Course and predictors of excellent response to therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer at long-term follow-up

Shaza A. Samargandy; Ghofran N. Qorban; Arwa K. Aljadani; Salihah S. Almufarji; Abdulrahman M. Azab; Mazin A. Merdad; Marwan R. Al-Hajeili; Saad J. Samargandy

doi:10.15537/smj.2024.45.2.20230596

References

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1. Van Den Heede K,
2. Tolley NS,
3. Di Marco AN,
4. Palazzo FF
. Differentiated thyroid cancer: a health economic review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13: 2253.
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2.↵
1. Flemban AF,
2. Kabrah S,
3. Alahmadi H,
4. Alqurashi RK,
5. Turaes AS,
6. Almaghrabi R, et al.
Patterns of thyroid cancer mortality and incidence in Saudi Arabia: a 30-year study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12: 2716.
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3.↵
1. Samargandy S,
2. Qari R,
3. Aljadani A,
4. Assaqaf D Sr.,
5. Etaiwi A,
6. Alghamdi D, et al.
Clinicopathological characteristics of thyroid cancer in a Saudi academic hospital. Cureus 2020; 12: e8044.
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4.↵
1. Kitahara CM,
2. Schneider AB
. Epidemiology of thyroid cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31: 1284-1297.
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5.↵
1. Haugen BR,
2. Alexander EK,
3. Bible KC,
4. Doherty GM,
5. Mandel SJ,
6. Nikiforov YE, et al.
2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: the American Thyroid Association guidelines task force on thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2016; 26: 1-133.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
6.↵
1. Jeon MJ,
2. Kim M,
3. Park S,
4. Oh HS,
5. Kim TY,
6. Kim WB, et al.
A follow-up strategy for patients with an excellent response to initial therapy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma: less is better. Thyroid 2018; 28: 187-192.
OpenUrl
7.↵
1. Samargandy SA,
2. Merdad MA
. Predictors of persistent disease following initial thyroid cancer management. Saudi Med J 2020; 41: 808-812.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text
8.↵
1. Alzahrani AS,
2. Mukhtar N
. Incomplete response to therapy in intermediate- and high-risk thyroid cancer. Endocrine 2022; 78: 531-542.
OpenUrl
9.↵
1. Van Velsen EFS,
2. Stegenga MT,
3. van Kemenade FJ,
4. Kam BLR,
5. van Ginhoven TM,
6. Visser WE, et al.
Evaluating the 2015 American Thyroid Association risk stratification system in high-risk papillary and follicular thyroid cancer patients. Thyroid 2019; 29: 1073-1079.
OpenUrl
10.↵
1. Genpeng L,
2. Yuting S,
3. Xinyi W,
4. Tao W,
5. Rixiang G,
6. Zhihui L, et al.
Assessment of age as different variable types for determining survival in differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocrine 2022; 78: 104-113.
OpenUrl
11.↵
1. Van Velsen EFS,
2. Peeters RP,
3. Stegenga MT,
4. van Kemenade FJ,
5. van Ginhoven TM,
6. Verburg FA, et al.
The influence of age on disease outcome in 2015 ATA high-risk differentiated thyroid cancer patients. Eur J Endocrinol 2021; 185: 421-429.
OpenUrl
12.↵
1. Shah S,
2. Boucai L
. Effect of age on response to therapy and mortality in patients with thyroid cancer at high risk of recurrence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103: 689-697.
OpenUrl
13.↵
1. Ghaznavi SA,
2. Ganly I,
3. Shaha AR,
4. English C,
5. Wills J,
6. Tuttle RM
. Using the American Thyroid Association risk-stratification system to refine and individualize the American Joint Committee on cancer 8th edition disease-specific survival estimates in differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2018; 28: 1293-1300.
OpenUrl
14.↵
1. Ranganath R,
2. Dhillon VK,
3. Shaear M,
4. Rooper L,
5. Russell JO,
6. Tufano RP
. Unusual locations for differentiated thyroid cancer nodal metastasis. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 6: 176-181.
OpenUrl
15.↵
1. Randolph GW,
2. Duh QY,
3. Heller KS,
4. LiVolsi VA,
5. Mandel SJ,
6. Steward DL, et al.
The prognostic significance of nodal metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma can be stratified based on the size and number of metastatic lymph nodes, as well as the presence of extranodal extension. Thyroid 2012; 22: 1144-1152.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science
16.↵
1. Sun JH,
2. Li YR,
3. Chang KH,
4. Liou MJ,
5. Lin SF,
6. Tsai SS, et al.
Evaluation of recurrence risk in patients with papillary thyroid cancer through tumor-node-metastasis staging: a single-center observational study in Taiwan. Biomed J 2022; 45: 923-930.
OpenUrl
17.↵
1. Mendoza ES,
2. Lopez AA,
3. Valdez VA,
4. Cunanan EC,
5. Matawaran BJ,
6. Kho SA, et al.
Predictors of incomplete response to therapy among Filipino patients with papillary thyroid cancer in a tertiary hospital. J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39: 55-62.
OpenUrl
18.↵
1. Vuong HG,
2. Kondo T,
3. Duong UNP,
4. Pham TQ,
5. Oishi N,
6. Mochizuki K, et al.
Prognostic impact of vascular invasion in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 177: 207-216.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text
19.↵
1. Weber M,
2. Binse I,
3. Oebbecke K,
4. Brandenburg T,
5. Herrmann K,
6. Theurer S, et al.
Analysis of risk factors and prognosis in differentiated thyroid cancer with focus on minimal extrathyroidal extension. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21: 161.
OpenUrl
20.↵
1. Parvathareddy SK,
2. Siraj AK,
3. Qadri Z,
4. DeVera F,
5. Siddiqui K,
6. Al-Sobhi SS, et al.
Microscopic extrathyroidal extension results in increased rate of tumor recurrence and is an independent predictor of patient’s outcome in Middle Eastern papillary thyroid carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11: 724432.
OpenUrl
21.↵
1. Bortz MD,
2. Kuchta K,
3. Winchester DJ,
4. Prinz RA,
5. Moo-Young TA
. Extrathyroidal extension predicts negative clinical outcomes in papillary thyroid cancer. Surgery 2021; 169: 2-6.
OpenUrl
22.↵
1. Zhang D,
2. Tang J,
3. Kong D,
4. Cui Q,
5. Wang K,
6. Gong Y, et al.
Impact of gender and age on the prognosis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a retrospective analysis based on SEER. Horm Cancer 2018; 9: 361-370.
OpenUrl
23.↵
1. Zahedi A,
2. Bondaz L,
3. Rajaraman M,
4. Leslie WD,
5. Jefford C,
6. Young JE, et al.
Risk for thyroid cancer recurrence is higher in men than in women independent of disease stage at presentation. Thyroid 2020; 30: 871-877.
OpenUrl
24.↵
1. Kim HJ,
2. Sohn SY,
3. Jang HW,
4. Kim SW,
5. Chung JH
. Multifocality, but not bilaterality, is a predictor of disease recurrence/persistence of papillary thyroid carcinoma. World J Surg 2013; 37: 376-384.
OpenUrl
25.↵
1. Woo J,
2. Kim H,
3. Kwon H
. Impact of multifocality on the recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Med 2021; 10: 5144.
OpenUrl
26.↵
1. Choi WR,
2. Roh JL,
3. Gong G,
4. Cho KJ,
5. Choi SH,
6. Nam SY, et al.
Multifocality of papillary thyroid carcinoma as a risk factor for disease recurrence. Oral Oncol 2019; 94: 106-110.
OpenUrl
27.↵
1. Tran B,
2. Roshan D,
3. Abraham E,
4. Wang L,
5. Garibotto N,
6. Wykes J, et al.
The prognostic impact of tumor size in papillary thyroid carcinoma is modified by age. Thyroid 2018; 28: 991-996.
OpenUrl
28.↵
1. Alzahrani AS,
2. Moria Y,
3. Mukhtar N,
4. Aljamei H,
5. Mazi S,
6. Albalawi L, et al.
Course and predictive factors of incomplete response to therapy in low- and intermediate-risk thyroid cancer. J Endocr Soc 2020; 5: bvaa178.
OpenUrl

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Keywords

[1] 1.↵
Van Den Heede K,
Tolley NS,
Di Marco AN,
Palazzo FF
. Differentiated thyroid cancer: a health economic review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13: 2253.
OpenUrl

[2] Van Den Heede K,

[3] Tolley NS,

[4] Di Marco AN,

[5] Palazzo FF

[6] 2.↵
Flemban AF,
Kabrah S,
Alahmadi H,
Alqurashi RK,
Turaes AS,
Almaghrabi R, et al.
Patterns of thyroid cancer mortality and incidence in Saudi Arabia: a 30-year study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12: 2716.
OpenUrl

[7] Flemban AF,

[8] Kabrah S,

[9] Alahmadi H,

[10] Alqurashi RK,

[11] Turaes AS,

[12] Almaghrabi R, et al.

[13] 3.↵
Samargandy S,
Qari R,
Aljadani A,
Assaqaf D Sr.,
Etaiwi A,
Alghamdi D, et al.
Clinicopathological characteristics of thyroid cancer in a Saudi academic hospital. Cureus 2020; 12: e8044.
OpenUrl

[14] Samargandy S,

[15] Qari R,

[16] Aljadani A,

[17] Assaqaf D Sr.,

[18] Etaiwi A,

[19] Alghamdi D, et al.

[20] 4.↵
Kitahara CM,
Schneider AB
. Epidemiology of thyroid cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31: 1284-1297.
OpenUrl

[21] Kitahara CM,

[22] Schneider AB

[23] 5.↵
Haugen BR,
Alexander EK,
Bible KC,
Doherty GM,
Mandel SJ,
Nikiforov YE, et al.
2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: the American Thyroid Association guidelines task force on thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2016; 26: 1-133.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[24] Haugen BR,

[25] Alexander EK,

[26] Bible KC,

[27] Doherty GM,

[28] Mandel SJ,

[29] Nikiforov YE, et al.

[30] 6.↵
Jeon MJ,
Kim M,
Park S,
Oh HS,
Kim TY,
Kim WB, et al.
A follow-up strategy for patients with an excellent response to initial therapy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma: less is better. Thyroid 2018; 28: 187-192.
OpenUrl

[31] Jeon MJ,

[32] Kim M,

[33] Park S,

[34] Oh HS,

[35] Kim TY,

[36] Kim WB, et al.

[37] 7.↵
Samargandy SA,
Merdad MA
. Predictors of persistent disease following initial thyroid cancer management. Saudi Med J 2020; 41: 808-812.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[38] Samargandy SA,

[39] Merdad MA

[40] 8.↵
Alzahrani AS,
Mukhtar N
. Incomplete response to therapy in intermediate- and high-risk thyroid cancer. Endocrine 2022; 78: 531-542.
OpenUrl

[41] Alzahrani AS,

[42] Mukhtar N

[43] 9.↵
Van Velsen EFS,
Stegenga MT,
van Kemenade FJ,
Kam BLR,
van Ginhoven TM,
Visser WE, et al.
Evaluating the 2015 American Thyroid Association risk stratification system in high-risk papillary and follicular thyroid cancer patients. Thyroid 2019; 29: 1073-1079.
OpenUrl

[44] Van Velsen EFS,

[45] Stegenga MT,

[46] van Kemenade FJ,

[47] Kam BLR,

[48] van Ginhoven TM,

[49] Visser WE, et al.

[50] 10.↵
Genpeng L,
Yuting S,
Xinyi W,
Tao W,
Rixiang G,
Zhihui L, et al.
Assessment of age as different variable types for determining survival in differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocrine 2022; 78: 104-113.
OpenUrl

[51] Genpeng L,

[52] Yuting S,

[53] Xinyi W,

[54] Tao W,

[55] Rixiang G,

[56] Zhihui L, et al.

[57] 11.↵
Van Velsen EFS,
Peeters RP,
Stegenga MT,
van Kemenade FJ,
van Ginhoven TM,
Verburg FA, et al.
The influence of age on disease outcome in 2015 ATA high-risk differentiated thyroid cancer patients. Eur J Endocrinol 2021; 185: 421-429.
OpenUrl

[58] Van Velsen EFS,

[59] Peeters RP,

[60] Stegenga MT,

[61] van Kemenade FJ,

[62] van Ginhoven TM,

[63] Verburg FA, et al.

[64] 12.↵
Shah S,
Boucai L
. Effect of age on response to therapy and mortality in patients with thyroid cancer at high risk of recurrence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103: 689-697.
OpenUrl

[65] Shah S,

[66] Boucai L

[67] 13.↵
Ghaznavi SA,
Ganly I,
Shaha AR,
English C,
Wills J,
Tuttle RM
. Using the American Thyroid Association risk-stratification system to refine and individualize the American Joint Committee on cancer 8th edition disease-specific survival estimates in differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2018; 28: 1293-1300.
OpenUrl

[68] Ghaznavi SA,

[69] Ganly I,

[70] Shaha AR,

[71] English C,

[72] Wills J,

[73] Tuttle RM

[74] 14.↵
Ranganath R,
Dhillon VK,
Shaear M,
Rooper L,
Russell JO,
Tufano RP
. Unusual locations for differentiated thyroid cancer nodal metastasis. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 6: 176-181.
OpenUrl

[75] Ranganath R,

[76] Dhillon VK,

[77] Shaear M,

[78] Rooper L,

[79] Russell JO,

[80] Tufano RP

[81] 15.↵
Randolph GW,
Duh QY,
Heller KS,
LiVolsi VA,
Mandel SJ,
Steward DL, et al.
The prognostic significance of nodal metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma can be stratified based on the size and number of metastatic lymph nodes, as well as the presence of extranodal extension. Thyroid 2012; 22: 1144-1152.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science

[82] Randolph GW,

[83] Duh QY,

[84] Heller KS,

[85] LiVolsi VA,

[86] Mandel SJ,

[87] Steward DL, et al.

[88] 16.↵
Sun JH,
Li YR,
Chang KH,
Liou MJ,
Lin SF,
Tsai SS, et al.
Evaluation of recurrence risk in patients with papillary thyroid cancer through tumor-node-metastasis staging: a single-center observational study in Taiwan. Biomed J 2022; 45: 923-930.
OpenUrl

[89] Sun JH,

[90] Li YR,

[91] Chang KH,

[92] Liou MJ,

[93] Lin SF,

[94] Tsai SS, et al.

[95] 17.↵
Mendoza ES,
Lopez AA,
Valdez VA,
Cunanan EC,
Matawaran BJ,
Kho SA, et al.
Predictors of incomplete response to therapy among Filipino patients with papillary thyroid cancer in a tertiary hospital. J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39: 55-62.
OpenUrl

[96] Mendoza ES,

[97] Lopez AA,

[98] Valdez VA,

[99] Cunanan EC,

[100] Matawaran BJ,

[101] Kho SA, et al.

[102] 18.↵
Vuong HG,
Kondo T,
Duong UNP,
Pham TQ,
Oishi N,
Mochizuki K, et al.
Prognostic impact of vascular invasion in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 177: 207-216.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[103] Vuong HG,

[104] Kondo T,

[105] Duong UNP,

[106] Pham TQ,

[107] Oishi N,

[108] Mochizuki K, et al.

[109] 19.↵
Weber M,
Binse I,
Oebbecke K,
Brandenburg T,
Herrmann K,
Theurer S, et al.
Analysis of risk factors and prognosis in differentiated thyroid cancer with focus on minimal extrathyroidal extension. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21: 161.
OpenUrl

[110] Weber M,

[111] Binse I,

[112] Oebbecke K,

[113] Brandenburg T,

[114] Herrmann K,

[115] Theurer S, et al.

[116] 20.↵
Parvathareddy SK,
Siraj AK,
Qadri Z,
DeVera F,
Siddiqui K,
Al-Sobhi SS, et al.
Microscopic extrathyroidal extension results in increased rate of tumor recurrence and is an independent predictor of patient’s outcome in Middle Eastern papillary thyroid carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11: 724432.
OpenUrl

[117] Parvathareddy SK,

[118] Siraj AK,

[119] Qadri Z,

[120] DeVera F,

[121] Siddiqui K,

[122] Al-Sobhi SS, et al.

[123] 21.↵
Bortz MD,
Kuchta K,
Winchester DJ,
Prinz RA,
Moo-Young TA
. Extrathyroidal extension predicts negative clinical outcomes in papillary thyroid cancer. Surgery 2021; 169: 2-6.
OpenUrl

[124] Bortz MD,

[125] Kuchta K,

[126] Winchester DJ,

[127] Prinz RA,

[128] Moo-Young TA

[129] 22.↵
Zhang D,
Tang J,
Kong D,
Cui Q,
Wang K,
Gong Y, et al.
Impact of gender and age on the prognosis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a retrospective analysis based on SEER. Horm Cancer 2018; 9: 361-370.
OpenUrl

[130] Zhang D,

[131] Tang J,

[132] Kong D,

[133] Cui Q,

[134] Wang K,

[135] Gong Y, et al.

[136] 23.↵
Zahedi A,
Bondaz L,
Rajaraman M,
Leslie WD,
Jefford C,
Young JE, et al.
Risk for thyroid cancer recurrence is higher in men than in women independent of disease stage at presentation. Thyroid 2020; 30: 871-877.
OpenUrl

[137] Zahedi A,

[138] Bondaz L,

[139] Rajaraman M,

[140] Leslie WD,

[141] Jefford C,

[142] Young JE, et al.

[143] 24.↵
Kim HJ,
Sohn SY,
Jang HW,
Kim SW,
Chung JH
. Multifocality, but not bilaterality, is a predictor of disease recurrence/persistence of papillary thyroid carcinoma. World J Surg 2013; 37: 376-384.
OpenUrl

[144] Kim HJ,

[145] Sohn SY,

[146] Jang HW,

[147] Kim SW,

[148] Chung JH

[149] 25.↵
Woo J,
Kim H,
Kwon H
. Impact of multifocality on the recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Med 2021; 10: 5144.
OpenUrl

[150] Woo J,

[151] Kim H,

[152] Kwon H

[153] 26.↵
Choi WR,
Roh JL,
Gong G,
Cho KJ,
Choi SH,
Nam SY, et al.
Multifocality of papillary thyroid carcinoma as a risk factor for disease recurrence. Oral Oncol 2019; 94: 106-110.
OpenUrl

[154] Choi WR,

[155] Roh JL,

[156] Gong G,

[157] Cho KJ,

[158] Choi SH,

[159] Nam SY, et al.

[160] 27.↵
Tran B,
Roshan D,
Abraham E,
Wang L,
Garibotto N,
Wykes J, et al.
The prognostic impact of tumor size in papillary thyroid carcinoma is modified by age. Thyroid 2018; 28: 991-996.
OpenUrl

[161] Tran B,

[162] Roshan D,

[163] Abraham E,

[164] Wang L,

[165] Garibotto N,

[166] Wykes J, et al.

[167] 28.↵
Alzahrani AS,
Moria Y,
Mukhtar N,
Aljamei H,
Mazi S,
Albalawi L, et al.
Course and predictive factors of incomplete response to therapy in low- and intermediate-risk thyroid cancer. J Endocr Soc 2020; 5: bvaa178.
OpenUrl

[168] Alzahrani AS,

[169] Moria Y,

[170] Mukhtar N,

[171] Aljamei H,

[172] Mazi S,

[173] Albalawi L, et al.

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Course and predictors of excellent response to therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer at long-term follow-up

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