds ratio, X2: Chi-square

      • View popup
      Table 2

      - Recurrent susceptibility to spontaneous miscarriage and Factor I fibrinogen rs6050 C/T polymorphism in non-pregnant Saudi women

      GenotypeRSM non-pregnantControlPatients (non-pregnant RSM) vs. Control
      n (%)ORn (%)ORORCIX2P-value
      CC6 (12%)0.145 (10%)0.111.270.35 to 4.320.100.75
      CT34 (68%)2.1314 (28%)0.395.462.32 to 12.8715.870.001
      TT10 (20%)0.2531 (62%)1.630.150.06 to 0.3818.050.001
      Total5050    
      Alleles frequencies
      C46 (46%)0.8524 (24%)0.322.661.47 to 4.94  
      T54 (54%)1.1776 (76%)3.170.370.20 to 0.7810.580.001

      CI: Confidence interval, vs: versus, A p-value of ≤0.05 determined statistical significance, OR: Odds ratio, X2: Chi-square

        • View popup
        Table 3

        - Factor XI plasma thromboplastin rs4253417 C/T polymorphism in pregnant Saudi women experiencing recurrent spontaneous miscarriage.

        GenotypeRSM pregnantControlPatients (RSM pregnant) vs. Control
        n (%)ORn (%)ORORCIX2P-value
        CC15 (30%)0.4313 (26%)0.351.230.51 to 2.930.200.66
        CT8 (16%)0.1915 (30%)0.430.440.17 to 1.172.740.10
        TT27 (54%)1.1722 (44%)0.791.480.68 to 3.290.990.32
        Total5050    
        Alleles frequencies
        C38 (38%)0.6141 (41%)0.690.880.50 to 1.56  
        T62 (62%)1.6359 (59%)1.441.130.64 to 2.000.190.66

        CI: Confidence interval, vs: versus, A p-value of ≤0.05 determined statistical significance, OR: Odds ratio, X2: Chi-square

          • View popup
          Table 4

          - Factor XI plasma thromboplastin rs4253417 C/T polymorphism in non-pregnant Saudi women with recurrent spontaneous miscarriage.

          GenotypeRSM non-pregnantControlPatients (RSM non-pregnant) vs. Control
          n (%)ORn (%)ORORCIX2P-value
          CC22 (44%)0.7922 (44%)0.791.000.45 to 2.200.000.99
          CT6 (12%)0.149 (18%)0.220.640.20 to 1.900.700.40
          TT22 (44%)0.7919 (38%)0.611.300.58 to 2.850.370.54
          Total5050    
          Alleles frequencies
          C50 (50%)1.0053 (53%)1.130.880.51 to 1.54  
          T50 (50%)1.0047 (47%)0.891.120.65 to 1.960.180.67

          CI: Confidence interval, vs: versus, A p-value of ≤0.05 determined statistical significance, OR: odds ratio, X2: Chi-square

            • View popup
            Table 5

            - Comparison of the mean levels of fibrinogen and plasma thromboplastin in Saudi women with recurrent spontaneous miscarriage and healthy controls.

            Traits group*FibrinogenPlasma thromboplastin
            Non-pregnant
            Control3.972 ± 0.10492.900 ± 4.519†
            Patient3.839 ± 0.106111.360 ± 3.174‡
            Significant0.3750.001
            Pregnant
            Control4.813 ± 0.13294.780 ± 2.385†
            Patient4.737 ± 0.135104.480 ± 3.110‡
            Significant0.6870.015
            • ↵† indicate significant differences at p≤0.05.

            • ↵‡ indicate significant differences at p≤0.05.

            • ↵* Comparisons between control and patients with the same physiological status.

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          Association between factor I fibrinogen (rs6050) and factor XI plasma thromboplastin (rs4253417) genetic polymorphisms and recurrent spontaneous miscarriage in Saudi women
          Aaishah M. Kaabi, Afrah F. Alkhuriji, Zeneb A. Babay, Ibrahim A. Barakat, Abdullah M. Kaabi, Reem M. Kaabi
          Saudi Medical Journal Feb 2025, 46 (2) 150-156; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2025.46.2.20240692

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          Association between factor I fibrinogen (rs6050) and factor XI plasma thromboplastin (rs4253417) genetic polymorphisms and recurrent spontaneous miscarriage in Saudi women
          Aaishah M. Kaabi, Afrah F. Alkhuriji, Zeneb A. Babay, Ibrahim A. Barakat, Abdullah M. Kaabi, Reem M. Kaabi
          Saudi Medical Journal Feb 2025, 46 (2) 150-156; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2025.46.2.20240692
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          Keywords

          • Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
          • TaqMan assay
          • clotting factors
          • genomic DNA
          • factor I fibrinogen
          • factor XI plasma thromboplastin
          • Recurrent spontaneous miscarriage

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