Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Clinical significance of CA-125 in elderly patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis

A retrospective study

Ping Zhao, Liang Chen, Ze Q. Xie, Ji Y. Jian and Pan P. Sun
Saudi Medical Journal November 2022, 43 (11) 1217-1223; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2022.43.11.20220460

Article Figures & Data

Figures

  • Figure 1
    Figure 1

    - Representative radiographic figures of patients. A) Patients form group 1, without serous effusion, AFB: 3+, serum CA-135 level; B) Patient from group 1, with serous effusion, AFB: 2+, serim CA-125 level: 250.7 U/mL; C) Patient from group 2, without serous effucion, serum CA-125 level: 186.0 U/mL; D) Patient from group 2, with serous effusion, serum CA-125 level: 195.5 U/mL; E) Patient fromo group 3, wihtout serous effusion, serum CA-125 level: 7.1 U/mL; F) Patient from gruop 3, with serous effusion, serum CA-125 level: 120.0 U/mL. AF: acid-fats bacilli.

Tables

  • Table 1

    - Comparison of demographic characteristics and serum CA-125 levels among the 4 study groups.

    GroupGender (n)Age (x±s)CA-125 [Median (P25, P75)]Abnormal rate of CA-125 (%)
    MaleFemale
    Group 11015676.8±10.542.5 (21.0, 86.2)57.3
    Group 220410569.1±8.234.4 (14.0, 105.4)49.5
    Group 323418177.4±10.121.1 (12.7, 40.5)29.2
    Group 444527569.0±8.18.6 (1.2, 12.1)0.4
    Total test statistic7.806104.106735.183444.372
    Total p-value0.05<0.001<0.001<0.001
    Group 1 versus group 2χ2=0.131, p=0.717t=7.670, p p <0.001H=101.997, p=0.146χ2=2.545, p=0.111
    Group 1 versus group 3χ2=2.964, p=0.085t=0.625, p=0.454H=223.156, p<0.001χ2=38.822, p<0.001
    Group 1 versus group 4χ2=0.350, p=0.554t=7.778, p<0.001H=757.531, p<0.001χ2=440.334, p<0.001
    Group 2 versus group 3χ2=6.879, p=0.009t=8.295, p<0.001H=121.160, p=0.003χ2=31.207, p<0.001
    Group 2 versus group 4χ2=1.648, p=0.199t=0.109, p=0.858H=655.535, p<0.001χ2=405.222, p<0.001
    Group 3 versus group 4χ2=3.218, p=0.073t=8.403, p<0.001H=534.375, p<0.001χ2=223.448, p<0.001

    P25, the 25th percentile; P75, the 75th percentile.

    • Table 2

      - Comparison of gender, age, and levels and abnormal rates of serum CA-125 among the four groups with serous effusion.

      GroupGender (n)Age (x±s)CA-125[Median (P25, P75)]Abnormal rate of CA-125 (%)
      MaleFemale
      Group 1431278.7±10.271.2 (38.8, 173.9)81.8
      Group 2735571.0±8.999.8 (44.1, 175.4)79.7
      Group 3564780.9±9.852.0 (24.7, 107.4)62.1
      Total test statistic9.41534.10913.18211.364
      Total p-value0.009<0.0010.0010.003
      Group 1 versus group 2χ2=7.415, p=0.006t=7.717, p<0.001H=14.551, p=0.826χ2=0.111, p=0.740
      Group 1 versus group 3χ2=8.689, p=0.003t=2.233, p=0.159H=25.100, p=0.208χ2=6.492, p=0.011
      Group 2 versus group 3χ2=0.164, p=0.685t=9.950, p<0.001H=39.651, p=0.001χ2=8.695, p=0.003

      P25, the 25th percentile; P75, the 75th percentile.

      • Table 3

        - Comparison of gender, age, and levels and abnormal rates of serum CA-125 among the four groups without serous effusion.

        GroupGender (n)Age (x±s)CA-125[Median (P25, P75)]Abnormal rate of CA-125 (%)
        MaleFemale
        Group 1584475.8±10.531.2 (18.1-68.3)44.1
        Group 21315067.8±7.318.0 (10.7-40.0)28.2
        Group 317813476.3±10.017.6 (11.3-30.1)18.3
        Group 444527569.0±8.18.6 (1.2, 12.1)0.4
        Total test statistic12.60169.316487.826250.03
        Total p-value0.006<0.001<0.001<0.001
        Group 1 versus group 2χ2=7.077, p=0.008t=7.956, p<0.001H=183.969, p=0.001χ2=7.396, p=0.007
        Group 1 versus group 3χ2=0.001, p=0.973t=0.491, p=0.619H=198.197, p<0.001χ2=27.661, p<0.001
        Group 1 versus group 4χ2=0.919, p=0.338t=6.754, p<0.001H=613.759, p<0.001χ2=310.316, p<0.001
        Group 2 versus group 3χ2=11.499, p=0.001t=8.447, p<0.001H=14.228, p=1.000χ2=6.572, p=0.010
        Group 2 versus group 4χ2=7.008, p=0.008t=1.202, p=0.096H=429.790, p<0.001χ2=197.834, p<0.001
        Group 3 versus group 4χ2=2.056, p=0.152t=7.245, p<0.001H=415.562, p<0.001χ2=126.692, p<0.001

        P25, the 25th percentile; P75, the 75th percentile.

        • Table 4

          - Assignment for CA-125 levels and risk factors.

          FactorsnAssignmentFactorsnAssignment
          CA-125 (U/ml)  Liver non-malignant diseases227Yes = 0
          No = 1
          <355220Hypoproteinemia419Yes = 0
          No = 1
          35-1451Hyperlipidemia297Yes = 0
          No = 1
          70-1222Pleural lesions121Yes = 0
          No = 1
          140-1043Coronary heart disease399Yes = 0
          No = 1
          Gender  Heart failure32Yes = 0
          No = 1
          Male5470Serous effusion290Yes = 0
          No = 1
          Female3461Pulmonary emphysema168Yes = 0
          No = 1
          Age (year)  Renal cyst/renal calculus165Yes = 0
          No = 1
          60-3560Bronchial diseases350Yes = 0
          No = 1
          70-2141Pulmonary interstitial fibrosis150Yes = 0
          No = 1
          80-2552COPD141Yes = 0
          No = 1
          90-683Pulmonary malignancies321Yes = 0
          No = 1
          PTB169Yes = 0History of other malignant tumors57Yes = 0
          No = 1No = 1
          Obsolete PTB70Yes = 0Respiratory failure155Yes = 0
          No = 1No = 1
          Pneumonia570Yes = 0Pyohemia87Yes = 0
          No = 1No = 1
          Diabetes mellitus266Yes = 0Cor pulmonale23Yes = 0
          No = 1No = 1
          Arteriosclerosis334Yes = 0   
          No = 1

          PTB: pulmonary tuberculosis, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

          • Table 5

            - Factors influencing serum CA-125 levels in elderly patients.

            FactorsβSEWald χ2P-valueOR95% CI for OR
            LowerUpper
            PTB1.0110.194926.925<0.0012.7491.8764.027
            Hypoproteinemia0.4180.15806.9970.0081.5191.1142.070
            Serous effusion1.9970.1634149.340<0.0017.3645.34610.143
            Pulmonary malignancy0.7910.190517.244<0.0012.2061.5183.204
            Respiratory failure1.1680.220628.028<0.0013.2162.0874.956
            Cor pulmonale1.0950.43206.4280.0112.9901.2826.973

            PTB: pulmonary tuberculosis, β: regression coefficient, SE: standard error;, OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval

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