Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Gender differences in patient-reported outcomes and cardiac symptoms in patients with acute coronary syndrome in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Sultan Alosaimi, Abdullah Alqarni, Turki Alkalifah, Mansor Aldaijy, Nawaf Alghamdi, Abdulltaif Altalhah, Ambreen Kazi and Waleed Alharbi
Saudi Medical Journal April 2025, 46 (4) 388-397; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2025.46.20240735

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Tables

  • Table 1

    - Comparison of sociodemographic factors between male and female patients with acute coronary syndrome in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (N=240).

    VariablesTotalMalesFemalesP-value
    N=240 (%)n=146 (60.8%)n=94 (39.2%)
    Age in years    
    Mean (±Standard diviation)61.88±11.9259.48±11.5465.63±11.600.001
    <61112 (46.7)81 (55.5)31 (33)
    >61128 (53.3)65 (44.5)63 (67)
    Marital status    
    Married174132 (90.4)42 (44.7)0.000
    Single & divorced2111 (7.5)10 (10.6)
    Widow453 (2.1)42 (44.7)
    Educational level    
    Elementary8832 (21.9)56 (59.6)0.000
    Middle school3218 (12.3)14 (14.9)
    High school6043 (20.5)17 (18.1)
    College and above6053 (36.3)7 (7.4)
    Occupation    
    Worker6963 (43.2)6 (6.4)0.000
    Household627 (4.8)55 (58.5)
    Retired8167 (45.9)14 (14.9)
    Unemployed289 (6.2)19 (20.2)
    Family monthly income (Saudi Riyals)    
    <10K12661 (41.8)65 (69.1)0.000
    10k-20k8965 (44.5)24 (25.5)
    >20K2520 (13.7)5 (5.3)
  • Table 2

    - Comparison of patient related outcome scores and Angina symptom scores between male and female patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

    Quality of life scalesMaleFemaleMean differenceP-value
    Mean (±SD)Mean (±SD)(95% CI)
    GPH13.68 (±2.68)11.62 (±2.49)2.06 (1.38, 2.74)0.000
    GMH14.16 (±2.89)13.45 (±3.08)0.72 (-.05, 1.48)0.068
    Rose dyspnea scale1.55 (±1.51)2.61 (±1.41)-1.05 (-1.43, -0.67)0.000
    PHQ-21.68 (±1.49)2.03 (±1.66)-.35 (-.75, .06)0.094
    SAQ7- PL55.19 (±33.96)43.22 (±31.83)11.97 (2.05. 21.88)0.018
    SAQ7- AF85.07(±20.59)81.81 (±21.55)3.26 (-2.20, 8.72)0.241
    SAQ7- QoL67.64 (±25.49)61.17 (25.69)6.47 (-.19, 13.12)0.057
    SAQ7 – Summary70.47 (±19.95)65.40 (±21.26)5.07 (-.26, 10.40)0.062

    GPH: Global physical health, GMH: Global Mental Health, PHQ-2: Patient health questionnaire, SAQ7-PL: Seattle angina questionnaire physical limitation, SAQ7-AF: Seattle angina questionnaire angina frequency, SAQ7-QoL: Seattle angina questionnaire quality of life

    • Table 3

      - Simple linear regression analysis showing association between sociodemographic factors and the patient related outcomes and Angina symptoms in patients with Acute Coronary syndrome in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

      VariablesBeta coefficients with (95% CI)
      GPHGMHDyspnea scalePHQ-2SAQ7- PLSAQ7- AFSAQ7- QoLSAQ7 – Summary
      Gender
      Female vs Male      		-.36
      (-2.74, -1.38)      		-.12
      (-1.5, .05)      		.33
      (.67, 1.43)      		.11
      (-.06, .75)      		-.17
      (-21.88, -2.06)      		-.08
      (-8.72,2.20)      		-.12
      (-13.13, .19)      		-.12
      (-10.41, .26)
      Age-.20
      (-.08, -.02)      		-.05
      (.05, .02)      		.13
      (.00, .03)      		-.08
      (-.03, .01)      		-.17
      (-.72, .10)      		.06
      (-.11, .34)      		.11
      (-.03, .52)      		.10
      (-.05, .39)
      Social status
      Divorcee vs married      		-.04
      (-1.69, 0.82)      		-.10
      (-2.41, .26)      		.02
      (-.56, 0.84)      		.21
      (0.45, 1.83)      		-.001
      (-16.96, 16.83)      		-.01
      (-9.97, 8.96)      		-.05
      (-16.39, 6.77)      		-0.12
      (-10.53, 8.03)
      Widow vs married-.18
      (-2.16, -0.38)      		-.05
      (-1.37,0.57)      		0.27
      (0.59, 1.57)      		-.05
      (-.70, 0.32)      		-.09
      (-20.92, 4.41)      		-.13
      (-13.65, -0.6)      		-.05
      (-11.93, 4.84)      		-.08
      (-11.13, 2.26)
      Education.31
      (.42, .98)      		.16
      (.09, .71)      		-.36
      (-.62, -.32)      		-.08
      (-.27, .06)      		.14
      (-.14,7.82)      		.13
      (.09, 4.46)      		.12
      (-.10, 5.26)      		.12
      (-.16, 4.14)
      Occupation
      Retired vs Working Housewife      		-.03
      (-.87, .58)      		-.02
      (-.92, -.63)      		.04
      (.29, 0.52)      		-.17
      (-.93, -.13)      		-.06
      (-14.07, 5.43)      		-.02
      (-6.35, 4.54)      		.08
      (-2.28,11.02)      		-.001
      (-5.39, 5.29)
      Unemployed vs working-.18
      (-2.64, -.46)      		-.003
      (-1.21,1.15)      		.16
      (0.15, 1.38)      		.18
      (.28, 1.50)      		-.06
      (-23.38, 10.36)      		-.09
      (-14.60, 1.98)      		-.11
      (-19.16,1.13)      		-.07
      (-12.76,3.53)
      Income.22
      (.54, 1.93)      		.17
      (.26, 1.76)      		-.16
      (-.88, -.10)      		-.02
      (-.46, .34)      		-.05
      (-12.68, 6.47)      		.14
      (.51, 11.11)      		.18
      (2.79, 15.69)      		.09
      (-1.71, 8.76)

      1. Social status comprised of 3 levels: Married; Separated or divorced; Widow or widower. 2. Education comprised of 2 levels: High school and above; Elementary and High school. 3. Occupation comprised of 3 levels: Working; Household & retired; Unemployed, CI: confindecne interval, vs: versus, GPH: Global physical health, GMH: Global Mental Health, PHQ-2: Patient health questionnaire, SAQ7-PL: Seattle angina questionnaire physical limitation, SAQ7-AF: Seattle angina questionnaire angina frequency, SAQ7-QoL: Seattle angina questionnaire quality of life

      • Table 4

        - Multiple linear regression analysis showing association between sociodemographic factors and the patient related outcomes and Angina symptoms in patients with Acute Coronary syndrome in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

        VariablesStandardized beta coefficients (95% CI)
        GPH1GMH2Dyspnea scale3PHQ-24SAQ7- PL5SAQ7- AF6SAQ7- QoL7SAQ7 – Summary8
        Gender-.33
        (-2.42, -1.00)        		-.08
        (-1.30, .33)        		.30
        (.55, 1.37)        		.14
        (.004, .87)        		-.19
        (-23.68, -2.60)        		.03
        (-5.45, 8.09)        		-.12
        (-13.23, .72)        		-.14
        (-11.34, -.04)
        Age-.11
        (-.06, .003)        		-.05
        (-.05, .02)        		.05
        (-.01, .02)        		-.13
        (-.03,.002)        		-.06
        (-.62, .25)        		.19
        (.07, .59)        		.17
        (.07, .65)        		.16
        (.05, .52)
        Monthly Family Income.13
        (.02, 1.40)        		.16
        (.18, 1.75)        		-.07
        (-.62, .17)        		.008
        (-.39, .44)        		-.16
        (-17.77, 2.21)        		.06
        (-.36, 8.54)        		.18
        (1.87, 15.30)        		.06
        (-3.12, 7.76)

        Adjusted Rsquare for GPH1 GMH2 RDS3 PHQ4 SAQ-PL6 SAQ-AF6 SAQ-QoL7 SAQ-summary scores8 were 15%, 3%, 16%, 5%, 5.5%, 4%, 6% and 5% respectively. GPH: Global physical health, GMH: Global Mental Health, PHQ-2: Patient health questionnaire, SAQ7-PL: Seattle angina questionnaire physical limitation, SAQ7-AF: Seattle angina questionnaire angina frequency, SAQ7-QoL: Seattle angina questionnaire quality of life, CI: confidence interval

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