Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
- Distribution of the number of patients with confirmed acute pancreatitis according to diagnostic tests. CT: computed tomography, US: ultrasound
Tables
- Table 1
- Comparison of demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables between patients with and without acute pancreatitis.
Variable Total patients (N=1082) Pancreatitis (n=68) Non-pancreatitis (n=1014) P-value Age, (mean, SD) years 46.0 (16.9) 67, 46.2 (16.1) 843, 45.2 (16.9) 0.779 Male 564 (52.1%) 49 (72.1%) 515 (50.8%) <0.05 Female 518 (47.9%) 19 (27.9%) 499 (49.2%) Diabetes mellitus 243 (26.9%) 18 (26.9%) 225 (22.2%) 0.993 Hypertension 214 (23.8%) 16 (23.9%) 198 (23.8%) 0.988 Chronic heart disease 50 (5.5%) 3 (4.5%) 47 (5.6%) 0.713 Ischemic heart disease 58 (6.5%) 3 (4.5%) 55 (6.6%) 0.493 Chronic renal disease 57 (6.3%) 3 (4.5%) 54 (6.5%) 0.777 Hyperlipidemia 103 (11.5%) 8 (12.3%) 95 (11.4%) 0.829 Alcohol consumption 12 (1.2%) 6 (9.8%) 6 (0.6%) <0.05 GLP-1 agonist medicines 25 (2.3%) 1 (1.5%) 24 (2.4%) 0.634 Covid-19 11 (1.6%) 1 (2.2%) 10 (1.5%) 0.710 BMI, (mean, SD), (n=157) 29.0 (6.6) (29.8, 6.7) (28.9, 6.5) 0.745 Temperature of <36°C or >38°C 68 (6.3%) 4 (15.4%) 64 (6.1%) 0.053 Pulse rate of >109 beats/min 58 (5.4%) 4 (5.90%) 54 (5.3%) 0.847 Required narcotic analgesia 118 (13.2%) 13 (19.4%) 105 (12.7%) 0.116 Epigastric tenderness 583 (67.8%) 50 (78.1%) 533 (67.0%) 0.066 Vomiting 444 (49.5%) 34 (50.7%) 410 (49.4%) 0.832 Required ≥ 2 antiemetic’s 58 (6.5%) 3 (4.5%) 55 (6.6%) 0.494 Abdominal guarding or rigidity 29 (3.3%) 2 (3.0%) 27 (3.3%) 0.876 Rebound tenderness 44 (5.0%) 3 (4.5%) 41 (5.1%) 0.830 Lipase level N, (mean, SD) 1082, (123.5, 42.6) 68, (156.0, 46.4) (121.4, 41.4) <0.05 Amylase level N, (mean, SD) 237, (99.3, 43.4) 29, (100.0, 51.5) 208, (99.2, 42) 0.925 Gallbladder stone (228, 21.1%) (15, 22.1%) (213, 21.0%) 0.387 Blood glucose (mean, SD) 68, (150.7, 132.7) 4 (90.4, 101.7) 64, (154.4, 134) 0.353 Ph of <7.35 51 (33.8%) 3 (20.0%) 48 (35.3%) 0.235 WBC N, (mean, SD) 1041, (8.5, 3.5) 66, (10.1, 4.4) 975, (8.3, 3.4) <0.05 WBC of <3 or >14.9 mm3 57 (5.3%) 9 (13.2%) 48 (4.7%) <0.05 AST IU/L N, (mean, SD) 929, (30.2, 32.9) 61, (33.5, 39.9) 868, (30.0, 34.2) 0.429 ALT IU/L N, (mean, SD) 883, (31.6, 39.1) 58, (43.5, 78.4) 825, (30.8, 34.7) <0.05 LDH U/LN, (mean, SD) 13, (200.3, 65.7) 2, (171.0, 69.3) 11, (205.6, 67.0) 0.516 Calcium N, (mean, SD) 121, (1.4, 0.7) 20, (1.5, 0.5) 101, (1.4, 0.6) 0.387 Hematocrit of <30% or >45.9% 309 (28.6%) 21 (30.9%) 288 (28.4%) 0.661 Urea of >8.92 mmol/L 92 (10.7%) 1 (1.9%) 91 (11.3%) <0.05 Hospital admission 393 (36.5%) 55 (80.9%) 338 (33.5%) <0.05 Required ICU admission 64 (6.0%) 8 (11.8%) 56 (5.6%) <0.05 Mortality 2 (0.2%) 1, (1.5%) 1 (0.1%) <0.05 SD: standard division, BMI: body mass index, WBC: white blood cells, AST: aspartate transaminase ALT: alanine transaminase LDH: alkaline phosphatase, ICU: intensive care unit
Variable Crude OR (95% CI) P-value Adjusted OR (95% CI) P-value Age (continues) 1.002 (0.987–1.017) 0.779 1.002 (0.987–1.016) 0.868 Age (≥60), years 0.953 (0.517–1.756) 0.876 0.791 (0.288–2.170) 0.649 Male 2.499 (1.451–4.304) <0.05 2.500 (1.451–4.308) <0.05 Alcohol consumption 17.956 (5.310-60.720) <0.05 13.267(3.86–45.575) <0.05 COVID-19 1.801 (0.217–14.974) 0.586 1.836 (0.216–15.57) 0.578 BMI kg/m2 (continues) 1.02 (0.917–1.135) 0.712 1.027 (0.918–1.149) 0.638 BMI of >30 kg/m2 0.744 (0.179–3.089) 0.684 0.702 (0.165–2.984) 0.632 Vomiting 1.055 (0.641-1.736) 0.832 1.116 (0.675-1.846) 0.669 Epigastric tenderness 1.762 (0.957-3.246) 0.069 1.812 (0.981-3.349) 0.058 Temperature (continues) 1.028 (0.912–1.160) 0.647 1.023 (0.908–1.154) 0.707 Temperature of <36°C or >38°C 2.005 (0.582–6.909) 0.271 2.064 (0.591–7.208) 0.256 Pulse rate of >109 beats/min 1.109 (0.389–3.158) 0.847 1.131 (0.394–3.243) 0.819 Lipase IU/L (continues) 1.014 (1.009–1.020) <0.05 1.015 (1.009–1.02) <0.05 Amylase level U/L (continues) 0.999 (0.990–1.008) 0.891 1.0 (0.991–1.009) 0.942 Gallbladder stone 0.678 (0.389–1.184) 0.172 0.694 (0.396–1.215) 0.201 Glucose mg/dL(continues) 0.995 (0.985–1.005) 0.352 0.995 (0.985–1.004) 0.295 Glucose of >200 mg/dL 0.032 (0.004–0.243) <0.05 0.021 (0.003–0.174) <0.05 PH of <7.35 0.458 (0.123–1.704) 0.244 0.441 (0.119–1.630) 0.220 WBC109/L (continues) 1.116 (1.055–1.180) <0.05 1.103 (1.042–1.168) <0.05 WB (<3or>14.9 109/L) 3.070 (1.437–6.557) <0.05 2.887 (1.340–6.222) <0.05 AST of >100 IU/L 1.002 (0.995–1.008) 0.641 1.003 (0.995–1.008) 0.610 ALT IU/L (continues) 1.004 (1.0–1.009) 0.054 1.004 (0.999–1.009) 0.106 Calcium of <8 g/dL 1.141 (0.484–2.691) 0.764 1.047 (0.423–2.592) 0.921 Bicarbonate<21mEq/L 0.135 (0.170–0.271) 0.135 0.477 (0.173–1.315) 0.153 Hematocrit of <30% or >45.9% 1.126(0.661–1.918) 0.661 0.788 (0.447–1.390) 0.411 Urea mmol/L (continues) 0.857 (0.751–0.978) <0.05 0.758 (0.637–0.902) <0.05 Urea of >8.92 mmol/L 0.148 (0.020–1.086) 0.06 0.112 (0.015–0.856) <0.05 Pleural effusion 2.213 (0.729–6.714) 0.161 2.334 (0.732–7.443) 0.152 AP: acute pancreatitis, CI: confidence interval, OR: odds ratio, BMI: body mass index, WBC: white blood cells, COVID: coronavirus disease, AST: aspartate transaminase ALT: alanine transaminase LDH: alkaline phosphatase, ICU: intensive care unit
- Table 3
- Predictor of mortality or ICU admission within 72 hr among acute pancreatitis cases.
Variable Total patients (N=68) No mortality or requirement of ICU (n=59) Mortality or ICU admission (n=9) P-value Age (mean, SD) 68 (46.1, 16.0) 59(45.7,16.7) 9 (48.8, 10.1) 0.589 Male 49 (72.1%) 41 (69.5%) 8 (88.5%) 0.227 Female 19 (27.9%) 18 (30.5%) 1 (11.1%) Diabetes mellitus 18 (26.5%) 15 (25.4%) 3 (33.5) 0.616 Hypertension 16 (23.5%) 12 (20.3%) 4 (44.4.0%) 0.112 Chronic heart disease 3 (4.5%) 1 (1.7%) 2 (22.2%) <0.05 Ischemic heart disease 3 (4.4%) 2 (3.4%) 1 (11.1%) 0.293 Chronic renal disease 3 (4.4%) 2 (3.4%) 1 (11.1%) 0.293 Hyperlipidemia 8 (12.1%) 7 (12.3%) 1 (11.1%) 0.920 Alcohol consumption 6 (9.8%) 5 (9.6%) 1 (11.1%) 0.889 Gallbladder stone 15 (22.1%) 13 (22.0%) 2 (22.2%) 0.796 BMI (mean,+SD) (29.8+6.7) 7 (28.1+5.0) 1 (41.8+0.1) 0.041 BMI of >30 kg/m2 4 (50.0%) 3 (42.9%) 1 (100.0) 0.285 Pulse rate >109 beats/min 4 (5.9%) 2 (3.4%) 2 (22.2%) <0.05 Systolic blood pressure mmHg (mean, SD) 66(137.0+21.2) 57(135.2+19.5) 9 (148.1+28.6) 0.090 Temperature of >38°C 4 (5.9%) 2 (3.4%) 2 (22.2%) <0.05 Required narcotic analgesia 13 (19.1%) 12 (20.3%) 1 (11.1%) 0.512 Required two or more antiemetics 3 (4.4%) 3 (5.1%) 0 (0%) 0.489 Abdominal guarding or rigidity 2 (2.9%) 2 (3.4%) 0 (0%) 0.575 Lipase level IU/L(Mean, SD) 68(156.1,46.4) 59(153.0,47.0) 9 (175.6, 39.2) 0.177 Amylase level U/L (Mean, SD) 29 (100.0, 51.5) 24 (97.8, 51.7) 5 (110.6, 55.0) 0.622 Rebound tenderness 3 (4.5%) 3 (5.1%) 0 (0%) 0.514 PH of <7.35 6 (31.6%) 4 (25.0%) 2 (66.7%) 0.154 WBC 109/L (mean, SD) 66 (10.0, 4.4) 58 (9.8, 4.1) 8 (11.5, 6.2) 0.317 WBC 109/L (<3.0 or >14.9) 7 (10.3%) 5 (8.5%) 2 (22.2%) 0.206 AST IU/L (Mean, SD) 61(33.4,39.9) 54(31.3,38.5) 7 (50.1, 49.7) 0.244 AST of >100 IU/L 3 (4.4%) 2 (3.4%) 1 (11.1%) 0.293 ALT IU/L (mean, SD) 58 (43.5, 78.4) 52(37.0,61.0) 6 (99.9, 166.9) 0.063 Calcium of <8 g/dL 20 (29.4%) 17 (28.8%) 3 (33.3%) 0.782 Bicarbonate of <21mEq/L 5 (7.4%) 5 (8.5%) 0 (0.0%) 0.364 Hematocrit of <30% or >45.9% 21 (30.9%) 18 (30.5%) 3 (33.3%) 0.864 Urea mmol/L (Mean, SD) (4.2, 1.9) 46 (4.1, 2.0) 8 (4.8, 1.5) 0.374 Urea (>8.92) mmol/L 1 (1.5%) 1 (1.7%) 0 (0.0) 0.694 Pleural effusion 4 (7.8%) 3 (6.8%) 1 (14.3%) 0.495 ICU: intensive care unit, SD: standard division, BMI: body mass index, WBC: white blood cells, AST: aspartate transaminase ALT: alanine transaminase LDH: alkaline phosphatase, ICU: intensive care unit
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