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Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Emphasizing the link between blood types in multi-ethnic disparities and COVID-19 infection in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Wesam A. Nasif, Abeer S.E. Ali, Asim A. Khogeer, Mohammed H. Mukhtar, Mohamed M. NourEldein, Ahmed Y. Shebly, Shumukh H. Alqahtani, Yahya A. Alnashri, Ghaidaa E. Khouj, Ziyad I. Gadah and Mohammad A. Althubiti
Saudi Medical Journal February 2022, 43 (2) 177-186; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2022.43.2.20210847
Wesam A. Nasif
From Biochemistry Department (Nasif, Mukhtar, Nour Eldein, Althubiti), From Pathology Department (Ali), from the College of Medicine (Alqahtani, Alnashri, Khouj, Gadah), Umm Al-Qura University; From Plan and Research Department (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health; From Ajyad Emergency Hospital (Shebly), Ministry of Health, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MSc, PhD
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Abeer S.E. Ali
From Biochemistry Department (Nasif, Mukhtar, Nour Eldein, Althubiti), From Pathology Department (Ali), from the College of Medicine (Alqahtani, Alnashri, Khouj, Gadah), Umm Al-Qura University; From Plan and Research Department (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health; From Ajyad Emergency Hospital (Shebly), Ministry of Health, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MBBCh, MSc
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Asim A. Khogeer
From Biochemistry Department (Nasif, Mukhtar, Nour Eldein, Althubiti), From Pathology Department (Ali), from the College of Medicine (Alqahtani, Alnashri, Khouj, Gadah), Umm Al-Qura University; From Plan and Research Department (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health; From Ajyad Emergency Hospital (Shebly), Ministry of Health, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MSc, PhD
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Mohammed H. Mukhtar
From Biochemistry Department (Nasif, Mukhtar, Nour Eldein, Althubiti), From Pathology Department (Ali), from the College of Medicine (Alqahtani, Alnashri, Khouj, Gadah), Umm Al-Qura University; From Plan and Research Department (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health; From Ajyad Emergency Hospital (Shebly), Ministry of Health, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MPhil, PhD
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Mohamed M. NourEldein
From Biochemistry Department (Nasif, Mukhtar, Nour Eldein, Althubiti), From Pathology Department (Ali), from the College of Medicine (Alqahtani, Alnashri, Khouj, Gadah), Umm Al-Qura University; From Plan and Research Department (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health; From Ajyad Emergency Hospital (Shebly), Ministry of Health, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MSc, PhD
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Ahmed Y. Shebly
From Biochemistry Department (Nasif, Mukhtar, Nour Eldein, Althubiti), From Pathology Department (Ali), from the College of Medicine (Alqahtani, Alnashri, Khouj, Gadah), Umm Al-Qura University; From Plan and Research Department (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health; From Ajyad Emergency Hospital (Shebly), Ministry of Health, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MBBCh
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Shumukh H. Alqahtani
From Biochemistry Department (Nasif, Mukhtar, Nour Eldein, Althubiti), From Pathology Department (Ali), from the College of Medicine (Alqahtani, Alnashri, Khouj, Gadah), Umm Al-Qura University; From Plan and Research Department (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health; From Ajyad Emergency Hospital (Shebly), Ministry of Health, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MBBCh
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Yahya A. Alnashri
From Biochemistry Department (Nasif, Mukhtar, Nour Eldein, Althubiti), From Pathology Department (Ali), from the College of Medicine (Alqahtani, Alnashri, Khouj, Gadah), Umm Al-Qura University; From Plan and Research Department (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health; From Ajyad Emergency Hospital (Shebly), Ministry of Health, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MBBCh
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Ghaidaa E. Khouj
From Biochemistry Department (Nasif, Mukhtar, Nour Eldein, Althubiti), From Pathology Department (Ali), from the College of Medicine (Alqahtani, Alnashri, Khouj, Gadah), Umm Al-Qura University; From Plan and Research Department (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health; From Ajyad Emergency Hospital (Shebly), Ministry of Health, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MBBCh
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Ziyad I. Gadah
From Biochemistry Department (Nasif, Mukhtar, Nour Eldein, Althubiti), From Pathology Department (Ali), from the College of Medicine (Alqahtani, Alnashri, Khouj, Gadah), Umm Al-Qura University; From Plan and Research Department (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health; From Ajyad Emergency Hospital (Shebly), Ministry of Health, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MBBCh
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Mohammad A. Althubiti
From Biochemistry Department (Nasif, Mukhtar, Nour Eldein, Althubiti), From Pathology Department (Ali), from the College of Medicine (Alqahtani, Alnashri, Khouj, Gadah), Umm Al-Qura University; From Plan and Research Department (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health; From Ajyad Emergency Hospital (Shebly), Ministry of Health, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MSc, PhD
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Saudi Medical Journal: 43 (2)
Saudi Medical Journal
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1 Feb 2022
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Emphasizing the link between blood types in multi-ethnic disparities and COVID-19 infection in Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Wesam A. Nasif, Abeer S.E. Ali, Asim A. Khogeer, Mohammed H. Mukhtar, Mohamed M. NourEldein, Ahmed Y. Shebly, Shumukh H. Alqahtani, Yahya A. Alnashri, Ghaidaa E. Khouj, Ziyad I. Gadah, Mohammad A. Althubiti
Saudi Medical Journal Feb 2022, 43 (2) 177-186; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.2.20210847

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Emphasizing the link between blood types in multi-ethnic disparities and COVID-19 infection in Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Wesam A. Nasif, Abeer S.E. Ali, Asim A. Khogeer, Mohammed H. Mukhtar, Mohamed M. NourEldein, Ahmed Y. Shebly, Shumukh H. Alqahtani, Yahya A. Alnashri, Ghaidaa E. Khouj, Ziyad I. Gadah, Mohammad A. Althubiti
Saudi Medical Journal Feb 2022, 43 (2) 177-186; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.2.20210847
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Keywords

  • ABO blood group
  • RhD
  • COVID-19
  • ethnicity
  • risk
  • prevalence

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