Comparison of lidocaine viscous gargle and topical application on laryngeal mask airway in general anesthesia: A randomized clinical trial

Yan Peng; Ju Qian; Yiqun Mao

doi:10.15537/smj.2024.45.1.20230368

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Figure 1
- Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) flow diagram of patient inclusion. Group G: lidocaine viscous gargle, Group T: lidocaine viscous topical application on laryngeal mask airway.

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Table 1

- Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients.

Parameters	Group G (n=45)	Group T (n=45)	P-values
Age (years), mean±SD	51.5±11.9	52.6±11.3	0.663
Gender
Female	17 (37.8)	18 (40.0)	0.829
Male	28 (62.2)	27 (60.0)	0.829
BMI (kg/m²), mean±SD	23.8±2.4	24.5±2.6	0.205
Height (cm), mean±SD	166.8±7.7	165.3±8.5	0.380
Weight (kg), mean±SD	66.6±10.0	67.4±12.4	0.713
ASA grade
I	35 (77.8)	36 (80.0)	0.796
II	10 (22.2)	9 (20.0)	0.796
Mallampati grade
I	18 (40.0)	16 (35.6)	0.664
II	27 (60.0)	29 (64.4)	0.664
MAP (mmHg), mean±SD
Before LMA	91.0±2.8	89.2±3.4	0.090
Change score after LMA insertion^{^*}	2.3±1.5	1.8±1.2	0.315
HR (beats per minute), mean±SD
Pre-op	72.6±8.1	71.6±7.4	0.562
Change score after LMA insertion^{^*}	1.5±1.3	2.2±1.5	0.077
Operative time (minutes), mean±SD	54.5±26.6	60.8±28.2	0.281
Airway pressure (cmH₂O), mean±SD	14.4±2.0	15.5±2.4	0.240
LMA cuff pressure (cmH₂O), mean±SD	60.2±5.6	59.3±7.3	0.074
One-attempt success	43 (95.6)	41 (91.1)	0.673
Blood on laryngeal mask	2 (4.4)	4 (8.9)	0.673

Values are presented as numbers and precentages (%) or mean ± standard deviation (SD).

Group G: lidocaine viscous gargle, Group T: lidocaine viscous topical application of LMA, BMI: body mass index, ASA:, American Society of Anesthesiologists, MAP: mean arterial pressure, LMA: laryngeal mask airway, HR: heart rate, Pre-op: pre-operation

↵^* Difference in values between T1 and T0 (T1-T0).

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Table 2

- Comparison of postoperative sore throat between the 2 groups.

Outcomes	T2			T3
Outcomes	Group G (n=45)	Group T (n=45)	P-values	Group G (n=45)	Group T (n=45)	P-values
POST	5 (11.1)	13 (28.9)	0.063	5 (11.1)	11 (24.4)	0.167
Number of patients with a NRS of:
0	40 (88.9)	32 (71.1)	0.020^{^†}	40 (88.9)	34 (22.2)	0.060^{^†}
1	2 (4.4)	1 (2.2)		5 (4.4)	3 (6.7)
2	2 (4.4)	2 (2.7)		0 (0.0)	6 (13.3)
3	1 (2.2)	7 (4.4)		0 (0.0)	1 (2.2)
4	0 (0.0)	3 (6.7)		0 (0.0)	1 (2.2)
5-10	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)

Values are presented as numbers and precentages (%). Event number of POST was number of patients who rated ≥1 on the numeric rating scale.

POST: postoperative sore throat, T2: immediately after removal of laryngeal mask airway, T3: one hour after removal of LMA, Group G: lidocaine viscous gargle, Group T: lidocaine viscous topical application on laryngeal mask airway, NRS: numeric rating scale (range 0-10; a higher score indicates worse pain)

↵^† P-values based on the number of patients with NRS score of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 as categorical variables.

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Table 3
- Comparison of postoperative pharynx dryness between the 2 groups.
Time Group G (n=45) Group T (n=45) P-values
T2 7 (15.6) 34 (75.6) <0.001
T3 3 (6.7) 21 (46.7) <0.001
T4 2 (4.4) 9 (20.0) 0.024
Values are presented as numbers and precentages (%). Group G: lidocaine viscous gargle, Group T: lidocaine viscous topical application of laryngeal mask airway, T2: immediately after removal of laryngeal mask airway, T3: one hour after removal of laryngeal mask airway, T4: 24 hours after removal of laryngeal mask airway