Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Routine laboratory parameters predict serious outcome as well as length of hospital stay in COVID-19

Mohammed A. Jeraiby, Majed I. Hakamy, Mohammed B. Albarqi, Rehab I. Areda, Moayad A. Haddad and Johar Iqbal
Saudi Medical Journal November 2021, 42 (11) 1165-1172; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2021.42.11.20210429

References

  1. 1.↵
    WHO. WHO coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard [Internet]. 2021 [Accessed 01 Feb 2021]. Available from: https://covid19.who.int/
  2. 2.↵
    1. Deng Y,
    2. Liu W,
    3. Liu K,
    4. Fang YY,
    5. Shang J,
    6. Zhou L, et al.
    Clinical characteristics of fatal and recovered cases of coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133: 1261–1267.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  3. 3.↵
    1. Wu Z,
    2. McGoogan JM.
    Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese center for disease control and prevention. JAMA 2020; 323: 1239–1242.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  4. 4.↵
    1. Mehta P,
    2. McAuley DF,
    3. Brown M,
    4. Sanchez E,
    5. Tattersall RS,
    6. Manson JJ.
    COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet 2020; 395: 1033–1034.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  5. 5.↵
    1. Liu X,
    2. Zhou H,
    3. Zhou Y,
    4. Wu X,
    5. Zhao Y,
    6. Lu Y, et al.
    Risk factors associated with disease severity and length of hospital stay in COVID-19 patients. J Infect 2020; 81: e95–e97.
    OpenUrl
  6. 6.↵
    1. Hassan M,
    2. Tuckman HP,
    3. Patrick RH,
    4. Kountz DS,
    5. Kohn JL.
    Hospital length of stay and probability of acquiring infection. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 2010; 4: 324–338.
    OpenUrl
  7. 7.↵
    1. Ellinghaus D,
    2. Degenhardt F,
    3. Bujanda L,
    4. Buti M,
    5. Albillos A,
    6. Sacchi N, et al.
    Genomewide association study of severe covid-19 with respiratory failure. N Engl J Med 2020; 383: 1522–1534.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  8. 8.
    1. Morens DM,
    2. Fauci AS.
    Emerging pandemic diseases: how we got to COVID-19. Cell 2020; 182: 1077–1092.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  9. 9.↵
    1. Foy BH,
    2. Carlson JCT,
    3. Reinertsen E,
    4. Padros I Valls R,
    5. Pallares Lopez R,
    6. Palanques-Tost E, et al.
    Association of red blood cell distribution width with mortality risk in hospitalized adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3: e2022058.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  10. 10.↵
    1. Wang L.
    C-reactive protein levels in the early stage of COVID-19. Med Mal Infect 2020; 50: 332–334.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  11. 11.↵
    1. Liu Y,
    2. Du X,
    3. Chen J,
    4. Jin Y,
    5. Peng L,
    6. Wang HHX, et al.
    Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as an independent risk factor for mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. J Infect 2020; 81: e6–e12.
    OpenUrl
  12. 12.↵
    1. Yeh HC,
    2. Lo YC,
    3. Ting IW,
    4. Chu PL,
    5. Chang SN,
    6. Chiang HY, et al.
    24-hour serum creatinine variation associates with short- and long-term all-cause mortality: a real-world insight into early detection of acute kidney injury. Sci Rep 2020; 10: 6552.
    OpenUrl
  13. 13.↵
    1. Huang YL,
    2. Hu ZD.
    Lower mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is associated with poorer outcomes in intensive care unit admitted patients with acute myocardial infarction. Ann Transl Med 2016; 4: 190.
    OpenUrl
  14. 14.↵
    1. Tamhane UU,
    2. Aneja S,
    3. Montgomery D,
    4. Rogers EK,
    5. Eagle KA,
    6. Gurm HS.
    Association between admission neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2008; 102: 653–657.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  15. 15.↵
    1. Horne BD,
    2. Anderson JL,
    3. John JM,
    4. Weaver A,
    5. Bair TL,
    6. Jensen KR, et al.
    Which white blood cell subtypes predict increased cardiovascular risk? J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45: 1638–1643.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  16. 16.↵
    1. Lattanzi S,
    2. Cagnetti C,
    3. Provinciali L,
    4. Silvestrini M.
    Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and neurological deterioration following acute cerebral hemorrhage. Oncotarget 2017; 8: 57489–57494.
    OpenUrl
  17. 17.↵
    1. Di Napoli M,
    2. Slevin M,
    3. Popa-Wagner A,
    4. Singh P,
    5. Lattanzi S,
    6. Divani AA.
    Monomeric c-reactive protein and cerebral hemorrhage: from bench to bedside. Front Immunol 2018; 9: 1921.
    OpenUrl
  18. 18.↵
    1. Świtońska M,
    2. Piekuś-Słomka N,
    3. Słomka A,
    4. Sokal P,
    5. Żekanowska E,
    6. Lattanzi S.
    Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation in ischemic stroke patients undergoing revascularization. Brain Sci 2020; 10: 771.
    OpenUrl
  19. 19.↵
    1. Xu JH,
    2. He XW,
    3. Li Q,
    4. Liu JR,
    5. Zhuang MT,
    6. Huang FF, et al.
    Higher platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with worse outcomes after intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke. Front Neurol 2019; 10: 1192.
    OpenUrl
  20. 20.↵
    1. de Jager CP,
    2. van Wijk PT,
    3. Mathoera RB,
    4. de Jongh-Leuvenink J,
    5. van der Poll T,
    6. Wever PC.
    Lymphocytopenia and neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio predict bacteremia better than conventional infection markers in an emergency care unit. Crit Care 2010; 14: R192.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  21. 21.↵
    1. Gao Y,
    2. Li T,
    3. Han M,
    4. Li X,
    5. Wu D,
    6. Xu Y, et al.
    Diagnostic utility of clinical laboratory data determinations for patients with the severe COVID-19. J Med Virol 2020; 92: 791–796.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  22. 22.↵
    1. Wang C,
    2. Deng R,
    3. Gou L,
    4. Fu Z,
    5. Zhang X,
    6. Shao F, et al.
    Preliminary study to identify severe from moderate cases of COVID-19 using combined hematology parameters. Ann Transl Med 2020; 8: 593.
    OpenUrl
  23. 23.↵
    1. Peng J,
    2. Qi D,
    3. Yuan G,
    4. Deng X,
    5. Mei Y,
    6. Feng L, et al.
    Diagnostic value of peripheral hematologic markers for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a multicenter, cross-sectional study. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34: e23475.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  24. 24.↵
    1. Ma A,
    2. Cheng J,
    3. Yang J,
    4. Dong M,
    5. Liao X,
    6. Kang Y.
    Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictive biomarker for moderate-severe ARDS in severe COVID-19 patients. Crit Care 2020; 24: 288.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  25. 25.↵
    1. Tan L,
    2. Wang Q,
    3. Zhang D,
    4. Ding J,
    5. Huang Q,
    6. Tang YQ, et al.
    Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5: 33.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  26. 26.↵
    1. Manson JJ,
    2. Crooks C,
    3. Naja M,
    4. Ledlie A,
    5. Goulden B,
    6. Liddle T, et al.
    COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation and escalation of patient care: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Rheumatol 2020; 2: e594–e602.
    OpenUrl
  27. 27.↵
    1. Xu JB,
    2. Xu C,
    3. Zhang RB,
    4. Wu M,
    5. Pan CK,
    6. Li XJ, et al.
    Associations of procalcitonin, c-reaction protein and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in China. Sci Rep 2020; 10: 15058.
    OpenUrl
  28. 28.↵
    1. Karaman S,
    2. Coskun A.
    Do MCHC, MPV, and procalcitonin levels determine prognosis in acute coronary syndrome? Emerg Med Int 2019; 2019: 6721279.
    OpenUrl
  29. 29.↵
    1. Pan Y,
    2. Ye G,
    3. Zeng X,
    4. Liu G,
    5. Zeng X,
    6. Jiang X, et al.
    Can routine laboratory tests discriminate SARS-CoV-2-infected pneumonia from other causes of community-acquired pneumonia? Clin Transl Med 2020; 10: 161–168.
    OpenUrl
  30. 30.↵
    1. Thomas T,
    2. Stefanoni D,
    3. Dzieciatkowska M,
    4. Issaian A,
    5. Nemkov T,
    6. Hill RC, et al.
    Evidence of structural protein damage and membrane lipid remodeling in red blood cells from COVID-19 patients. J Proteome Res 2020; 19: 4455–4469.
    OpenUrl
  31. 31.↵
    1. Reva I,
    2. Yamamoto T,
    3. Rasskazova M,
    4. Lemeshko T,
    5. Usov V,
    6. Krasnikov Y, et al.
    Erythrocytes as a target of SARS-CoV-2 in pathogenesis of COVID-19 [Internet]. Archiv Euromedica; 2020. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35630/2199-885X/2020/10/3.1
  32. 32.↵
    1. Tang Y,
    2. Huang XR,
    3. Lv J,
    4. Chung AC,
    5. Zhang Y,
    6. Chen JZ, et al.
    C-reactive protein promotes acute kidney injury by impairing G1/S-dependent tubular epithelium cell regeneration. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 126: 645–659.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  33. 33.↵
    1. Ørn S,
    2. Manhenke C,
    3. Ueland T,
    4. Damås JK,
    5. Mollnes TE,
    6. Edvardsen T, et al.
    C-reactive protein, infarct size, microvascular obstruction, and left-ventricular remodelling following acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2009; 30: 1180–1186.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
Back to top

In this issue

Print
Download PDF
Email Article
Citation Tools
Bookmark this article

Jump to section

Keywords