Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Metabolic and renal outcomes of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending Armed Forces Hospital in Saudi Arabia

Retrospective cohort study

Ali A. Alshahrani, Saad S. Al Qahtani, Abrar S. Al Qahtani, Saeed M. Mashhour, Zayed S. Alkhtani and Yahya M. Alragea
Saudi Medical Journal July 2023, 44 (7) 674-678; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2023.44.7.20230094

References

  1. 1.↵
    1. DeFronzo RA.
    From the triumvirate to the ominous octet: A new paradigm for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 2009; 58: 773–795.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  2. 2.↵
    1. Levine MJ.
    Empagliflozin for type 2 diabetes mellitus: An overview of phase 3 clinical trials. Curr Diabetes Rev 2017; 13: 405–423.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  3. 3.↵
    The Nuffield Department of Population Health Renal Studies Group, and SGLT2 inhibitor Meta-Analysis Cardio-Renal Trialists’ Consortium. Impact of diabetes on the effects of sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors on kidney outcomes: collaborative meta-analysis of large placebo-controlled trials. Lancet 2022; 400: 1788–1801.
    OpenUrl
  4. 4.↵
    1. Packer M,
    2. Anker SD,
    3. Butler J,
    4. Filippatos G,
    5. Pocock SJ,
    6. Carson P, et al.
    Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure. N Engl J Med 2020; 383: 1413–1424.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  5. 5.↵
    1. Liyanage T,
    2. Ninomiya T,
    3. Jha V,
    4. Neal B,
    5. Patrice HM,
    6. Okpechi I, et al.
    Worldwide access to treatment for end-stage kidney disease: a systematic review. Lancet 2015; 385: 1975–1982.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  6. 6.↵
    1. Neuen BL,
    2. Young T,
    3. Heerspink HJL,
    4. Neal B,
    5. Perkovic V,
    6. Billot L, et al.
    SGLT2 inhibitors for the prevention of kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2019; 7: 845–854.
    OpenUrl
  7. 7.↵
    1. Ghosh A,
    2. Gupta R,
    3. Singh P,
    4. Dutta A,
    5. Misra A.
    Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes in North India: A 12-month prospective study in real-world setting. Int J Clin Pract 2018; 72: e13237.
    OpenUrl
  8. 8.↵
    1. Brown RE,
    2. Gupta N,
    3. Aronson R.
    Effect of dapagliflozin on glycemic control, weight, and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes attending a specialist endocrinology practice in Canada: a retrospective cohort analysis. Diabetes Technol Ther 2017; 19: 685–691.
    OpenUrl
  9. 9.↵
    1. Bailey CJ,
    2. Gross JL,
    3. Pieters A,
    4. Bastien A,
    5. List JF.
    Effect of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycaemic control with metformin: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2010; 375: 2223–2233.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  10. 10.
    1. Strojek K,
    2. Yoon KH,
    3. Hruba V,
    4. Elze M,
    5. Langkilde AM,
    6. Parikh S.
    Effect of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycaemic control with glimepiride: a randomized, 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2011; 13: 928–938.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  11. 11.↵
    1. Jabbour SA,
    2. Hardy E,
    3. Sugg J,
    4. Parikh S,
    5. Group S.
    Dapagliflozin is effective as add-on therapy to sitagliptin with or without metformin: A 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Diabetes Care 2014; 37: 740–750.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  12. 12.↵
    1. Bolinder J,
    2. Ljunggren Ö,
    3. Johansson L,
    4. Wilding J,
    5. Langkilde AM,
    6. Sjöström CD, et al.
    Dapagliflozin maintains glycaemic control while reducing weight and body fat mass over 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014; 16: 159–169.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  13. 13.↵
    1. List JF,
    2. Woo V,
    3. Morales E,
    4. Tang W,
    5. Fiedorek FT.
    Sodium-glucose cotransport inhibition with dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care 2009; 32: 650–657.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  14. 14.↵
    1. Leiter LA,
    2. Berard L,
    3. Bowering CK,
    4. Cheng AY,
    5. Dawson KG,
    6. Ekoé JM, et al.
    Type 2 diabetes mellitus management in Canada: is it improving? Can J Diabetes 2013; 37: 82–89.
    OpenUrl
  15. 15.↵
    1. Matthaei S,
    2. Bowering K,
    3. Rohwedder K,
    4. Sugg J,
    5. Parikh S,
    6. Johnsson E, et al.
    Durability and tolerability of dapagliflozin over 52 weeks as add-on to metformin and sulphonylurea in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17: 1075–1084.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  16. 16.↵
    1. Basu D,
    2. Huggins LA,
    3. Scerbo D,
    4. Obunike J,
    5. Mullick AE,
    6. Rothenberg PL, et al.
    Mechanism of increased LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and decreased triglycerides with SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibition. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38: 2207–2216.
    OpenUrl
  17. 17.↵
    1. Shin Y,
    2. Moon JH,
    3. Chin HJ,
    4. Ferrannini E,
    5. Lim S.
    Glycemic efficacy and metabolic consequences of an empagliflozin add-on versus conventional dose-increasing strategy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin and sulfonylurea. Endocrinol Metab 2020; 35: 329–338.
    OpenUrl
  18. 18.
    1. Weber MA,
    2. Mansfield TA,
    3. Alessi F,
    4. Iqbal N,
    5. Parikh S,
    6. Ptaszynska A.
    Effects of dapagliflozin on blood pressure in hypertensive diabetic patients on renin–angiotensin system blockade. Blood Pressure 2016; 25: 93–103.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  19. 19.
    1. Zinman B,
    2. Wanner C,
    3. Lachin JM,
    4. Fitchett D,
    5. Bluhmki E,
    6. Hantel S, et al.
    Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015; 373: 2117–2128.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  20. 20.
    1. Wiviott SD,
    2. Raz I,
    3. Bonaca MP,
    4. Mosenzon O,
    5. Kato ET,
    6. Cahn A, et al.
    Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2019; 380: 347–357.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  21. 21.
    1. Neal B,
    2. Perkovic V,
    3. Mahaffey KW,
    4. De Zeeuw D,
    5. Fulcher G,
    6. Erondu N, et al.
    Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2017; 377: 644–657.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  22. 22.↵
    1. Wilding J,
    2. Bailey C,
    3. Rigney U,
    4. Blak B,
    5. Beekman W,
    6. Emmas C.
    Glycated hemoglobin, body weight and blood pressure in type 2 diabetes patients initiating dapagliflozin treatment in primary care: a retrospective study. Diabetes Ther 2016; 7: 695–711.
    OpenUrl
  23. 23.↵
    1. Muskiet M,
    2. van Bommel E,
    3. van Raalte D.
    Antihypertensive effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2016; 4: 188–189.
    OpenUrl
  24. 24.
    1. Cherney DZ,
    2. Perkins BA,
    3. Soleymanlou N,
    4. Maione M,
    5. Lai V,
    6. Lee A, et al.
    Renal hemodynamic effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Circulation 2014; 129: 587–597.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  25. 25.
    1. Lim S,
    2. Eckel RH,
    3. Koh KK.
    Clinical implications of current cardiovascular outcome trials with sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Atherosclerosis 2018; 272: 33–40.
    OpenUrl
  26. 26.↵
    1. Lee SJ,
    2. Lee KH,
    3. Oh HG,
    4. Seo HJ,
    5. Jeong SJ,
    6. Kim CH.
    Effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors on cardiovascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. J Obes Metab Syndr 2019; 28: 254–261.
    OpenUrl
  27. 27.↵
    1. Heerspink HJ,
    2. Perkins BA,
    3. Fitchett DH,
    4. Husain M,
    5. Cherney DZ.
    Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the treatment of diabetes mellitus: cardiovascular and kidney effects, potential mechanisms, and clinical applications. Circulation 2016; 134: 752–72.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  28. 28.↵
    1. Fitchett DH.
    Empagliflozin and cardio-renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease–implications for clinical practice. Eur Endocrinol 2018; 14: 40–49.
    OpenUrl
  29. 29.↵
    1. Wanner C,
    2. Inzucchi SE,
    3. Lachin JM,
    4. Fitchett D,
    5. von Eynatten M,
    6. Mattheus M, et al.
    Empagliflozin and progression of kidney disease in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2016; 375: 323–334.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  30. 30.↵
    1. Mirabelli M,
    2. Chiefari E,
    3. Caroleo P,
    4. Vero R,
    5. Brunetti FS,
    6. Corigliano DM, et al.
    Long-term effectiveness and safety of SGLT-2 inhibitors in an Italian cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019: 3971060.
    OpenUrl
Back to top

In this issue

Print
Download PDF
Email Article
Citation Tools
Bookmark this article

Jump to section

Keywords