Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
- The flow chart of the datasets and models are used in the study. FBDOs: foodborne disease outbreaks, SA: Saudi Arabia
- Figure 2
- Plots of foodborne disease outbreaks outcomes profiles through 2017-2023 in Saudi Arabia. FBDOS: foodborne disease outbreaks, SE: standard error
Tables
- Table 1
- The descriptives statistics for the outcomes of foodborne disease outbreaks through 2017-2023.
Variables 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Counts of FBDOs Public source 14.69±15.48 14±15.81 10.69±12.74 6±4.9 8.08±6.76 9.31±5.57 15.31±23.02 Home source 15.08±12.66 14.67±11.46 10.77±9.68 4.31±3.33 5.92±3.84 4.23±3.39 7.46±5.98 Counts of FBDOs cases Public source 163.77±252.14 97.15±111.89 93.23±114.49 78.38±88.97 60.85±67.1 72.85±61.95 110.62±134.68 Home source 77.77±68.33 77.33±58.56 53.31±45.96 19.31±15.56 26.54±15.7 18.54±13.54 34.85±27.18 Counts of FBDOs cases based on gender Male 114.15±133.07 88.38±88.64 68.46±69.45 56.92±58.43 43.31±46.32 48.38±35.93 79.92±83.6 Female 127.38±150.21 80.15±70.72 78.08±68.85 40.77±41.44 44.08±38.62 43±29.6 65.54±76.15 Counts of FBDOs cases based on nationality SA 168±145.12 125.38±90.77 112.15±113.34 83.38±80.77 73.69±69.25 67.69±47.62 105.08±135.61 Non-SA 73.54±148.26 43.15±81.57 34.38±53.14 14.31±16.24 13.69±17 23.69±32.67 40.38±62.52 Counts of FBDOs cases based on age <1 years 0.92±1.26 1.23±1.36 0.38±0.51 0.15±0.38 0.69±0.95 0.15±0.55 0.62±1.12 1-4 years 18.77±12.83 19.31±17.43 13±9.64 7.62±6.34 9.77±6.55 6.85±5.61 7.85±7.71 5-19 years 99.54±84.32 67.85±49.61 62±55.99 36.31±29.13 41.38±32.87 38.54±28.64 53.15±61.39 20-49 years 104.46±151.93 67.15±74.03 66.77±74.37 50.62±65.56 32±39.51 39.46±28.7 72.92±85.5 50+ years 17.85±44.77 13±31.57 4.38±5.24 3±4.16 3.54±4.14 6.38±14.21 10.92±16.73 Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). FBDOs: foodborne disease outbreaks, SA: Saudi Arabian
- Table 2
- The generalized estimating equations models, the parameters estimation, p-values and relative risks used in the study.
Variables b±SE P-values Relative risks Y=counts of FBDOs, model 1 Intercept 2.858±0.258 <0.0001† 17.427 Ref=public - - - Source=home -0.29±0.23 0.207 0.749 Ref=2017 - - - Year=2018 -0.061±0.085 0.473 0.941 Year=2019 -0.33±0.1 0.0009† 0.719 Year=2020 -1.083±0.137 <0.0001† 0.339 Year=2021 -0.776±0.202 0.0001† 0.461 Year=2022 -0.836±0.112 <0.0001† 0.434 Year=2023 -0.315±0.249 0.206 0.73 Y=counts of FBDOs cases, model 2 Intercept 5.181±0.294 <0.0001† 177.772 Ref=public - - - Source=home -0.901±0.172 <0.0001† 0.407 Ref=2017 - - - Year=2018 -0.236±0.142 0.0966* 0.791 Year=2019 -0.46±0.18 0.0104** 0.632 Year=2020 -1.034±0.278 0.0002† 0.356 Year=2021 -1.036±0.276 0.0002† 0.356 Year=2022 -1.095±0.22 <0.0001† 0.335 Year=2023 -0.592±0.228 0.0093† 0.554 Y=Counts of FBDOs cases based on gender, model 3 Intercept 4.832±0.303 <0.0001† 125.349 Ref=male - - - Gender=female -0.07±0.05 0.1615 0.933 Ref=2017 - - - Year=2018 -0.364±0.175 0.0374** 0.696 Year=2019 -0.5±0.253 0.0482** 0.607 Year=2020 -0.913±0.367 0.0128** 0.402 Year=2021 -1.019±0.367 0.0055** 0.362 Year=2022 -0.976±0.273 0.0003† 0.377 Year=2023 -0.513±0.261 0.0491** 0.6 Y=counts of FBDOs cases based on nationality, model 4 Intercept 4.124±0.539 <0.0001† 61.788 Ref=non-SA - - - Nationality=SA 1.214±0.315 0.0001† 3.366 Ref=2017 - - - Year=2018 -0.429±0.182 0.0181** 0.652 Year=2019 -0.6±0.252 0.0172** 0.549 Year=2020 -1.146±0.425 0.0069** 0.318 Year=2021 -1.24±0.448 0.0056** 0.29 Year=2022 -1.037±0.272 0.0001† 0.355 Year=2023 -0.545±0.186 0.0033† 0.58 Y=counts of FBDOs cases based on age (years), model 5 Intercept 0.065±0.238 0.7871 1DF.067 Ref= age <1 - - - Age=1-4 3.014±0.113 <0.0001† 20.369 Age=5-19 4.591±0.115 <0.0001† 98.515 Age=20-49 4.68±0.157 <0.0001† 107.749 Age=50+ 2.598±0.437 <0.0001† 13.433 Ref=2017 - - - Year=2018 -0.202±0.155 0.1929 0.818 Year=2019 -0.649±0.28 0.0204** 0.523 Year=2020 -1.089±0.339 0.0013† 0.337 Year=2021 -0.98±0.36 0.0065† 0.376 Year=2022 -1.022±0.214 <0.0001† 0.36 Year=2023 -0.544±0.228 0.0169** 0.581 - Table 3
- The generalized linear mixed models, the parameters estimation, p-values and relative risks used in the study.
Variables b±SE P-values Relative risks Y=counts of FBDOs, model 1 Intercept 2.572±0.214 <0.0001† 13.089 Ref=public - - - Source=home -0.198±0.092 0.0311** 0.821 Ref=2017 - - - Year=2018 -0.058±0.156 0.7133 0.945 Year=2019 -0.355±0.158 0.0259** 0.702 Year=2020 -1.015±0.172 <0.0001† 0.363 Year=2021 -0.678±0.166 <0.0001† 0.508 Year=2022 -0.727±0.166 <0.0001† 0.484 Year=2023 -0.321±0.159 0.045** 0.726 Y=counts of FBDOs cases, model 2 Intercept 4.9±0.235 <0.0001† 134.25 Ref=public - - - Source=home -0.777±0.121 <0.0001† 0.461 Ref=2017 - - - Year=2018 -0.262±0.216 0.2253 0.77 Year=2019 -0.474±0.214 0.0283** 0.624 Year=2020 -0.939±0.222 <0.0001† 0.392 Year=2021 -0.949±0.218 <0.0001† 0.388 Year=2022 -0.916±0.219 <0.0001† 0.401 Year=2023 -0.615±0.215 0.0048† 0.541 Y=counts of FBDOs cases based on gender, model 3 Intercept 4.597±0.232 <0.0001† 99.107 Ref=male - - - Gender=female -0.062±0.097 0.5297 0.941 Ref=2017 - - - Year=2018 -0.424±0.182 0.0205** 0.655 Year=2019 -0.547±0.183 0.0032† 0.58 Year=2020 -0.843±0.191 <0.0001† 0.431 Year=2021 -0.944±0.187 <0.0001† 0.39 Year=2022 -0.813±0.187 <0.0001† 0.444 Year=2023 -0.598±0.184 0.0013† 0.551 Y=counts of FBDOs cases based on nationality, model 4 Intercept 3.469±0.297 <0.0001† 32.079 Ref=non-SA - - - Nationality=SA 1.657±0.144 <0.0001† 5.24 Ref=2017 - - - Year=2018 -0.483±0.248 0.0525* 0.618 Year=2019 -0.539±0.249 0.0319** 0.584 Year=2020 -0.888±0.262 0.0009† 0.412 Year=2021 -1.02±0.257 0.0001† 0.361 Year=2022 -0.798±0.255 0.0021† 0.451 Year=2023 -0.44±0.249 0.0795* 0.645 Y=counts of FBDOs cases based on age (years), model 5 Intercept -0.248±0.272 0.3809 0.781 Ref= age <1 - - - Age=1-4 3.094±0.19 <0.0001† 22.061 Age=5-19 4.664±0.187 <0.0001† 106.06 Age=20-49 4.596±0.186 <0.0001† 98.999 Age=50+ 2.329±0.192 <0.0001† 10.266 Ref=2017 - - - Year=2018 -0.279±0.151 0.0640* 0.757 Year=2019 -0.569±0.153 0.0002† 0.567 Year=2020 -0.876±0.158 <0.0001† 0.417 Year=2021 -0.842±0.157 <0.0001† 0.432 Year=2022 -0.844±0.155 <0.0001† 0.431 Year=2023 -0.498±0.153 0.0012† 0.608
In this issue
Jump to section
Related Articles
Cited By...
- No citing articles found.