Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
- Plot box illustrates the difference between males and females in responding to stress using the perceived stress scale.
- Figure 2
- The plot box illustrates the variation in asthma control levels between males and females, as measured by the asthma control scale.
Tables
Variables n (%) Cronbach’s alpha Reliability Stress scale (n=10) 733 (100) 0.728 Asthma scale (n=5) 733 (100) 0.819 Frequency Age 733 (100) Gender 733 (100) Region 733 (100) Valid missing 0 (0.0) Age (years) 18-25 357 (48.7) 26-39 198 (27.0) 40 and older 178 (24.3) Gender Male 352 (48) Female 381 (52) Regions Northern 11 (1.5) Western 340 (46.4) Southern 181 (24.7) Central 75 (10.2) Eastern 126 (17.2) Values are presented as numbers and percentages (%). Cronbach’s alpha test shows high internal consistency in stress and asthma scales.
Variables n (%) Stress category Low 14 (1.9) Moderate 93 (12.7) High 626 (85.4) Total 733 (100) Asthma category Uncontrolled 149 (20.3) Partial controlled 184 (25.1) Complete control 400 (54.6) Total 733 (100) Correlations Stress level (n=733) Pearson correlation -0.22 stress, 1.0 asthma Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000 Asthma scale (n=733) Pearson correlation 1.0 stress, -0.22 asthma Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000 Values are presented as numbers and percentages (%).
- Table 3
- Mean score, standard deviation, frequency, and p-value of stress and asthma association regarding age and gender.
Variables Mean±SD F P-values Stress level Age group (years) 18-25 31.2464±6.45910 0.110 0.896 26-39 31.2778±4.94319 40+ 31.0281±4.95223 Total 31.2019±5.72767 Asthma Age group (years) 18-25 19.4454±4.78592 0.698 0.498 26-39 19.1818±4.33698 40+ 19.7416±4.44051 Total 19.4461±4.58364 Stress category Gender Male 30.1250±5.8379 1.291 <0.001 Female 32.1969±5.4449 Asthma category Gender Male 20.0881±4.42483 1.165 <0.001 Female 18.853±4.65317 Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). P-values regarding gender is <0.05 consider significant.
Asthma category Stress category P-values Low Moderate High A1 A1-1 2 (11.0) 3 (16.0) 14 (74.0) 0.002 A1-2 0 (0.0) 8 (9.4) 77 (91.0) A1-3 0 (0.0) 15 (10.0) 140 (90.3) A1-4 1 (0.6) 29 (18.0) 131 (81.4) A1-5 11 (3.5) 38 (12.1) 264 (84.3) A2 A2-1 0 (0.0) 4 (18.2) 18 (82.0) 0.001 A2-2 0 (0.0) 5 (6.0) 79 (94.0) A2-3 0 (0.0) 20 (11.4) 155 (89.0) A2-4 2 (0.9) 26 (12.3) 183 (87.0) A2-5 12 (5.0) 38 (16.0) 191 (79.3) A3 A3-1 0 (0.0) 3 (8.1) 34 (92.0) 0.015 A3-2 0 (0.0) 9 (10.1) 80 (90.0) A3-3 0 (0.0) 11 (18.0) 51 (82.3) A3-4 0 (0.0) 27 (13.4) 174 (87.0) A3-5 14 (4.1) 43 (13.0) 287 (83.4) A4 A4-1 0 (0.0) 3 (9.0) 31 (91.2) 0.097 A4-2 0 (0.0) 7 (12.3) 50 (88.0) A4-3 0 (0.0) 17 (21.0) 64 (79.0) A4-4 1 (0.7) 18 (12.4) 126 (90.0) A4-5 13 (3.1) 48 (12.0) 355 (85.3) A5 A5-1 6 (7.1) 14 (17.0) 64 (76.2) 0.001 A5-2 1 (1.5) 1 (1.5) 63 (97.0) A5-3 0 (0.0) 19 (13.0) 131 (87.3) A5-4 1 (0.5) 24 (13.1) 158 (86.3) A5-5 6 (2.4) 35 (14.0) 210 (84.0) Values are presented as numbers and percentages (%). The frequency and percentages for the asthma scale categories are presented as following: A1 corresponds to the first question which estimates activities of daily living; A2 pertains to the second question which assesses dyspnea; A3 corresponds to the third question which evaluates the frequency of nighttime awakenings; A4 pertains to the fourth question which focuses on asthma medication usage; and A5 corresponds to the fifth question which shows patients’ self-assessment of their asthma control level.
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