Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access
Risk factors for severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a Chinese cohort of very preterm infants
Jing Huang, Wei Shen, Fan Wu, Jian Mao, Ling Liu, Yanmei Chang, Rong Zhang, Xiuzhen Ye, Yinping Qiu, Li Ma, Rui Cheng, Hui Wu, Dongmei Chen, Ling Chen, Ping Xu, Hua Mei, Sannan Wang, Falin Xu, Rong Ju, Zhi Zheng, Xinzhu Lin and Xiaomei Tong
Saudi Medical Journal April 2024, 45 (4) 369-378; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2024.45.4.20230741
Jing Huang
From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
MScWei Shen
From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
MD, PhDFan Wu
From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
MD, PhDJian Mao
From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
MD, PhDLing Liu
From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
MD, PhDYanmei Chang
From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
MD, PhDRong Zhang
From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
MD, PhDXiuzhen Ye
From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
MScYinping Qiu
From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
MBBSLi Ma
From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
MD, PhDRui Cheng
From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
MD, PhDHui Wu
From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
MD, PhDDongmei Chen
From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
MScLing Chen
From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
MD, PhDPing Xu
From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
MBBSHua Mei
From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
MScSannan Wang
From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
MBBSFalin Xu
From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
MD, PhDRong Ju
From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
MD, PhDZhi Zheng
From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
MBBSXinzhu Lin
From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
MBBSXiaomei Tong
From the Department of Neonatology (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, from the Xiamen Key Laboratory of Perinatal-Neonatal Infection (Huang, Shen, Zheng, Lin), Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Wu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (Mao), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, from the Department of Neonatology (Liu), Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, from the Department of Pediatrics (Chang, Tong), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, from the Department of Neonatology (Zhang), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, from the Department of Neonatology (Ye), Guangdong Province Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (Qiu), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, from the Department of Neonatology (Ma), Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, from the Department of Neonatology (Cheng), Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, from the Department of Neonatology (H. Wu), The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, from the Department of Neonatology (D. Chen), Quanzhou Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, from the Department of Pediatrics (L. Chen), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, from the Department of Neonatology (P. Xu), Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, from the Department of Neonatology (Mei), the Affiliate Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, from the Department of Neonatology (Wang), Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, from the Department of Neonatology (F. Xu), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, and from the Department of Neonatology (Ju), Chengdu Women’ and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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