Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
- Receiver operating characteristic of obesity indices (VAI, BMI, WC, HC) comparing the carotid atherosclerosis predictive values A) ROC curves in females 18-44 years of age, B) ROC curves in females >44 years of age, and C) ROC curves in all females. #The differences of AUC between VAI and the index were significant (p<0.001); ROC: receiver operating characteristic, BMI: body mass index, WC: waist circumference, HC: hip circumference
Tables
Characteristics Female (n=1136) P-value Male(n=863) P-value Tertile 1 (≤1.05) Tertile 2 (1.06 to 1.86) Tertile 3 (>1.86) Tertile 1 (≤1.26) Tertile 2 (1.27 to 2.17) Tertile 3(>2.17) No. of cases 378 382 376 285 287 291 Age (years), x±s 45.7±16.97 48.45±16.32 47.86±16.59 0.057 44.42±16.93 47.29±18.78 45.57±17.66 0.153 Body mass index (kg/m2), mean±SD 22.86±3.64 23.42±3.82 24.66±4.34 <0.001 22.66±3.74 23.78±4.02 24.42±4.23 <0.001 Waist circumference (cm), mean±SD 73.13±10.22 75.13±10.29 75.87±9.93 0.001 75.17±10.86 76.68±10.67 78.78±10.59 <0.001 Hip circumference (cm), mean±SD 89.14±8.63 90.48±8.18 90.69±7.89 0.020 88.55±7.34 88.67±8.31 90.32±8.51 0.013 Total cholesterol (mmol/L), mean±SD 4.91±0.87 5.14±0.97 5.23±0.96 <0.001 4.98±0.91 5.13±0.95 5.2±0.99 0.016 Triglyceride (mmol/L), M (P25,P75) 0.80 (0.65,0.94) 1.29 (1.08,1.51) 2.25 (1.84,3.07) <0.001 0.81 (0.64,0.95) 1.30 (1.11,1.51) 2.19 (1.77,2.76) <0.001 High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L), mean±SD 1.59±0.33 1.28±0.24 1.06±0.18 <0.001 1.64±0.36 1.26±0.22 1.07±0.17 <0.001 Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L), mean±SD 2.91±0.76 3.29±0.86 3.10±0.88 <0.001 2.9±0.78 3.29±0.87 3.14±0.93 <0.001 Fasting plasma glucos (mmol/L), mean±SD 4.98 (4.71,5.36) 5.09 (4.74,5.43) 5.26 (4.94,5.80) <0.001 4.99 (4.52,5.29) 5.15 (4.57,5.48) 5.24 (4.93,5.53) <0.001 Family history of hypertension 99 (26.1) 116 (30.4) 96 (25.5) 0.269 72 (25.3) 60 (20.9) 77 (26.5) 0.262 Family history of diabetes mellitus 17 (4.5) 20 (5.24) 12 (3.19) 0.374 13 (4.56) 9 (3.14) 16 (5.5) 0.379 Hypertension 168 (44.4) 186 (48.7) 189 (50.3) 0.254 131(46.0) 138 (48.1) 153 (52.6) 0.268 Diabetes mellitus 41 (10.9) 49 (12.8) 66 (17.6) 0.023 29 (10.2) 31 (10.8) 56 (19.2) 0.002 Smoking 5 (1.3) 10 (2.6) 19 (5.1) 0.009 140 (49.1) 128 (44.6) 134 (46.1) 0.542 Drinking 9 (2.4) 13 (3.4) 18 (4.8) 0.198 114 (40.0) 104 (36.2) 118 (40.6) 0.513 Tea drinking ≥5 times / week 118 (31.2) 136 (35.6) 136 (36.1) 0.292 145 (50.9) 152 (53.0) 167 (57.4) 0.188 Exercise ≥3 times / week 105 (27.8) 123 (32.2) 102 (27.1) 0.246 70 (24.7) 101 (35.2) 84 (28.9) 0.020 High-salt diet 99 (26.2) 85 (22.3) 101 (26.9) 0.285 80 (28.1) 91 (31.7) 83 (28.5) 0.581 Like pickled food 39 (10.3) 42 (11.0) 34 (9.0) 0.665 19 (6.7) 26 (9.1) 23 (7.9) 0.569 Sweets ≥3 times / week 64 (16.9) 62 (16.2) 54 (14.4) 0.607 51 (17.9) 64 (22.3) 56 (19.2) 0.399 Working hours over 10 hours /day 10 (2.7) 20 (5.2) 19 (5.1) 0.147 23 (8.07) 22 (7.7) 37 (12.7) 0.071 Values are presented as number and percentage (%), unless otherwise stated.
Gender Model one Model two OR (95%CI) P-value OR (95%CI) P-value Female Tertile 1 Reference Reference Tertile 2 1.99(1.48~2.67) <0.001 2.16(1.51~3.08) <0.001 Tertile 3 2.26(1.68~3.03) <0.001 2.44(1.50~3.98) <0.001 Male Tertile 1 Reference Reference Tertile 2 1.40(1.01~1.95) 0.044 1.47(0.97~2.23) 0.071 Tertile 3 1.44(1.04~2.00) 0.029 1.74(1.05~3.16) 0.056 Model one was not adjusted. Model 2 was adjusted for body mass index, waist circumference, Hip circumference, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, and current smoking. VAI: visceral adiposity index, CAS: carotid atherosclerosis, CI: confidence interval
Age Female Male Model one Model two Model one Model two OR (95%CI) P-value OR (95%CI) P-value OR(95%CI) P-value OR(95%CI) P-value 18-44 years Tertile 1 Reference Reference Reference Reference Tertile 2 1.59(0.99~2.56) 0.06 1.54(0.85~2.79) 0.156 1.41(0.86~2.29) 0.172 1.716(0.90~3.26) 0.099 Tertile 3 1.75(1.10~2.80) 0.019 1.52(0.67~3.44) 0.315 1.23(0.75~2.01) 0.407 2.44(0.832~4.64) 0.124 >44years Tertile 1 Reference Reference Reference Reference Tertile 2 2.17(1.50~3.19) <0.001 2.42(1.53~3.82) <0.001 1.40(0.88~2.20) 0.153 1.65(0.94~2.90) 0.084 Tertile 3 2.68(1.81~3.97) <0.001 3.09(1.64~5.82) <0.001 1.86(1.17~2.95) 0.009 2.00(0.95~4.42) 0.069 Model one was not adjusted. Model 2 was adjusted for body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, and current smoking. VAI: visceral adiposity index; CAS: carotid atherosclerosis; CI: cofidence interval
Different populations AUC Standarderrors P-value 95%CI for AUC Lower bound Upper bound All subject groups 0.561 0.013 <0.001 0.535 0.586 All females 0.595 0.017 <0.001 0.562 0.628 In female 18–44 years of age 0.575 0.028 0.008 0.52 0.629 In female >44years of age 0.610 0.022 <0.001 0.566 0.653 All males 0.537 0.02 0.060 0.499 0.575 In female 18–44 years of age 0.514 0.029 0.640 0.457 0.57 In female >44years of age 0.553 0.027 0.056 0.499 0.606 AUC: area under the curve, VAI: visceral adiposity index, CAS: carotid atherosclerosis, CI: confidence interval
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