Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
- Flowchart illustrating the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
- Figure 2
- Illustrate the mortality rate among both groups for sepsis and severe sepsis patients.
Tables
- Table 1
- Characteristics of septic patients who received antibiotics within one hour versus those who received antibiotics between one and 3 hours.
Characteristics Overall N=292 Within 1 hour n=250 Between 1 and 3 hours n=42 P-value Mean age, years (±SD) 56.3 (23.6) 55.3 (23.8) 61.2 (22.2) 0.1754 SBP <90 mmHg 65 (22.3) 58 (23.2) 7 (16.7) 0.9804 Vasopressor use 39 (13.4) 34 (13.6) 5 (11.9) 0.0893 Laboratory Creatinine, mean (±SD) 186.1 (224.1) 193.0 (233.8) 144.8 (148.5) 0.1593 First lactate value, mmol/L, mean (±SD) 3.4 (2.7) 3.5 (2.7) 3.0 (2.5) 0.2937 Leucocytosis (WBC >11) or leukopenia (<4) 161 (55.1) 142 (56.8) 19 (45.2) 0.1633 Hospital mortality 93 (31.8) 79 (31.6) 14 (33.3) 0.8230 Any comorbidities 145 (49.6) 123 (49.2) 22 (52.4) 0.7028 Diabetes mellitus 87 (29.8) 86 (34.4) 1 (2.4) <0.0001 Hypertension 101 (34.6) 99 (39.6) 2 (4.8) <0.0001 Congestive heart failure 12 (4.1) 7 (2.8) 5 (11.0) 0.0059 Kidney failure 21 (7.2) 19 (7.6) 2 (4.8) 0.5100 Oncology 19 (6.5) 14 (5.6) 5 (11.9) 0.1253 Source of infection Pneumonia empyema 108 (37.0) 106 (42.4) 2 (4.8) <0.0001 Urinary tract infection 29 (9.9) 23 (9.2) 6 (14.3) 0.3079 Acute abdominal infection 8 (2.7) 7 (2.8) 1(2.4) 0.8776 Meningitis 14 (4.8) 8 (3.2) 6 (14.3) 0.0019 Skin/soft tissue infection 32 (11) 26 (10.4) 6 (14.3) 0.4557 Bone/joint infection 7 (2.4) 1 (0.4) 6 (14.3) <0.0001 Wound infection 7 (2.4) 1 (0.4) 6 (14.3) <0.0001 Blood stream catheter infection 7 (2.4) 1 (0.4) 6 (14.3) <0.0001 Values are presented as number and percentages (%). WBC: white blood cells, SBP: systolic blood pressure, SD: standard deviation
- Table 2
- Type of antibiotic used in patients within one hour versus those who received antibiotics between one and 3 hours.
Most common antibioticm, n (%) Overall N=292 Within one hour n=250 Between 1 and 3 hours n=42 P-value First Piperacillin/Tazobactam 188 (42.3) Piperacillin/Tazobactam 116 (46.4) Ceftriaxone 17 (40.5) 0.4756 Second Ceftriaxone 137 (30.9) Ceftriaxone 74 (29.6) Piperacillin/Tazobactam 12 (28.57) 0.8923 Third Vancomycin 45 (10.1) Vancomycin 31 (12.4) Vancomycin (5; 11.9) 0.9280 Values are presented as number and percentages (%).
- Table 3
- Characteristics of severe septic patients with systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg or mean arterial pressure <65 mmHg who received antibiotics within one hour versus those who received antibiotics between 1 and 3 hours (N=65).
Characteristics of patients Within one hour n = 58 Between 1 and 3 hours n = 7 P-value Age 59.86 (21.65) 67.8 (21.58) 0.5731 Any comorbidities 33 (56.9) 5 (71.4) 0.4611 Diabetes mellitus 22 (37.9) 2 (28.6) 0.463 Hypertension 25 (43.1) 2 (28.6) 0.309 Congestive heart failure 0 0 NA Kidney failure 4 (6.9) 0 NA Oncology 14 (24.1) 3 (42.8) 0.287 Source of infection Pneumonia empyema 9 (15.5) 1 (14.3) 0.932 Urinary tract infection 5 (8.6) 0 NA Acute abdominal infection 2 (3.4) 0 NA Meningitis 12 (20.7) 1(14.3) 0.689 Skin/soft tissue infection 1 (1.7) 0 NA Bone/joint infection 1 (1.7) 0 NA Wound infection 1 (1.7) 0 NA Vasopressor 18 (31.0) 2 (28.6) 0.894 Mortality 22 (37.9) 3 (42.8) 0.800 Values are presented as numbers and percentages (%).
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