Phenotypical evaluation of lymphocytes and monocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia

Mamdouh Allahyani; Amani M. Alshalawi; Maram R. Alshalawii; Shahad A. Alqorashi; Abdulelah Aljuaid; Mazen M. Almehmadi; Mohammed A. Bokhary; Alhanouf S. Albrgey; Ahmad A. Alghamdi; Abdullah F. Aldairi; Ayman S. Alhazmi

doi:10.15537/smj.2023.44.3.20220873

References

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1. Alhomayani FKH,
2. Alotibi YZM,
3. Alharbi AAN,
4. Alsuwat HAM,
5. Altowairqi MHA,
6. Alotaibi HAA.
Knowledge and attitude toward diabetes mellitus complications in Saudi Arabia; a systematic review. Int J Med Dev Ctries 2020; 4: 498–503.
OpenUrl
2.↵
1. Rossboth S,
2. Lechleitner M,
3. Oberaigner W.
Risk factors for diabetic foot complications in type 2 diabetes-a systematic review. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2020; 4: e00175.
OpenUrl
3.↵
1. Aljulifi MZ.
Prevalence and reasons of increased type 2 diabetes in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries. Saudi Med J 2021; 42: 481–490.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text
4.↵
1. Boddu SK,
2. Aurangabadkar G,
3. Kuchay MS.
New onset diabetes, type 1 diabetes and COVID-19. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14: 2211–2217.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
5.↵
1. Ooi TC,
2. Mat Ludin AF,
3. Loke SC,
4. Fiatarone Singh MA,
5. Wong TW,
6. Vytialingam N, et al.
A 16-week home-based progressive resistance tube training among older adults with type-2 diabetes mellitus: effect on glycemic control. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2021; 7: 23337214211038789.
OpenUrl
6.↵
1. Fareed M,
2. Salam N,
3. Khoja AT,
4. Mahmoud MA,
5. Ahamed M.
Life style related risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its increased prevalence in Saudi Arabia: a brief review. Int J Med Res Heal Sci 2017; 6: 125–132.
OpenUrl
7.↵
1. Galaviz KI,
2. Narayan KMV,
3. Lobelo F,
4. Weber MB.
Lifestyle and the prevention of type 2 diabetes: a status report. Am J Lifestyle Med 2015; 12: 4–20.
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8.↵
1. Veit M,
2. van Asten R,
3. Olie A,
4. Prinz P.
The role of dietary sugars, overweight, and obesity in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a narrative review. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76: 1497–1501.
OpenUrl
9.↵
1. Berbudi A,
2. Rahmadika N,
3. Tjahjadi AI,
4. Ruslami R.
Type 2 diabetes and its impact on the immune system. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16: 442–449.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
10.↵
1. Juhas U,
2. Ryba-Stanisławowska M,
3. Brandt-Varma A,
4. Myśliwiec M,
5. Myśliwska J.
Monocytes of newly diagnosed juvenile DM1 patients are prone to differentiate into regulatory IL-10+ M2 macrophages. Immunol Res 2019; 67: 58–69.
OpenUrl
11.↵
1. Reijrink M,
2. van Ark J,
3. Lexis CPH,
4. Visser LM,
5. Lodewijk ME,
6. van der Horst ICC, et al.
Increased frequency of proangiogenic tunica intima endothelial kinase 2 (Tie2) expressing monocytes in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21: 72.
OpenUrl
12.↵
1. Kanter JE,
2. Hsu CC,
3. Bornfeldt KE.
Monocytes and macrophages as protagonists in vascular complications of diabetes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7: 10.
OpenUrl
13.↵
1. Miya A,
2. Nakamura A,
3. Miyoshi H,
4. Takano Y,
5. Sunagoya K,
6. Hayasaka K, et al.
Impact of glucose loading on variations in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in Japanese participants with or without type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9: 81.
OpenUrl
14.↵
1. Dwyer AJ,
2. Ritz JM,
3. Mitchell JS,
4. Martinov T,
5. Alkhatib M,
6. Silva N, et al.
Enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltrate within convex hull defined pancreatic islet borders as autoimmune diabetes progresses. Sci Rep 2021; 11: 17142.
OpenUrl
15.↵
1. Hanley P,
2. Sutter JA,
3. Goodman NG,
4. Du Y,
5. Sekiguchi DR,
6. Meng W, et al.
Circulating B cells in type 1 diabetics exhibit fewer maturation-associated phenotypes. Clin Immunol 2017; 183: 336–343.
OpenUrl
16.↵
1. Zhai X,
2. Qian G,
3. Wang Y,
4. Chen X,
5. Lu J,
6. Zhang Y, et al.
Elevated B cell activation is associated with type 2 diabetes development in obese subjects. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016; 38: 1257–1266.
OpenUrl
17.↵
1. Abdelwahab FA,
2. Hassanein KM,
3. Hetta HF,
4. Abdelmalek MO,
5. Zahran AM,
6. El-Badawy O.
Impact of deranged B cell subsets distribution in the development of HCV-related cirrhosis and HCC in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2020; 10: 20383.
OpenUrl
18.↵
1. Allahyani MA,
2. Aljuaid AA,
3. Almehmadi MM,
4. Alghamdi AA,
5. Halawani IF, et al.
Detection of erythroid progenitors and erythrocytopathies in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Saudi Med J 2022; 43: 899–906.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text
19.↵
1. Daryabor G,
2. Atashzar MR,
3. Kabelitz D,
4. Meri S,
5. Kalantar K.
The effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus on organ metabolism and the immune system. Front Immunol 2020; 11: 1582.
OpenUrl CrossRef
20.↵
1. Sanz I,
2. Wei C,
3. Jenks SA,
4. Cashman KS,
5. Tipton C,
6. Woodruff MC, et al.
Challenges and opportunities for consistent classification of human B cell and plasma cell populations. Front Immunol 2019; 10: 2458.
OpenUrl PubMed
21.↵
1. Clavarino G,
2. Delouche N,
3. Vettier C,
4. Laurin D,
5. Pernollet M,
6. Raskovalova T, et al.
Novel strategy for phenotypic characterization of human B lymphocytes from precursors to effector cells by flow cytometry. PLoS One 2016; 11: e0162209.
OpenUrl
22.↵
1. Xia C,
2. Rao X,
3. Zhong J.
Role of T lymphocytes in type 2 diabetes and diabetes-associated inflammation. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017: 6494795.
OpenUrl
23.↵
1. Agustin H,
2. Massi MN,
3. Djaharuddin I,
4. Susanto AD,
5. Islam AA,
6. Hatta M, et al.
Analysis of CD4 and CD8 expression in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis infection with diabetes mellitus: an experimental study in mice. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 68: 102596.
OpenUrl
24.↵
1. Lau EYM,
2. Carroll EC,
3. Callender LA,
4. Hood GA,
5. Berryman V,
6. Pattrick M, et al.
Type 2 diabetes is associated with the accumulation of senescent T cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 197: 205–213.
OpenUrl CrossRef
25.↵
1. Kim JH,
2. Park K,
3. Lee SB,
4. Kang S,
5. Park JS,
6. Ahn CW, et al.
Relationship between natural killer cell activity and glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10: 1223–1228.
OpenUrl
26.↵
1. Mxinwa V,
2. Dludla PV,
3. Nyambuya TM,
4. Mokgalaboni K,
5. Mazibuko-Mbeje SE,
6. Nkambule BB.
Natural killer cell levels in adults living with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies. BMC Immunol 2020; 21: 51.
OpenUrl
27.↵
1. Oh ES,
2. Na M,
3. Rogers CJ.
The association between monocyte subsets and cardiometabolic disorders/cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8: 640124.
OpenUrl
28.↵
1. Valtierra-Alvarado MA,
2. Castañeda Delgado JE,
3. Ramírez-Talavera SI,
4. Lugo-Villarino G,
5. Dueñas-Arteaga F,
6. Lugo-Sánchez A, et al.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus metabolic control correlates with the phenotype of human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34: 107708.
OpenUrl
29.↵
1. Jagannathan R,
2. Thayman M,
3. Rao SR. Proinflammatory
(CD14+CD16++) monocytes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with/without chronic periodontitis. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2019; 16: 95–103.
OpenUrl

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Keywords

[1] 1.↵
Alhomayani FKH,
Alotibi YZM,
Alharbi AAN,
Alsuwat HAM,
Altowairqi MHA,
Alotaibi HAA.
Knowledge and attitude toward diabetes mellitus complications in Saudi Arabia; a systematic review. Int J Med Dev Ctries 2020; 4: 498–503.
OpenUrl

[2] Alhomayani FKH,

[3] Alotibi YZM,

[4] Alharbi AAN,

[5] Alsuwat HAM,

[6] Altowairqi MHA,

[7] Alotaibi HAA.

[8] 2.↵
Rossboth S,
Lechleitner M,
Oberaigner W.
Risk factors for diabetic foot complications in type 2 diabetes-a systematic review. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2020; 4: e00175.
OpenUrl

[9] Rossboth S,

[10] Lechleitner M,

[11] Oberaigner W.

[12] 3.↵
Aljulifi MZ.
Prevalence and reasons of increased type 2 diabetes in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries. Saudi Med J 2021; 42: 481–490.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[13] Aljulifi MZ.

[14] 4.↵
Boddu SK,
Aurangabadkar G,
Kuchay MS.
New onset diabetes, type 1 diabetes and COVID-19. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14: 2211–2217.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[15] Boddu SK,

[16] Aurangabadkar G,

[17] Kuchay MS.

[18] 5.↵
Ooi TC,
Mat Ludin AF,
Loke SC,
Fiatarone Singh MA,
Wong TW,
Vytialingam N, et al.
A 16-week home-based progressive resistance tube training among older adults with type-2 diabetes mellitus: effect on glycemic control. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2021; 7: 23337214211038789.
OpenUrl

[19] Ooi TC,

[20] Mat Ludin AF,

[21] Loke SC,

[22] Fiatarone Singh MA,

[23] Wong TW,

[24] Vytialingam N, et al.

[25] 6.↵
Fareed M,
Salam N,
Khoja AT,
Mahmoud MA,
Ahamed M.
Life style related risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its increased prevalence in Saudi Arabia: a brief review. Int J Med Res Heal Sci 2017; 6: 125–132.
OpenUrl

[26] Fareed M,

[27] Salam N,

[28] Khoja AT,

[29] Mahmoud MA,

[30] Ahamed M.

[31] 7.↵
Galaviz KI,
Narayan KMV,
Lobelo F,
Weber MB.
Lifestyle and the prevention of type 2 diabetes: a status report. Am J Lifestyle Med 2015; 12: 4–20.
OpenUrl

[32] Galaviz KI,

[33] Narayan KMV,

[34] Lobelo F,

[35] Weber MB.

[36] 8.↵
Veit M,
van Asten R,
Olie A,
Prinz P.
The role of dietary sugars, overweight, and obesity in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a narrative review. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76: 1497–1501.
OpenUrl

[37] Veit M,

[38] van Asten R,

[39] Olie A,

[40] Prinz P.

[41] 9.↵
Berbudi A,
Rahmadika N,
Tjahjadi AI,
Ruslami R.
Type 2 diabetes and its impact on the immune system. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16: 442–449.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[42] Berbudi A,

[43] Rahmadika N,

[44] Tjahjadi AI,

[45] Ruslami R.

[46] 10.↵
Juhas U,
Ryba-Stanisławowska M,
Brandt-Varma A,
Myśliwiec M,
Myśliwska J.
Monocytes of newly diagnosed juvenile DM1 patients are prone to differentiate into regulatory IL-10+ M2 macrophages. Immunol Res 2019; 67: 58–69.
OpenUrl

[47] Juhas U,

[48] Ryba-Stanisławowska M,

[49] Brandt-Varma A,

[50] Myśliwiec M,

[51] Myśliwska J.

[52] 11.↵
Reijrink M,
van Ark J,
Lexis CPH,
Visser LM,
Lodewijk ME,
van der Horst ICC, et al.
Increased frequency of proangiogenic tunica intima endothelial kinase 2 (Tie2) expressing monocytes in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21: 72.
OpenUrl

[53] Reijrink M,

[54] van Ark J,

[55] Lexis CPH,

[56] Visser LM,

[57] Lodewijk ME,

[58] van der Horst ICC, et al.

[59] 12.↵
Kanter JE,
Hsu CC,
Bornfeldt KE.
Monocytes and macrophages as protagonists in vascular complications of diabetes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7: 10.
OpenUrl

[60] Kanter JE,

[61] Hsu CC,

[62] Bornfeldt KE.

[63] 13.↵
Miya A,
Nakamura A,
Miyoshi H,
Takano Y,
Sunagoya K,
Hayasaka K, et al.
Impact of glucose loading on variations in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in Japanese participants with or without type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9: 81.
OpenUrl

[64] Miya A,

[65] Nakamura A,

[66] Miyoshi H,

[67] Takano Y,

[68] Sunagoya K,

[69] Hayasaka K, et al.

[70] 14.↵
Dwyer AJ,
Ritz JM,
Mitchell JS,
Martinov T,
Alkhatib M,
Silva N, et al.
Enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltrate within convex hull defined pancreatic islet borders as autoimmune diabetes progresses. Sci Rep 2021; 11: 17142.
OpenUrl

[71] Dwyer AJ,

[72] Ritz JM,

[73] Mitchell JS,

[74] Martinov T,

[75] Alkhatib M,

[76] Silva N, et al.

[77] 15.↵
Hanley P,
Sutter JA,
Goodman NG,
Du Y,
Sekiguchi DR,
Meng W, et al.
Circulating B cells in type 1 diabetics exhibit fewer maturation-associated phenotypes. Clin Immunol 2017; 183: 336–343.
OpenUrl

[78] Hanley P,

[79] Sutter JA,

[80] Goodman NG,

[81] Du Y,

[82] Sekiguchi DR,

[83] Meng W, et al.

[84] 16.↵
Zhai X,
Qian G,
Wang Y,
Chen X,
Lu J,
Zhang Y, et al.
Elevated B cell activation is associated with type 2 diabetes development in obese subjects. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016; 38: 1257–1266.
OpenUrl

[85] Zhai X,

[86] Qian G,

[87] Wang Y,

[88] Chen X,

[89] Lu J,

[90] Zhang Y, et al.

[91] 17.↵
Abdelwahab FA,
Hassanein KM,
Hetta HF,
Abdelmalek MO,
Zahran AM,
El-Badawy O.
Impact of deranged B cell subsets distribution in the development of HCV-related cirrhosis and HCC in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2020; 10: 20383.
OpenUrl

[92] Abdelwahab FA,

[93] Hassanein KM,

[94] Hetta HF,

[95] Abdelmalek MO,

[96] Zahran AM,

[97] El-Badawy O.

[98] 18.↵
Allahyani MA,
Aljuaid AA,
Almehmadi MM,
Alghamdi AA,
Halawani IF, et al.
Detection of erythroid progenitors and erythrocytopathies in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Saudi Med J 2022; 43: 899–906.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[99] Allahyani MA,

[100] Aljuaid AA,

[101] Almehmadi MM,

[102] Alghamdi AA,

[103] Halawani IF, et al.

[104] 19.↵
Daryabor G,
Atashzar MR,
Kabelitz D,
Meri S,
Kalantar K.
The effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus on organ metabolism and the immune system. Front Immunol 2020; 11: 1582.
OpenUrl CrossRef

[105] Daryabor G,

[106] Atashzar MR,

[107] Kabelitz D,

[108] Meri S,

[109] Kalantar K.

[110] 20.↵
Sanz I,
Wei C,
Jenks SA,
Cashman KS,
Tipton C,
Woodruff MC, et al.
Challenges and opportunities for consistent classification of human B cell and plasma cell populations. Front Immunol 2019; 10: 2458.
OpenUrl PubMed

[111] Sanz I,

[112] Wei C,

[113] Jenks SA,

[114] Cashman KS,

[115] Tipton C,

[116] Woodruff MC, et al.

[117] 21.↵
Clavarino G,
Delouche N,
Vettier C,
Laurin D,
Pernollet M,
Raskovalova T, et al.
Novel strategy for phenotypic characterization of human B lymphocytes from precursors to effector cells by flow cytometry. PLoS One 2016; 11: e0162209.
OpenUrl

[118] Clavarino G,

[119] Delouche N,

[120] Vettier C,

[121] Laurin D,

[122] Pernollet M,

[123] Raskovalova T, et al.

[124] 22.↵
Xia C,
Rao X,
Zhong J.
Role of T lymphocytes in type 2 diabetes and diabetes-associated inflammation. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017: 6494795.
OpenUrl

[125] Xia C,

[126] Rao X,

[127] Zhong J.

[128] 23.↵
Agustin H,
Massi MN,
Djaharuddin I,
Susanto AD,
Islam AA,
Hatta M, et al.
Analysis of CD4 and CD8 expression in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis infection with diabetes mellitus: an experimental study in mice. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 68: 102596.
OpenUrl

[129] Agustin H,

[130] Massi MN,

[131] Djaharuddin I,

[132] Susanto AD,

[133] Islam AA,

[134] Hatta M, et al.

[135] 24.↵
Lau EYM,
Carroll EC,
Callender LA,
Hood GA,
Berryman V,
Pattrick M, et al.
Type 2 diabetes is associated with the accumulation of senescent T cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 197: 205–213.
OpenUrl CrossRef

[136] Lau EYM,

[137] Carroll EC,

[138] Callender LA,

[139] Hood GA,

[140] Berryman V,

[141] Pattrick M, et al.

[142] 25.↵
Kim JH,
Park K,
Lee SB,
Kang S,
Park JS,
Ahn CW, et al.
Relationship between natural killer cell activity and glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10: 1223–1228.
OpenUrl

[143] Kim JH,

[144] Park K,

[145] Lee SB,

[146] Kang S,

[147] Park JS,

[148] Ahn CW, et al.

[149] 26.↵
Mxinwa V,
Dludla PV,
Nyambuya TM,
Mokgalaboni K,
Mazibuko-Mbeje SE,
Nkambule BB.
Natural killer cell levels in adults living with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies. BMC Immunol 2020; 21: 51.
OpenUrl

[150] Mxinwa V,

[151] Dludla PV,

[152] Nyambuya TM,

[153] Mokgalaboni K,

[154] Mazibuko-Mbeje SE,

[155] Nkambule BB.

[156] 27.↵
Oh ES,
Na M,
Rogers CJ.
The association between monocyte subsets and cardiometabolic disorders/cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8: 640124.
OpenUrl

[157] Oh ES,

[158] Na M,

[159] Rogers CJ.

[160] 28.↵
Valtierra-Alvarado MA,
Castañeda Delgado JE,
Ramírez-Talavera SI,
Lugo-Villarino G,
Dueñas-Arteaga F,
Lugo-Sánchez A, et al.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus metabolic control correlates with the phenotype of human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34: 107708.
OpenUrl

[161] Valtierra-Alvarado MA,

[162] Castañeda Delgado JE,

[163] Ramírez-Talavera SI,

[164] Lugo-Villarino G,

[165] Dueñas-Arteaga F,

[166] Lugo-Sánchez A, et al.

[167] 29.↵
Jagannathan R,
Thayman M,
Rao SR. Proinflammatory
(CD14+CD16++) monocytes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with/without chronic periodontitis. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2019; 16: 95–103.
OpenUrl

[168] Jagannathan R,

[169] Thayman M,

[170] Rao SR. Proinflammatory

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Phenotypical evaluation of lymphocytes and monocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia

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Phenotypical evaluation of lymphocytes and monocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia

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