Risk factors for severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a Chinese cohort of very preterm infants

From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.