Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
- Flow diagram of the study design and selection criteria. The year 2013 had no fungal positive cultures that met the study criteria.
- Figure 2
- Number of fungal episodes isolated between 2014 and 2023. The year 2013 had no fungal positive cultures that met the study criteria
Tables
Years Fungal Incidence per 10000 Prevalence % Admissions Total samples 2014 2 53.8 (0.02) 12771 3719 2015 1 22.8 (0.01) 11855 4395 2016 21 527 (0.17) 12028 3986 2017 3 89.9 (0.02) 12119 3336 2018 115 3094 (1.02) 11260 3717 2019 90 1931 (0.77) 11629 4662 2020 47 862 (0.41) 11551 5455 2021 24 477 (0.18) 13423 5029 2022 14 256 (0.1) 14069 5465 2023 35 514 (0.24) 14813 6815 Grand total 352 756 (0.25) 141764 46579 Fungal organisms BAL Sputum Biopsy Female Male Adults (20-60) Senior (>60) Total % I R s Mold 8 15 0 8 15 13 10 23 7 - - 0 A. flavus 0 4 0 2 2 2 2 4 1 - - - A. fumigatus 8 4 0 4 8 8 4 12 3 - - - A. niger 0 5 0 0 5 1 4 5 1 - - - Mucor spp 0 2 0 2 0 2 2 1 - - - C. albicans 19 114 17 59 91 46 104 150 43 1 1 127 Non-C. albicans (NAC) 25 113 41 91 88 22 157 179 51 2 6 169 C. dubliniensis 0 12 0 5 7 5 7 12 3 0 0 11 C. glabrata 4 13 8 13 12 11 14 25 7 0 2 22 C. parapsilosis 0 6 12 12 6 6 12 18 5 1 1 16 C. tropicalis 21 82 16 56 63 0 119 119 34 0 2 117 C. krusei 0 0 5 5 0 0 5 5 1 1 1 3 Grand total 52 242 58 158 194 81 271 352 100 3 7 296 P-value using regression - - - 0.82 0.99 0.31 4.69×1023 - - - - - C: Candida, A: Aspergillus, *I: intermediate resistance, R: high resistance, - : untested, s: sensitive, Please indicate why C. albicans is in bold letters.
- Table 3
- Number of comorbidities over the study period and occurrence in different fungal species.
Comorbidities 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Mold Non-C. albicans C. albicans Total (%) Unknown 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 (0.6) Respiratory 0 0 4 1 36 39 18 0 0 9 10 38 59 107 (30) Oncology 0 0 1 1 13 26 0 0 0 5 3 30 13 46 (13) Kidney disease 0 0 7 0 6 1 0 0 0 0 2 6 6 14 (4) Coma, unspecified 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 (1.7) Fever, unspecified 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 (1.7) Hypokalemia 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 6 (1.7) Gastrointestinal 1 1 1 1 18 0 6 4 5 11 3 23 22 48 (14) Lower limb injury and diabetes 0 0 0 0 19 0 11 6 9 10 0 42 13 55 (16) Cardiovascular disease 0 0 0 0 16 6 6 0 0 0 1 12 15 28 (8) Amoebic infection of other sites 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 4 4 (1.1) Sepsis, unspecified 0 0 1 0 1 9 0 5 0 0 1 12 3 16 (4.5) Accidents 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 5 0 0 2 0 6 8 (2.3) Urinary tract infection, site not specified 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 6 (1.7) Grand total 2 1 21 3 115 90 47 24 14 35 23 179 150 352 (100) Percentage 0.57 0.28 5.97 0.85 32.7 26 13.4 6.82 3.98 9.94 6.53 50.9 42.61 100 28 - Table 4
- Regression analysis of respiratory fungal infections with several comorbidities highlight significant p-value in bold.
Parameter/risk factor C. albicansp-value Non-C. albicansp-value Mold p-value Multiple R 0.62 0.729721 0.625947 R square 0.394893 0.532493 0.39181 Adjusted R square 0.273871 0.438992 0.270172 Standard error 2.551274 2.514981 0.413841 Intercept 0.486992 0.580391 1.97E-12 Respiratory 3.1E-06 0.003578 2.03E-05 Oncology 0.003671 1.33E-05 0.207657 Kidney disease 0.08033 0.084096 0.034057 Coma, unspecified 0.017269 0.912936 0.091873 Fever, unspecified 0.017269 0.912936 0.091873 Hypokalemia 0.445754 0.001811 0.203029 Gastrointestinal 0.002495 0.000863 0.000312 Lower limb injury and diabetes 0.071918 6.41E-07 6.36E-05 Cardiovascular disease 0.019095 0.026829 0.001691 Amoebic infection of other sites 0.890581 0.09995 0.091873 Sepsis, unspecified 0.543917 0.001309 0.014173 Accidents 0.041496 0.901988 0.114994 Urinary tract infection, site not specified 0.890581 0.017055 0.091873
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