Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
- Frequency of patients sensitized to various inhaled allergens across different age groups of the study population based on immunoglobulin E antibody titer classes (1-5).
- Figure 2
- Prevalence of immunoglobulin E sensitization to 20 inhaled indoor and outdoor allergens represented in a descending manner.
Tables
- Table 1
- Immunoglobulin E status in the demographic subgroups of the study population (N=104).
Patient’s age group Male, n=61 (58.7) Female, n=43 (41.3) Ar, n=20 (32.8) NAr, n=41 (67.2) Ar, n=22 (51.2) NAr, n=21 (48.8) IgE +ve IgE -ve IgE +ve IgE -ve IgE +ve IgE -ve IgE +ve IgE -ve n=13 (21.3) n=7 (11.5) n= 34 (55.7) n=7 (11.5) n=9 (20.9) n=13 (30.3) n=11 (25.6) n=10 (23.2) 1-15 years, n=24 (23.1) 3 (4.9) 1 (1.6) 9 (14.7) 4 (6.5) 1 (2.3) 3 (6.97) 3 (6.97) 0 (0.0) 16-30 years, n=32 (30.8) 2 (3.3) 2 (3.3) 14 (22.9) 0 (0.0) 3 (7.0) 4 (9.30) 4 (9.30) 3 (6.97) 31-45 years, n=34 (32.7) 7 (11.5) 3 (4.9) 8 (13.1) 1 (1.6) 4 (9.3) 2 (4.65) 3 (6.97) 6 (13.95) 45-60 years, n=10 (9.6) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 3 (4.9) 1 (1.6) 1 (2.3) 3 (6.97) 1 (2.32) 1 (2.32) ≥61 years, n=4 (3.8) 1 (1.6) 1 (1.6) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.6) 0 (0.0) 1 (2.32) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Values are presented as numbers and percentages (%). Ar: Arab, NAr: non-Arab, IgE: immunoglobulin E +ve: positive, -ve: negative
- Table 2
- Frequency of single and multiple inhaled allergens in male and female patients of different age groups in both Arab and non-Arab study populations with varying classes of immunoglobulin E concentration.
Patient’s age group (n=67) Ethnicity M//F Different classes of IgE concentration (kU/l) 1 (0.35≤sIgE<0.7 kU/l) 2 (0.7≤sIgE<3.5 kU/l) 3 (3.5≤sIgE<17.5 kU/l) 4 (17.5≤sIgE<50.0 kU/l) 5 (50≤sIgE<100 kU/l) 1-15 (n=16) Ar (n=4) M (n=3) A. alternata, common ragweed (n=1; 6.3%) (2) A. fumigatus (n=1; 6.3%) C. albicans, D. pteronyssinus (n=1; 6.3%) (2) D. farinae (n=1; 6.3%) - F (n=1) C. albicans, A. alternata (n=1; 6.3%) (2) Mugwort, common ragweed, alder (n=1; 6.3%) (3) Oak (n=1; 6.3%) Timothy grass, cultivated rye, olive (n=1; 6.3%) (3) Birch (n=1; 6.3%) NAr (n=12) M (n=9) A. alternata (n=2; 12.5%), A. fumigatus, C. albicans, cockroach (n=1; 6.3%) (3) C. albicans (n=3; 18.8%), cat dander, D. pteronyssinus, cockroach, camel dander (n=1; 6.3%) (4) D. pteronyssinus (n=2; 12.5%), D. farinae (n=1; 6.3%) D. farinae (n=4; 25.0%), D. pteronyssinus (n=2; 12.5%) D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus (n=3; 18.8%) F (n=3) Common ragweed, mugwort (n=1; 6.3%) (2) Olive, C. albicans, D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae (n=1; 6.3%) (4) Oak, common ragweed (n=1; 6.3%) (2) D. pteronyssinus (n=2; 12.5%), D. farinae, alder, cultivated rye, birch, A. alternata (n=1; 6.3%) (5) D. farinae (n=1; 6.3%) 16-30 (n=23) Ar (n=5) M (n=2) Cat dander (n=1; 4.3%) - D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae (n=1; 4.3%) (2) - Cat dander (n=1; 4.3%) F (n=3) Common ragweed (n=3; 13.0%) - Cat dander, dog dander (n=1; 4.3%) (2) Cat dander (n=1; 4.3%) D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae (n=1; 4.3%) (2) NAr (n=18) M (n=14) D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, cockroach (n=3; 13.0%) (3), olive, cultivated rye, mugwort, C. albicans (n=2; 8.7%) (4), birch, common ragweed, A. alternata, timothy grass, oak, camel dander, horse dander (n=1; 4.3%) (7) C. albicans (n=2; 8.7%), timothy grass, cultivated rye, common ragweed, cockroach, mugwort, D. pteronyssinus, alder (n=1; 4.3%) (7) Cat dander (n=2; 8.7%), D. pteronyssinus, cultivated rye, olive, A. alternata, birch, D. farinae, camel dander, dog dander (n=1; 4.3%) (8) D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae, cat dander, timothy grass, cultivated rye, cockroach, dog dander (n=1; 4.3%) (7) D. farinae (n=3; 13.0%) F (n=4) P. notatum, A. alternata (n=1; 4.3%) (2) Camel dander, (n=1; 4.3%) - Cat dander (n=1; 4.3%) D. pteronyssinus (n=2; 8.7%), D. farinae (n=1; 4.3%) 31-45 (n=22) Ar (n=11) M (n=7) Timothy grass (n=3; 13.6%), C. albicans, cultivated rye, cockroach, D. farinae, C. herbarium (n=1; 4.5%) (5) P. notatum, D. pteronyssinus (n=1; 4.5%) (2) D. farinae (n=1; 4.5%) D. pteronyssinus (n=3; 13.6%), D. farinae (n=1; 4.5%) D. pteronyssinus (n=1; 4.5%), D. farinae (n=3; 13.6%) F (n=4) Camel dander (n=2; 9.1%) - - - D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae (n=1; 4.5%) (2) NAr (n=11) M (n=8) C. albicans, A. alternata cockroach, D. pteronyssinus, olive, mag wort, oak, camel dander, C. herbarium, P. notatum (n=1; 4.5%) (10) A. fumigatus, common ragweed, olive, D. farinae, cat dander, alder (n=1; 4.5%) (6) Camel dander, cultivated rye (n=2; 9.1%) (2), cat dander, C. albicans, timothy grass (n=1; 4.5%) (3) D. pteronyssinus (n=2; 9.1%), D. farinae, birch, timothy grass (n=1; 4.5%) (3) D. farinae (n=3; 13.6%) F (n=3) A. alternata, D. pteronyssinus (n=1; 4.3%) (2) D. farinae (n=1; 4.5%) D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae cockroach (n=1; 4.5%) (3) - - 46-60 (n=5) Ar (n=2) F (n=2) D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae (n=1; 20.0%) (2) - - - Cockroach (n=1; 20.0%) NAr (n=3) M (n=3) Cockroach (n=2; 40.0%) D. pteronyssinus (n=1; 20.0%) Cat dander (n=1; 20.0%) D. farinae (n=2; 40.0%), cockroach (n=1; 20.0%) D. pteronyssinus (n=1; 20.0%) ≥61 (n=1) M (n=1) Ar (n=1) - Timothy grass, cultivated rye (n=1; 100%) - - - Values are presented as numbers and percentages (%). Concentration range classification: 1- very low antibody titer, frequently no clinical symptoms where sensitization is present; 2- low antibody titer, existing sensitization, frequently with clinical symptoms in the upper range of class; 3 - significant antibody titer, clinical symptoms usually present; 4 - high antibody titer, almost always with clinical symptoms; 5 - very high antibody titer and; 6 - very high antibody titer (≥100 kU/l). None of the serum samples did not have IgE antibodies more than ≥100 kU/l. n: number of samples, M: male, F: female, Ar: Arab, NAr: non-Arab
Allergen Gender Ethnicity Age groups (years) 1-15 16-30 31-45 46-60 ≥61 D. farinae M (n=31) Ar (n=8) 1 (2.4) 1 ((2.4) 6 (14.6) - - NAr (n=23) 8 (19.5) 8 (19.5) 5 (12.2) 2 (4.9) - F (n=10) Ar (n=3) - 1 (2.4) 1 (2.4) 1 (2.4) - NAr (n=7) 3 (7.3) 2 (4.9) 2 (4.9) - - D. pteronyssinus M (n=30) Ar (n=8) 1 (2.5) 1 (2.5) 6 (15.0) - - NAr (n=22) 8 (20.0) 7 (17.5) 5 (12.5) 2 (5.0) - F (n=10) Ar (n=3) - 1 (2.5) 1 (2.5) 1 (2.5) - NAr (n=7) 3 (7.5) 2 (5.0) 2 (5.0) - - A. alternata M (n=5) Ar (n=1) 1 (11.1) - - - - NAr (n=4) 1 (11.1) 2 (22.2) 1 (11.1) - - F (n=4) Ar (n=1) 1 (11.1) - - - - NAr (n=3) 1 (11.1) 1 (11.1) 1 (11.1) - - C. albicans M (n=11) Ar (n=2) 1 (7.7) - 1 (7.7) - - NAr (n=9) 3 (23.0) 4 (30.7) 2 (15.4) - - F (n=2) Ar (n=1) 1 (7.7) - - - - NAr (n=1) 1 (7.7) - - - - A. fumigatus M (n=3) Ar (n=1) 1 (33.3) - - - - NAr (n=2) 1 (33.3) - 1 (33.3) - - F (n=0) Ar (n=0) - - - - - NAr (n=0) - - - - - Common ragweed M (n=4) Ar (n=1) 1 (12.5) - - - - NAr (n=3) - 2 (5.0) 1 (12.5) - - F (n=4) Ar (n=2) 1 (12.5) 1 (12.5) - - - NAr (n=2) 2 (5.0) - - - - Timothy grass M (n=9) Ar (n=3) - - 2 (18.2) - 1 (9.1) NAr (n=6) - 4 (36.4) 2 (18.2) - - F (n=2) Ar (n=2) 1 (9.1) - 1 (9.1) - - NAr (n=0) - - - - - Cultivated rye M (n=10) Ar (n=3) - - 2 (16.6) - 1 (8.3) NAr (n=7) - 5 (41.7) 2 (16.6) - - F (n=2) Ar (n=1) 1 (8.3) - - - - NAr (n=1) 1 (8.3) - - - - Alder M (n=2) Ar (n=0) - - - - - NAr (n=2) - 1 (25.0) 1 (25.0) - - F (n=2) Ar (n=1) 1 (25.0) - - - - NAr (n=1) 1 (25.0) - - - - Mugwort M (n=3) Ar (n=0) - - - - - NAr (n=3) - 2 (40.0) 1 (20.0) - - F (n=2) Ar (n=1) 1 (20.0) - - - - NAr (n=1) 1 (20.0) - - - - Oak M (n=3) Ar (n=0) - - - - - NAr (n=3) - 2 (40.0) 1 (20.0) - - F (n=2) Ar (n=1) 1 (20.0) - - - - NAr (n=1) 1 (20.0) - - - - Birch M (n=3) Ar (n=0) - - - - - NAr (n=3) - 2 (40.0) 1 (20.0) - - F (n=2) Ar (n=1) 1 (20.0) - - - - NAr (n=1) 1 (20.0) - - - - Cat dander M (n=9) Ar (n=2) - 2 (16.6) - - - NAr (n=7) 1 (8.3) 3 (25.0) 2 (16.6) 1 (8.3) - F (n=3) Ar (n=2) - 2 (16.6) - - - NAr (n=1) - 1 (8.3) - - - Cockroach M (n=12) Ar (n=1) - - 1 (7.1) - - NAr (n=11) 2 (14.3) 5 (35.7) 1 (7.1) 3 (21.4) - F (n=2) Ar (n=1) - - - 1 (7.1) - NAr (n=1) - - 1 (7.1) - - Olive M (n=6) Ar (n=0) - - - - - NAr (n=6) - 4 (50.0) 2 (25.0) - - F (n=2) Ar (n=1) 1 (12.5) - - - - NAr (n=1) 1 (12.5) - - - - Camel dander M (n=6) Ar (n=0) - - - - - NAr (n=6) 1 (10.0) 2 (20.0) 3 (30.0) - - F (n=4) Ar (n=2) - - 2 (20.0) - - NAr (n=2) - 2 (20.0) - - - Dog dander M (n=2) Ar (n=0) - - - - - NAr (n=2) - 2 (66.6) - - - F (n=1) Ar (n=1) - 1 (33.3) - - - NAr (n=0) - - - - - Horse dander M (n=1) Ar (n=0) - - - - - NAr (n=1) - 1 (100) - - - F (n=0) Ar (n=0) - - - - - nAr (n=0) - - - - - P. notatum M (n=2) Ar (n=1) - - 1 (33.3) - - NAr (n=1) - - 1 (33.3) - - F (n=1) Ar (n=0) - - - - - NAr (n=1) - 1 (33.3) - - - C. herbarium M (n=2) Ar (n=1) - - 1 (50.0) - - NAr (n=1) - - 1 (50.0) - - F (n=0) Ar (n=0) - - - - - NAr (n=0) - - - - - Values are presented as numbers and percentages (%). M: male, F: female, Ar: Arab, NAr: non-Arab
- Table 4
- Prevalence of immunoglobulin E sensitization to various inhaled indoor and outdoor allergens according to the gender and ethnicity.
Allergens Prevalences (n=67) Males Females Arabs Non-Arabs P-values/ORs D. farinae 41 (61.2) 31 (46.3) 10 (14.9) 11 (16.4) 30 (44.8) 0.005/3.410 D. pteronyssinus 40 (59.7) 30 (44.8) 10 (14.9) 11 (16.4) 29 (43.3) 0.007/3.162 Cockroach 14 (20.8) 12 (17.9) 2 (3.0) 2 (3.0) 12 (17.9) 0.027/5.020 C. albicans 13 (19.4) 11 (16.4) 2 (3.0) 3 (4.5) 10 (14.9) 0.042/4.510 Cultivated rye 12 (17.9) 10 (14.9) 2 (3.0) 4 (6.0) 8 (11.9) 0.065/4.020 Cat dander 12 (17.9) 9 (13.4) 3 (4.5) 4 (6.0) 8 (11.9) 0.065/4.02 Timothy grass 11 (16.4) 9 (13.4) 2 (3.0) 5 (7.4) 6 (9.0) 0.099/3.548 Olive 8 (11.9) 6 (9.0) 2 (3.0) 1 (1.5) 7 (10.4) 0.328/2.236 Camel dander 10 (14.9) 6 (9.0) 4 (6.0) 2 (3.0) 88 (11.9) 0.928/1.064 A. alternata 9 (13.4) 5 (7.4) 4 (6.0) 2 (3.0) 7 (10.4) 0.843/0.871 Common ragweed 8 (11.9) 4 (6.0) 4 (6.0) 3 (4.5) 5 (7.4) 0.933/0.936 Mugwort 5 (7.4) 3 (4.5) 2 (2.9) 1 (1.5) 4 (6.0) 0.681/1.439 Oak 5 (7.4) 3 (4.5) 2 (3.0) 1 (1.5) 4 (6.0) 0.950/1.060 Birch 5 (7.5) 3 (4.5) 2 (3.0) 1 (1.5) 4 (6.0) 0.950/1.060 Alder 4 (6.0) 2 (3.0) 2 (3.0) 1 (1.5) 3 (4.5) 0.720/0.695 A. fumigatus 3 (4.5) 3 (4.5) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 2 (3.0) 0.498/2.172 Dog dander 3 (4.4) 2 (3.0) 1 (1.5) 1 (1.5) 2 (3.0) 0.231/0.967 P. notatum 3 (4.4) 2 (3.0) 1 (1.5) 1 (1.5) 2 (3.0) 0.775/1.424 C. herbarium 2 (3.0) 2 (3.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 1 (1.5) 0.231/0.967 Horse dander 1 (1.5) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.5) 0.399/0.984 Values are presented as numbers and percentages (%). OR: odd ratio
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