Evaluate the side effect associated with COVID-19 vaccine on adolescents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross-section study

Jehad A. Aldali; Fahad T. Alotaibi; Glowi A. Alasiri; Renad A. Almesned; Aroob M. Alromih; Afnan M. Almohandes; Shahad F. Alsenidi

doi:10.15537/smj.2022.43.11.20220493

Article Figures & Data

Tables

View popup

Table 1

- The general demographic characteristics of the participants and medical history.

Variables	n	%
Gender
Male	66	10.9
Female	538	89.1
Age groups
12-15	253	41.9
16-17	351	58.1
Nationality
Saudi	455	75.3
Non- Saudi	149	24.7
Occupation
Student	596	98.6
Not student	8	1.4
Health status
Good health	558	92.4
Health problem	31	5.1
Chronic disease	15	2.5
Diagnosed with COVID-19 prior to receiving the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine	110	18.2
Not diagnosed with COVID-19 prior to receiving the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine	494	81.8
Smoker/former smoker	8	1.3
Non-smoker	596	98.7
Receiving antimicrobial	9	1.5
Not receiving antimicrobial	595	98.5

View popup

Table 2

- Participants who experienced side effects, as well as the amount of doses administered (N=604).

Side effect	First dose n (%)	Second dose n (%)
Type of vaccine
BNT162b2 (Pfizer)	593 (98.2)	556 (92.1)
Moderna	11 (1.8)	39 (6.5)
Missing data	0	9 (1.5)
Side effects after the dose
Feeling tired and headache	354 (58.6)	388 (64.2)
Pain on the injection site	514 (85.1)	482 (79.8)
Muscle and joint pain and feeling unwell	201 (33.3)	235 (38.9)
High temperature and shivering in the body	167 (27.6)	232 (38.4)
Dizziness	129 (21.4)	164 (27.2)
Vomiting	24 (4.0)	39 (6.5)
Breathing congestion	26 (4.3)	40 (6.6)
Menstrual disorder	123 (20.4)	106 (17.5)
Skin itching or rash	26 (4.3)	24 (4.0)
No sides effect	35 (5.7)	4 (1.0)
Missing data	0	9 (1.5)
Side effects were most prominent on the
First day	281 (46.5)	320 (53)
Second day	292 (48.3)	253 (41.9)
Third day	10 (1.7)	12 (2)
Other	21 (3.5)	19 (3.1)
The severity of the side effects
Mild	247 (40.9)	186 (30.8)
Moderate	303 (50.2)	264 (43.7)
Severe	54 (8.9)	136 (22.5)
Missing data	0	18 (3.0)
For how long did the side effect last after vaccination:
1–2 days	346 (57.3)	348 (57.6)
3 days	209 (34.6)	176 (29.1)
4 or more	49 (8.1)	60 (9.9)
Missing data	0	20 (3.3)
Medication usage
Take any medication to reduce the severity of the side effects	357 (59.1)	381 (63.1)
Not taking any medication to reduce the severity of the side effects	247 (40.9)	211 (34.9)
Missing data	0	12 (2.0)

View popup

Table 3

- Logistic regression (first dose).

Side Effect	Variables	B	P-value	Odds ratio	95% CI Lower	95% CI Upper
Muscle and joint pain	Gender	-0.45	0.14	0.64	0.36	1.15
Muscle and joint pain	Presence of chronic disease	0.89	0.01*	2.45	1.24	4.83
Dizziness	Gender	-1.35	0.01*	.26	0.10	0.66
Dizziness	Presence of chronic disease	0.87	0.02*	2.39	1.16	4.94
Breathing congestion	Gender	-1.26	0.22	0.28	0.04	2.16
Breathing congestion	Presence of chronic disease	1.50	0.01*	4.46	1.56	12.73
Menstrual disorder	Gender	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Menstrual disorder	Presence of chronic disease	0.87	0.03*	2.38	1.12	5.10

Assessment is based on patients with chronic disease compared to patients without chronic disease. Gender assessment is males compared to females. *Significant, CI: confidence interval, B: coefficients, NA: not applicable

View popup

Table 4

- Logistic regression (second dose).

Side effect	Variables	B	P-value	Odds Ratio	95% CI Lower	95% CI Upper
Feeling tired and headache	Gender	0.58	0.06	1.78	0.98	3.24
	Presence of chronic disease	-0.71	0.04*	0.49	0.25	0.97
Breathing congestion	Gender	0.33	0.49	1.39	0.55	3.49
	Presence of chronic disease	1.33	0.00*	3.77	1.53	9.28