Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Latest
    • Archive
    • home
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
    • Join SMJ
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Office
    • Editorial Board
  • More
    • Advertising
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Folders
    • Help
  • Other Publications
    • NeuroSciences Journal

User menu

  • My alerts
  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
Saudi Medical Journal
  • Other Publications
    • NeuroSciences Journal
  • My alerts
  • Log in
Saudi Medical Journal

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Latest
    • Archive
    • home
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
    • Join SMJ
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Office
    • Editorial Board
  • More
    • Advertising
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Folders
    • Help
  • Follow psmmc on Twitter
  • Visit psmmc on Facebook
  • RSS
Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Emphasizing the link between blood types in multi-ethnic disparities and COVID-19 infection in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Wesam A. Nasif, Abeer S.E. Ali, Asim A. Khogeer, Mohammed H. Mukhtar, Mohamed M. NourEldein, Ahmed Y. Shebly, Shumukh H. Alqahtani, Yahya A. Alnashri, Ghaidaa E. Khouj, Ziyad I. Gadah and Mohammad A. Althubiti
Saudi Medical Journal February 2022, 43 (2) 177-186; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2022.43.2.20210847
Wesam A. Nasif
From Biochemistry Department (Nasif, Mukhtar, Nour Eldein, Althubiti), From Pathology Department (Ali), from the College of Medicine (Alqahtani, Alnashri, Khouj, Gadah), Umm Al-Qura University; From Plan and Research Department (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health; From Ajyad Emergency Hospital (Shebly), Ministry of Health, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MSc, PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Abeer S.E. Ali
From Biochemistry Department (Nasif, Mukhtar, Nour Eldein, Althubiti), From Pathology Department (Ali), from the College of Medicine (Alqahtani, Alnashri, Khouj, Gadah), Umm Al-Qura University; From Plan and Research Department (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health; From Ajyad Emergency Hospital (Shebly), Ministry of Health, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MBBCh, MSc
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Asim A. Khogeer
From Biochemistry Department (Nasif, Mukhtar, Nour Eldein, Althubiti), From Pathology Department (Ali), from the College of Medicine (Alqahtani, Alnashri, Khouj, Gadah), Umm Al-Qura University; From Plan and Research Department (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health; From Ajyad Emergency Hospital (Shebly), Ministry of Health, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MSc, PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Mohammed H. Mukhtar
From Biochemistry Department (Nasif, Mukhtar, Nour Eldein, Althubiti), From Pathology Department (Ali), from the College of Medicine (Alqahtani, Alnashri, Khouj, Gadah), Umm Al-Qura University; From Plan and Research Department (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health; From Ajyad Emergency Hospital (Shebly), Ministry of Health, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MPhil, PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Mohamed M. NourEldein
From Biochemistry Department (Nasif, Mukhtar, Nour Eldein, Althubiti), From Pathology Department (Ali), from the College of Medicine (Alqahtani, Alnashri, Khouj, Gadah), Umm Al-Qura University; From Plan and Research Department (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health; From Ajyad Emergency Hospital (Shebly), Ministry of Health, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MSc, PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Ahmed Y. Shebly
From Biochemistry Department (Nasif, Mukhtar, Nour Eldein, Althubiti), From Pathology Department (Ali), from the College of Medicine (Alqahtani, Alnashri, Khouj, Gadah), Umm Al-Qura University; From Plan and Research Department (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health; From Ajyad Emergency Hospital (Shebly), Ministry of Health, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MBBCh
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Shumukh H. Alqahtani
From Biochemistry Department (Nasif, Mukhtar, Nour Eldein, Althubiti), From Pathology Department (Ali), from the College of Medicine (Alqahtani, Alnashri, Khouj, Gadah), Umm Al-Qura University; From Plan and Research Department (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health; From Ajyad Emergency Hospital (Shebly), Ministry of Health, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MBBCh
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Yahya A. Alnashri
From Biochemistry Department (Nasif, Mukhtar, Nour Eldein, Althubiti), From Pathology Department (Ali), from the College of Medicine (Alqahtani, Alnashri, Khouj, Gadah), Umm Al-Qura University; From Plan and Research Department (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health; From Ajyad Emergency Hospital (Shebly), Ministry of Health, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MBBCh
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Ghaidaa E. Khouj
From Biochemistry Department (Nasif, Mukhtar, Nour Eldein, Althubiti), From Pathology Department (Ali), from the College of Medicine (Alqahtani, Alnashri, Khouj, Gadah), Umm Al-Qura University; From Plan and Research Department (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health; From Ajyad Emergency Hospital (Shebly), Ministry of Health, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MBBCh
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Ziyad I. Gadah
From Biochemistry Department (Nasif, Mukhtar, Nour Eldein, Althubiti), From Pathology Department (Ali), from the College of Medicine (Alqahtani, Alnashri, Khouj, Gadah), Umm Al-Qura University; From Plan and Research Department (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health; From Ajyad Emergency Hospital (Shebly), Ministry of Health, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MBBCh
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Mohammad A. Althubiti
From Biochemistry Department (Nasif, Mukhtar, Nour Eldein, Althubiti), From Pathology Department (Ali), from the College of Medicine (Alqahtani, Alnashri, Khouj, Gadah), Umm Al-Qura University; From Plan and Research Department (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Ministry of Health; From Ajyad Emergency Hospital (Shebly), Ministry of Health, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MSc, PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • eLetters
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF
Loading

References

  1. 1.↵
    1. Padhi S,
    2. Suvankar S,
    3. Dash D,
    4. Panda VK,
    5. Pati A,
    6. Panigrahi J, et al.
    ABO blood group system is associated with COVID-19 mortality: An epidemiological investigation in the Indian population. Transfus Clin Biol 2020; 27: 253–258.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  2. 2.↵
    World health organization .WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID19. [Updated 2020 October 23; Accessed 2021 May 10]. Available from: https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---23-october-2020
  3. 3.↵
    World Health Organization. COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic; Worldmeter (cumulative & daily reports). [Updated 2022; 2022 January 24] Available from: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/#countries
  4. 4.↵
    1. Alyami HS,
    2. Naser AY,
    3. Dahmash EZ,
    4. Alyami MH,
    5. Alyami MS.
    Depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75: e14244.
    OpenUrl
  5. 5.↵
    1. Ahn DG,
    2. Shin HJ,
    3. Kim MH,
    4. Lee S,
    5. Kim HS,
    6. Myoung J, et al.
    Current status of epidemiology, diagnosis, therapeutics, and vaccines for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30: 313–324.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  6. 6.
    1. Wenzhong L,
    2. Hualan L.
    COVID-19: Attacks the 1-Beta Chain of Hemoglobin and Captures the Porphyrin to Inhibit Human Heme Metabolism. ChemRxiv 2020.
  7. 7.↵
    1. Zhang JJ,
    2. Dong X,
    3. Cao YY,
    4. Yuan YD,
    5. Yang YB,
    6. Yan YQ, et al.
    Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China. Allergy 2020; 75: 1730–1741.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  8. 8.↵
    1. Malik YA.
    Properties of coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2. Malays J Pathol 2020; 42: 3–11.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  9. 9.↵
    1. Anstee DJ.
    The relationship between blood groups and disease. Blood 2010; 115: 4635–4643.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  10. 10.↵
    1. Zhao J,
    2. Yang Y,
    3. Huang H,
    4. Li D,
    5. Gu D,
    6. Lu X, et al.
    Relationship between the ABO blood group and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Susceptibility. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73: 328–331.
    OpenUrl
  11. 11.↵
    1. Rakebrandt N,
    2. Joller N.
    Infection history determines susceptibility to unrelated diseases. Bioessays 2019; 41: e1800191.
    OpenUrl
  12. 12.↵
    1. Fazeli A,
    2. Sharifi S,
    3. Mohammadi S,
    4. Bahraini M,
    5. Arabkhazaeli A,
    6. Jelveh N, et al.
    The demographic and serological characteristics of COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors: Identification of basic criteria for optimal donor selection. Transfus Apher Sci 2021; 29: 103302.
    OpenUrl
  13. 13.↵
    1. Yanardag Acik D,
    2. Bankir M.
    Relationship of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic with Blood Groups. Transfus Med Hemother 2021; 48: 161–167.
    OpenUrl
  14. 14.↵
    1. Jing SW,
    2. Xu Q,
    3. Zhang XY,
    4. Jing ZH,
    5. Zhao ZJ,
    6. Zhang RH, et al.
    Are people with blood group o more susceptible to nasopharyngeal carcinoma and have worse survival rates? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11: 698113.
    OpenUrl
  15. 15.↵
    1. Jing W,
    2. Zhao S,
    3. Liu J,
    4. Liu M.
    ABO blood groups and hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2020; 10: e034114.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  16. 16.↵
    1. Wu BB,
    2. Gu DZ,
    3. Yu JN,
    4. Yang J,
    5. Shen WQ.
    Association between ABO blood groups and COVID-19 infection, severity and demise: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Genet Evol 2020; 84: 104485.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  17. 17.↵
    Ministry of Health. MOH Reports First Case of Coronavirus Infection. [Updated 2020 March 02; Accessed 2021 May 10]. Available from: https://www.moh.gov.sa/en/Ministry/MediaCenter/News/Pages/News-2020-03-02-002.aspx
  18. 18.↵
    1. Ammar Khojah,
    2. Talal Qadah
    . ABO and rhesus blood groups distribution in healthy individuals: an update cross sectional study from Tertiary Care Center in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia. J Res Med Dent Sci 2021; 9: 1–6.
    OpenUrl
  19. 19.↵
    1. Chen N,
    2. Zhou M,
    3. Dong X,
    4. Qu J,
    5. Gong F,
    6. Han Y, et al.
    Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 2020; 395: 507–513.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  20. 20.↵
    1. Hoiland RL,
    2. Fergusson NA,
    3. Mitra AR,
    4. Griesdale DEG,
    5. Devine DV,
    6. Stukas S, et al.
    The association of ABO blood group with indices of disease severity and multiorgan dysfunction in COVID-19. Blood Adv 2020; 4: 4981–4989.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  21. 21.↵
    1. Kabrah SM,
    2. Kabrah AM,
    3. Flemban AF,
    4. Abuzerr S.
    Systematic review and meta-analysis of the susceptibility of ABO blood group to COVID-19 infection. Transfus Apher Sci 2021; 60: 103169.
    OpenUrl
  22. 22.↵
    1. Jiao Z,
    2. Yan Y,
    3. Hanping H,
    4. Dong L,
    5. Dongfeng G,
    6. Xiangfeng L, et al.
    Relationship between the ABO Blood Group and the COVID-19 Susceptibility. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73: 328–331.
    OpenUrl
  23. 23.↵
    1. Wu Y,
    2. Feng Z,
    3. Li P,
    4. Yu Q.
    Relationship between ABO blood group distribution and clinical characteristics in patients with COVID-19. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 509: 220–223.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  24. 24.↵
    1. Mahmoud MH,
    2. Alghamdi FA,
    3. Alghamdi GA,
    4. Alkhotani LA,
    5. Alrehaili MA,
    6. El-Deeb DK.
    Study of Post-COVID-19 Syndrome in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2021; 13: e17787.
    OpenUrl
  25. 25.↵
    1. Kaidarova Z,
    2. Bravo MD,
    3. Kamel HT,
    4. Custer BS,
    5. Busch MP,
    6. Lanteri MC.
    Blood group A and Rh(D) negativity are associated with symptomatic West Nile virus infection. Transfusion 2016; 56: 1699–1706.
    OpenUrl
  26. 26.↵
    1. Sharma S,
    2. Hagbom M,
    3. Carlsson B,
    4. Nederby Öhd J,
    5. Insulander M,
    6. Eriksson R, et al.
    Secretor status is associated with susceptibility to disease in a large GII.6 norovirus foodborne outbreak. Food Environ Virol 2020; 12: 28–34.
    OpenUrl
  27. 27.↵
    1. Nordgren J,
    2. Svensson L.
    Genetic Susceptibility to Human Norovirus Infection: An Update. Viruses 2019; 11: 226.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  28. 28.↵
    1. Guillon P,
    2. Clément M,
    3. Sébille V, et al.
    Inhibition of the interaction between the SARS-CoV spike protein and its cellular receptor by anti-histo-blood group antibodies. Glycobiology 2008; 18: 1085–1093.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  29. 29.↵
    1. Lu R,
    2. Zhao X,
    3. Li J,
    4. Niu P,
    5. Yang B,
    6. Wu H, et al.
    Genomic characterization and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet 2020; 395: 565–574.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  30. 30.
    1. Wang LL,
    2. Yang JW,
    3. Xu JF.
    Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes lung inflammation and injury. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; S1198-743X(21)00674-1.
  31. 31.↵
    1. Hoffmann M,
    2. Kleine-Weber H,
    3. Krüger N,
    4. Müller M,
    5. Drosten C,
    6. Pöhlmann S.
    The novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) uses the SARS-coronavirus receptor ACE2 and the cellular protease TMPRSS2 for entry into target cells. bioRxiv 2020; 1–5.
  32. 32.↵
    1. Saify K,
    2. Alborz. M,
    3. Saadat M.
    Susceptibility to the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is associated with ABO and Rh blood groups: a case-control study from Afghanistan. Egypt J Med Hum Genet 2021; 22: 1.
    OpenUrl
  33. 33.↵
    1. Ansari-Lari M,
    2. Saadat M.
    The morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 are associated with ABO and Rh blood groups. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020: 2047487320939216.
  34. 34.↵
    1. Haunstrup TM,
    2. Homburg K,
    3. Larsen R,
    4. Hansen MB,
    5. Titlestad K,
    6. Aagaard B, et al.
    Reduced prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in ABO blood group O. Blood Adv 2020; 4: 4990–4993.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  35. 35.↵
    1. Ray JG,
    2. Schull MJ,
    3. Vermeulen MJ,
    4. Park AL.
    Association between ABO and Rh blood groups and SARS-CoV-2 Infection or Severe COVID-19 Illness : A population-based cohort study. Ann Intern Med 2021; 174: 308–315.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  36. 36.↵
    1. Ali H,
    2. Alshukry A,
    3. Marafie SK,
    4. AlRukhayes M,
    5. Ali Y,
    6. Abbas MB, et al.
    Outcomes of COVID-19: Disparities by ethnicity. Infect Genet Evol 2021;87: 104639.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  37. 37.↵
    1. Martin CA,
    2. Jenkins DR,
    3. Minhas JS,
    4. Gray LJ,
    5. Tang J,
    6. Williams C et al.
    Socio-demographic heterogeneity in the prevalence of COVID-19 during lockdown is associated with ethnicity and household size: Results from an observational cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 25: 100466.
    OpenUrl
  38. 38.↵
    1. Cevik M,
    2. Marcus JL,
    3. Buckee C,
    4. Smith TC.
    SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics should inform policy. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73: S170–S176.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  39. 39.↵
    1. Asfahan S,
    2. Deokar K,
    3. Dutt N,
    4. Niwas R,
    5. Jain P,
    6. Agarwal M.
    Extrapolation of mortality in COVID-19: Exploring the role of age, sex, co-morbidities and health-care related occupation. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2020; 90.
  40. 40.↵
    1. Jing QL,
    2. Liu MJ,
    3. Zhang ZB,
    4. Fang LQ,
    5. Yuan J,
    6. Zhang AR, et al.
    Household secondary attack rate of COVID-19 and associated determinants in Guangzhou, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 2020; 20: 1141–1150.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  41. 41.
    1. Iacobucci G.
    Covid-19: deprived areas have the highest death rates in England and Wales. BMJ 2020; 369: m1810.
  42. 42.↵
    1. Al-Mulla F,
    2. Mohammad A,
    3. Al Madhoun A,
    4. Haddad D,
    5. Ali H,
    6. Eaaswarkhanth M, et al.
    ACE2 and FURIN variants are potential predictors of SARS-CoV-2 outcome: A time to implement precision medicine against COVID-19. Heliyon 2021; 7: e06133.
    OpenUrl
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

Saudi Medical Journal: 43 (2)
Saudi Medical Journal
Vol. 43, Issue 2
1 Feb 2022
  • Table of Contents
  • Cover (PDF)
  • Index by author
Print
Download PDF
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Saudi Medical Journal.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Emphasizing the link between blood types in multi-ethnic disparities and COVID-19 infection in Makkah, Saudi Arabia
(Your Name) has sent you a message from Saudi Medical Journal
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the Saudi Medical Journal web site.
Citation Tools
Emphasizing the link between blood types in multi-ethnic disparities and COVID-19 infection in Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Wesam A. Nasif, Abeer S.E. Ali, Asim A. Khogeer, Mohammed H. Mukhtar, Mohamed M. NourEldein, Ahmed Y. Shebly, Shumukh H. Alqahtani, Yahya A. Alnashri, Ghaidaa E. Khouj, Ziyad I. Gadah, Mohammad A. Althubiti
Saudi Medical Journal Feb 2022, 43 (2) 177-186; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.2.20210847

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Emphasizing the link between blood types in multi-ethnic disparities and COVID-19 infection in Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Wesam A. Nasif, Abeer S.E. Ali, Asim A. Khogeer, Mohammed H. Mukhtar, Mohamed M. NourEldein, Ahmed Y. Shebly, Shumukh H. Alqahtani, Yahya A. Alnashri, Ghaidaa E. Khouj, Ziyad I. Gadah, Mohammad A. Althubiti
Saudi Medical Journal Feb 2022, 43 (2) 177-186; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.2.20210847
Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
Bookmark this article

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Acknowledgment
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • eLetters
  • References
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • Predictive value of ferritin, glucose, urea, and creatinine for COVID-19 severity and mortality in patients from Asir, Saudi Arabia
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • Exploring communication challenges with children and parents among pharmacists in Saudi Arabia
  • Exploring hypothyroidism’s effects on lipid profiles
  • Assessment of asthma control levels in a tertiary hospital
Show more Original Article

Similar Articles

Keywords

  • ABO blood group
  • RhD
  • COVID-19
  • ethnicity
  • risk
  • prevalence

CONTENT

  • home

JOURNAL

  • home

AUTHORS

  • home
Saudi Medical Journal

© 2025 Saudi Medical Journal Saudi Medical Journal is copyright under the Berne Convention and the International Copyright Convention.  Saudi Medical Journal is an Open Access journal and articles published are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (CC BY-NC). Readers may copy, distribute, and display the work for non-commercial purposes with the proper citation of the original work. Electronic ISSN 1658-3175. Print ISSN 0379-5284.

Powered by HighWire